Browse Topic: Ceramics

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Wear Resilience Characteristics of 2% Silicon Nitride Strengthened AZ31 Magnesium Composite2026-26-0740To be published on 06/01/2026
To develop magnesium matrix composites, ceramic silicon nitride (Si3N4) particles are used to strengthen the magnesium (AZ31) matrix by adding 2 wt.%. The composite is developed by disintegrated melt deposition vacuum stir casting method. Microstructural studies reveal the presence of Si3N4 particles and their uniform distribution. A L9 orthogonal array planned using Taguchi’s experimental design is chosen for three wear parameters axial load (AL), rotational speed (RS), and time duration (TD) for trials as per G99 standard in pin-on-disc apparatus. Experimental outcomes show a rise in axial stress; wear loss increases dramatically. Because the area of contact shrinks as sliding speed increases, wear loss diminishes dramatically. When the AL is low, CoF increases, and when the AL is large, CoF drops. When the sliding speed is increased, CoF decreases. To optimize multiple responses effectively, the TOPSIS method (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) was
Senthilkumar, N., Dhinakar Raj, C K
Investigation of Aluminium Alloy Composites Reinforced with Zirconium oxide and Solid Lubricant Attributes for Brake and Clutch Components of Aircrafts2026-26-0752To be published on 06/01/2026
For brake and clutch components of aircraft, which require higher mechanical strength and wear resistance, lightweight aluminum composites were developed by infusing solid lubricant. In this study, hybrid composites were developed using the powder metallurgy route, using aluminum alloy AA356 and various amounts of zirconium oxide (ZrO₂) (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt.%) as reinforcements. A solid lubricant, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), at a fixed 5 wt.% is considered. Following the appropriate ASTM guidelines, the specimens were mechanically characterized by measuring their density, porosity, micro-hardness, compression strength, impact strength, and flexural strength, among other properties. The findings showed that the composites' physical and mechanical behaviour were greatly affected by the addition of ZrO₂.Porosity increased as a result of particle clustering and interfacial voids, while density increased gradually as ceramic content increased. Consistently increasing ZrO₂ addition
Senthilkumar, N.
Characterization of a Low-Cost Insulator Substrate for Traction Power Modules2026-01-01194/7/2026
Demand for cost-effective automotive traction inverters requires improved power module packaging. This paper presents a packaging method using an epoxy composite insulator applied directly to the cold plate surface, replacing Direct Bonded Copper (DBC) and Active Metal Brazed (AMB) substrates. This integration removes the substrate-to-cold plate solder interface and eliminates two material layers from the thermal path. The epoxy composite demonstrates a dielectric strength greater than 60 kV/mm. Thermal resistance (junction-to-coolant) measured approximately 0.17 K∙cm2/W. Electrical characterization showed a relative permittivity of 3.9, which is lower than standard ceramics and results in reduced parasitic capacitance. Initial thermal cycling tests indicated no significant degradation in thermal or electrical performance. These results suggest the epoxy composite insulator could be a promising alternative for traction power modules.
Chen, Yu, Mena-Garcia, Javier, Chen, Hao, Xiao, Kewei, Gupta, Man Prakash, Degner, Michael
3D Printing Method ‘Grows’ Ultra-Strong MaterialsTBMG-544081/1/2026
Researchers have pioneered a 3D printing method that grows metals and ceramics inside a water-based gel, resulting in exceptionally dense, yet intricate constructions for next-generation biomedical technologies.
Fractographic Analysis after Creep Testing of Ti-6Al-4V with Yttria and Niobia Co-Doped Zirconia TBC2025-36-005312/18/2025
The application of Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBC) has been widely utilized in aerospace turbines to enhance the operational temperature and thermal efficiency of titanium alloys, while preserving their properties such as low density, creep resistance, and corrosion resistance. TBC systems typically consist of a metallic substrate, a metallic coating (Bond Coat), a thermally grown oxide (TGO), and a ceramic topcoat (TC). This study investigated the fracture surface characteristics of Ti-6Al-4V with TBC after a creep test at a constant temperature of 600 °C, under stress levels of 125, 222, and 319 MPa, in order to understand the mechanisms involved. The TBC was composed of a NiCrAlY (BC) and a zirconia co-doped with yttria and nióbia (TC). The fracture characterization of the alloy after the creep test was conducted through stereoscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The fracture mechanism at 600 °C and 222 MPa was predominantly ductile, as evidenced by the presence of dimples and
Takahashi, Renata Jesuina, de Assis, João Marcos Kruszynski, Rodrigues, Bianca Costa, de Andrade Acevedo Jimenez, Laila Ribeiro, Reis, Danieli Aparecida Pereira
Composite Materials Handbook Volume 3 - Revision HR-64010/16/2025
The third volume of this six-volume compendium provides methodologies and lessons learned for the design, analysis, manufacture, and field support of fiber-reinforced, polymeric-matrix composite structures. It also provides guidance on material and process specifications and procedures for using the data that is presented in Volume 2. The information provided is consistent with the guidance provided in Volume 1, and is an extensive compilation of the current knowledge and experiences of engineers and scientists from industry, government, and academia who are active in composites. The Composite Materials Handbook, referred to by industry groups as CMH-17, is a six-volume engineering reference tool that contains over 1,000 records of the latest test data for polymer matrix, metal matrix, ceramic matrix, and structural sandwich composites. CMH-17 provides information and guidance necessary to design and fabricate end items from composite materials. It includes properties of composite
CMH-17
Aerospace & Defense Technology: August 202525AERP088/7/2025
Are Military Avionics Systems Ready for Artificial Intelligence? Reclaiming Readiness: Advancing US Defense Through Scalable Additive Manufacturing When Innovation Outpaces Infrastructure: R&D's New Reality in Aerospace Confidence Through Testing: How to Design a Practical Structural Test Program The Tug-of-War Between Speed and Strength How to strike a balance between cable performance and resilience. 101st Combat Aviation Brigade Makes History with First MUOS Connectivity in a Helicopter New Laser Technique Revolutionizes Ultra-High Ceramic Manufacturing for Spacecraft Researchers have demonstrated a new technique that uses lasers to create ceramics that can withstand ultra-high temperatures, with applications ranging from nuclear power technologies to spacecraft and jet exhaust systems. A Twist in Topology Optimization Leads to High-Performing Heat Exchanger Researchers used an innovative approach to the geometry and design of pipes that flow hot and cold fluids through heat
Peening Media Ceramic Shot, Ceria-Zirconia (ACZ)AMS2431/9A (Current)8/1/2025
This specification, in conjunction with the general requirements for peening media covered in AMS2431, establishes the requirements for the procurement of ceria-zirconia ceramic shot.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
New Laser Technique Revolutionizes Ultra-High Ceramic Manufacturing for Spacecraft25AERP08_078/1/2025
Researchers have demonstrated a new technique that uses lasers to create ceramics that can withstand ultra-high temperatures, with applications ranging from nuclear power technologies to spacecraft and jet exhaust systems. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC A new technique that leverages the concept of sintering, can be used to create ceramic coatings, tiles or complex three-dimensional structures, which allows for increased versatility when engineering new devices and technologies. “Sintering is the process by which raw materials - either powders or liquids - are converted into a ceramic material,” says Cheryl Xu, co-corresponding author of a paper on this research and a Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at North Carolina State University (NCSU). “For this work, we focused on an ultrahigh temperature ceramic called hafnium carbide (HfC). Traditionally, sintering HfC requires placing the raw materials in a furnace that can reach temperatures of at least 2,200
New Laser Technique Revolutionizes Ultra-High Ceramic Manufacturing for SpacecraftTBMG-535898/1/2025
A new technique that leverages the concept of sintering, can be used to create ceramic coatings, tiles or complex three-dimensional structures, which allows for increased versatility when engineering new devices and technologies.
Optimization of Abrasive Water Jet Machining of Al 6061-T6 Alloy Using Taguchi-Based Gray Relational Analysis-Coupled Principal Component Analysis Hybrid Approach05-18-03-00233/13/2025
Abrasive water jet (AWJ) machining is the most effective technology for processing various engineering materials particularly difficult-to-cut materials such as aluminum alloys, steels, brass, ceramics, composites, and the like. The present study focuses on the experimental study on surface roughness and kerf taper is carried out during AWJ machining of Al 6061-T6 alloy with 40 mm thickness, and the influence of process parameters includes water jet pressure, standoff distance, and abrasive flow rate on the kerf taper and surface roughness is analyzed. The number of experiments is designed using Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array. Experimental results are statistically analyzed using ANOVA. Also gray relational analysis (GRA) coupled with principal component analysis (PCA) hybrid approach was implemented to optimize the performance parameters. From the results it is found that standoff distance and hydraulic jet pressure are the most influencing parameters on surface roughness and kerf
Kolluri, Siva Prasad, Srikanth, V., Ismail, Sk., Bhanu, C.H.
Sensitive Ceramics for Robotics, ProstheticsTBMG-526113/1/2025
Researchers are developing soft sensor materials based on ceramics. Such sensors can feel temperature, strain, pressure, or humidity, for instance, which makes them interesting for use in medicine, but also in the field of soft robotics.
Thermal Buckling Analysis of Axially Layered Aluminium Zirconia Functionally Graded Beam2025-28-01202/7/2025
This study investigates the thermal buckling behavior of axially layered functionally graded material (FGM) thin beams with potential applications in automotive structures. The FGM beam is constructed from four axially stratified sections, with the proportional amount of metal and ceramic fluctuating through the thickness. The buckling analysis is carried out for three different support configurations: clamped-clamped, simply supported-simply supported, and clamped-simply supported. The primary objective is to identify the optimal thermal buckling temperature of the FGM thin beam using the Taguchi optimization method. Beam arrangements are established using a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array and analyzed using finite element software (ANSYS). Layers 1-4 of the axially layered beam are considered process parameters, while the thermal buckling temperature is the response parameter. Minitab software performs an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with a 95% confidence level to identify the most
Pawale, Deepak, Bhaskara Rao, Lokavarapu
Thermal Buckling Analysis of Axially Layered Aluminium Silicon Nitride Functionally Graded Thin Beam using Taguchi Method2025-28-01722/7/2025
This research examines the thermal instability of slender beams composed of functionally graded materials (FGMs), with a specific focus on their suitability for engine hood components. The FGM combines the durability of aluminum with the heat tolerance of silicon nitride. The study aims to determine the maximum temperature the beam can withstand without buckling under various support conditions, simulating the uneven heat distribution experienced by engine hoods in actual use. The FGM structure comprises four longitudinally arranged layers, where the ceramic and metallic components gradually shift across the thickness. Finite element modeling software (ANSYS) is utilized to examine the buckling response under diverse temperature conditions. To enhance the thermal performance of the engine hood panel, the Taguchi L9 orthogonal array methodology is employed utilizing Minitab 19 software. The first four layers of the FGM beam are defined as process variables, while the critical buckling
Pawale, Deepak, Bhaskara Rao, Lokavarapu
Fabrication and Characterization of Silicon Carbide and Aluminum Oxide Reinforced 6061-T6 Aluminum Matrix Composites2024-01-52621/28/2025
Aluminum Matrix Composites (AMCs) are gaining traction in aerospace, automotive, and marine industries due to their superior mechanical properties. By integrating hard ceramic particles such as silicon carbide (SiC) and aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) into aluminum matrices, these composites exhibit enhanced wear resistance and strength-to-weight ratios. This study explores the fabrication and characterization of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy matrix composites, reinforced individually with SiC and Al₂O₃ particles through the squeeze casting technique. The research includes a comprehensive analysis of microstructures and mechanical properties, focusing on compressive strength, Brinell hardness, and tribological behavior. Findings reveal that SiC and Al₂O₃ reinforcements boost compressive strength by up to 27% and 47%, respectively, and increase hardness by up to 29% and 20%, respectively, compared to unreinforced aluminum.
Thirumavalavan, R., Santhosh, V., Sugunarani, S., Regupathi, S., Sundaravignesh, S.
Advancements in Lightweight Composite Materials for Enhancing the Structural Integrity of Automotive Component2025-01-50051/23/2025
This research was conducted with the aim of exploring the usage of advanced lightweight materials such as aluminum matrix composite and aramid fiber reinforcement polymer for increased structural integrity of the hood of an automotive vehicle. The automotive sector is moving toward lightweight materials because of the need to enhance fuel efficiency, the importance of reducing environmental impact, and the need to ensure safety of new-generation automobiles. While traditional materials such as steel and aluminum might be very rigid and durable, they also add huge weight to the overall vehicle design. Consequently, these vehicles become more fuel inefficient, which could lead to higher emissions and pollution. The two materials chosen for this research are very promising, considering that both are characterized by high specific strength and impact resistance capabilities. The low weight of the materials is also an added bonus. While AMC is manufactured by consolidating aluminum with
Arvinda Pandian, C.K., Balaji, N., Seeniappan, Kaliappan, Natrayan, L., Maranan, Ramya, Ravi, D.
Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Reduced Stress Localized Aluminium Composites for Automobile Applications2024-28-024112/5/2024
The modern-day development in the field of mobility demands the development of advanced engineering materials for various engineering applications. Composite materials play a pivotal role in the advancement of mobility by achieving overall weight reduction and thereby contributing to the sustainability of the environment. Metal matrix composites has played a crucial role over the last few decades in the automotive industry replacing the conventional metal in achieving a better strength to weight ratio. Metal matrix composites can be a combination of a metal and a ceramic combined at a macroscopic level to achieve better mechanical and tribological properties at a reduced weight to strength ratio. Aluminium being one of the largest metals widely used in automobiles, are gradually being replaced with Aluminium metal matrix composites. Aluminium – silicon carbide composite is a key interest among the researchers due to the attractive mechanical and tribological properties that enhance the
Valsan, Ashray
Effect Analysis of Material Properties on Thermo-Electric Generator Performance2024-28-00549/19/2024
Residual thermal energy, a by-product of automobiles, contributes notably to climate change and global warming. This energy is produced as exhaust gases in vehicles with internal combustion engines and as heat from batteries and fuel cells in eco-friendly vehicles. A thermo-electric generator (TEG) can transform this waste heat into useful electrical energy. The efficiency of the TEG is influenced by several factors, including the properties of the materials used, the geometrical design (form factor), and the conditions under which it operates. In this study, we examine how the choice of materials for the semiconductors, electrodes, ceramics, and joining components influences the overall performance of the TEG. We evaluate the TEG’s performance based on output power, and efficiency. The findings from these measurements allow us to determine which material and its properties significantly impact the TEG’s performance. For optimal TEG performance, seek materials with high Seebeck
Ponangi, Babu Rao, Mutagi, Megha, Bali, Gaurav
Peening Media, Ceramic Shot, Yttria-Zirconia (AYZ)AMS2431/10 (Current)9/11/2024
This specification, in conjunction with the general requirements for peening media covered in AMS2431, establishes the requirements for the procurement of yttria-zirconia ceramic shot.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
NHTSA’s Evaluation of Glazing Performance Testing2024-01-24914/9/2024
FMVSS No. 205, “Glazing Materials,” uses impact test methods specified in ANSI/SAE Z26.1-1996. NHTSA’s Vehicle Research and Test Center initiated research to evaluate a subset of test methods from ANSI Z26.1-1996 including the 227 gram ball and shot bag impact tests, and the fracture test. Additional research was completed to learn about potential changes to tempered glass strength due to the ceramic paint area (CPA), and to compare the performance of twelve by twelve inch flat samples and full-size production parts. Glass evaluated included tempered rear quarter, sunroof, and backlight glazing. Samples with a paint edge were compared to samples without paint, and to production parts with and without paint in equivalent impact tests. A modified shot bag with stiffened sidewalls was compared to the ANSI standard shot bag. The fracture test comparison included evaluating the ANSI Z26.1 impact location and ECE R43 impact location. Over 900 tests covering the various test conditions
Rains, Corinn
Analysis of Thermal Stress on Silicon Nitride Surface Caused by Drop-Wall Interaction at Engine Conditions2024-01-25844/9/2024
The phenomenon of drop-wall interaction plays a crucial role in a wide range of industrial applications. When liquid droplets come into contact with a high-temperature surface, it can lead to thermal shock due to rapid temperature fluctuations. This abrupt temperature change can generate thermal stress within the solid wall material. If the thermal stress exceeds the material's strength in that specific stress mode, it can result in material failure. Therefore, it is imperative to delve into the evolving temperature patterns on high-temperature surfaces to optimize material durability. This study focuses on investigating drop-wall interactions within the context of engine environments. To achieve this, the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method is employed to simulate the impact of fuel droplets on a silicon nitride wall. The goal is to understand the heat transfer mechanisms, thermal penetration depths, and temperature distributions within the heated wall. Furthermore, this
Ahamed, Sheikh, Kong, Song-Charng
Additive Manufacturing Model-Based Process MetricsTBMG-502403/1/2024
Additive manufacturing enables unrivaled design freedom and flexible fabrication of components from a wide range of materials including metals, composites, polymers, and ceramics. The near net shape parts are made by processes like sequential melting or layer-by-layer material deposition with a complex set of processing variables. The sequential nature of the process means that every step can impact the next and thus, tools to evaluate that risk before and during manufacturing are necessary.
Tribomaterials: Properties and Selection for Friction, Wear, and Erosion ApplicationsB-ASM-0522/28/2024
This book is intended to help readers reduce the unwanted costs and ramifications of friction, wear, and erosion in tribosytems by recommending engineering materials that have proven to be successful in dealing with these issues. Recommendations on which tool materials work best, what are the most abrasion-resistant plastics, where should ceramics be used, and where do lubrication and coatings fit in are included. The purpose of the book is to offer engineering material suggestions that practicing material engineers have found to work in many applications based on more than 40 years of research and testing of tribomaterials.
Budinski, Kenneth G.
An Experimental Study of Mechanical Behaviour of Aluminium Based Stir Casted Metal Matrix Composite2023-01-51042/23/2024
The requirement for lightweight, high-performance materials with higher wear resistance, which is critical in industries such as aerospace, automotive, and consumer-related sectors, has fueled the development of particle reinforced metal matrix composites (PRMCs). These materials are an appealing alternative for a broad variety of scientific and technological applications due to their remarkable mechanical qualities and low cost. The primary goal of developing metal matrix composite materials is to combine the favorable properties of metals and ceramics. This study included several experimental experiments to explore the behavior of stir-cast composites made of aluminum grade 6063 with varying amounts of SiC, Al2O3, and TiO2 reinforcements. The specimens obtained through the use of stir casting methodologies are subjected to a wide range of mechanical tests, including tensile tests, impact analyses, hardness measurements, and tribological investigations such as sliding wear tests and
Chaudhary, Amit S., Waghulde, Kishor B., Javanjal, Vijaykumar Kisan, Subhash, Gadhave
Analyzing Mechanical Behaviour of Aluminium Alloy Composites Reinforced with Ceramics2023-01-51102/23/2024
Aluminium composites are remarkably used in automotive, aerospace, and agricultural sectors because of their lightweight with definable mechanical properties. The stir casting route was followed to fabricate cylindrical samples with base aluminium alloy LM4, LM4/SiC, LM4/Al2O3, and LM4/SiC/Al2O3. The tensile strength, compressive strength, hardness, and micro-structural analysis were performed on samples and Finite element analysis (FEA) was adopted to predict the failure modes of composites. The composites experimental results were found to be in line with the FEA results, however, the LM4/SiC/Al2O3 revealed better results on the mechanical properties when compared with other composite configurations. The mechanical properties improvement like hardness 5%-11%, tensile strength 10.26%-20.67%, compressive strength 15.19% - 32.58% and 71.52 - 82.1% reduction in dimension have been achieved in LM4/SiC/Al2O3 composite comparing to base metal.
Rajeswari, B., Manikandan, C., Rajeshkumar, L., Aravind, R.M.
Wear Behavior of Hard Ceramic Coatings by Aluminum Oxide– Aluminum Titanate on Magnesium Alloy2023-01-51092/23/2024
Magnesium and its alloys are promising engineering materials with broad potential applications in the automotive, aerospace, and biomedical fields. These materials are prized for their lightweight properties, impressive specific strength, and biocompatibility. However, their practical use is often hindered by their low wear and corrosion resistance. Despite their excellent mechanical properties, the high strength-to-weight ratio of magnesium alloys necessitates surface protection for many applications. In this particular study, we employed the plasma spraying technique to enhance the low corrosion resistance of the AZ91D magnesium alloy. We conducted a wear analysis on nine coated samples, each with a thickness of 6mm, to assess their tribological performance. To evaluate the surface morphology and microstructure of the dual-phase treated samples, we employed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The bare AZ91D magnesium alloy exhibited a microhardness value
Kishore Kanna, K., Mohamed Thariq, R., Marimuthu, S., Daniel Das, A., Suresh Balaji, R., Manivannan, S.
Investigation on the Surface Structure and Tribological Characterization of 10 wt.% ZrO 2 -Reinforced Alumina Prepared by Flame Spray Coating05-17-02-00092/20/2024
In this study, we have investigated the microstructural characteristics, the mechanical properties, and the dry sliding wear behavior of a ceramic coating consisting of zirconia (ZrO2) and alumina (Al2O3) deposited by flame spraying. A series of wear tests were carried out under a variety of loads and at two different sliding speeds. The evaluation included an examination of the coating microstructure, microhardness, coefficient of friction (COF), and wear resistance of the flame-sprayed coating. The results showed that the coatings had a perfectly structured micro-architecture and were metallurgically bonded to the substrate. The Al2O3 coating exhibited a fine granular structure with pores and oxides. The microstructure of Al2O3-10 wt.% ZrO2, on the other hand, showed a blocky structure with a uniform distribution of ZrO2 inclusions in the composite coating. X-ray diffraction (XDR) results showed that the phases in both coatings were predominantly α-Al2O3 with a minor presence of γ
Younes, Rassim, Baiamonte, Lidia, Idir, Abdelhek, Dalibon, Eugenia, Sadeddine, Abdelhamid, Bradai, Mohand Amokrane
Analyzing the Moisture and Chemical Retention Behavior of Flax Fiber–Ceramic Hybrid Composites for Automotive Underbody Shields2024-01-50061/22/2024
In pursuing enhanced bio-composite properties, filler materials play a pivotal role. This study delves into the impact of ceramic additives on the chemical resistance and moisture durability of flax fiber-reinforced polymers. Utilizing the hand lay-up technique, we developed polyester composites reinforced with flax fibers. Silicon carbide (SiC) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) were chosen as filler components. One batch of flax fibers underwent an alkaline treatment to enhance their properties further using a 5% NaOH solution. The resistance of composite samples to acetic acid and sodium hydroxide was then assessed. Additionally, the moisture absorption patterns of all models were investigated. A thorough comparative analysis was conducted among multiple composite batches. The results highlighted that integrating additives significantly bolstered the chemical and moisture resistance of the composites. Notably, the alkali-treated samples exhibited superior moisture and chemical agent
Pandian, Arvinda, Kaliappan, Seeniappan, Natrayan, L., Reddy, Vinay
A Combined Experimental and Numerical Analysis on the Aerodynamics of a Carbon-Ceramic Brake Disc15-17-02-00091/4/2024
Composite ceramic brake discs are made of ceramic material reinforced with carbon fibers and offer exceptional advantages that translate directly into higher vehicle performance. In the case of an electric vehicle, it could increase the range of the vehicle, and in the case of conventional internal combustion engine vehicles, it means lower fuel consumption (and consequently lower CO2 emissions). These discs are typically characterized by complex internal geometries, further complicated by the presence of drilling holes on both friction surfaces. To estimate the aerothermal performance of these discs, and for the thermal management of the vehicle, a reliable model for predicting the air flowing across the disc channels is needed. In this study, a real carbon-ceramic brake disc with drilling holes was investigated in a dedicated test rig simulating the wheel corner flow conditions experimentally using the particle image velocimetry technique and numerically. The simulation was performed
Rouina, Samaneh, Barigozzi, Giovanna, Abdeh, Hamed, Palomino Solis, Daniel A., Iavarone, Paolo
Navajo Pottery-Inspired Ceramic Water FilterTBMG-4971112/12/2023
Billions of people around the world lack access to clean, drinkable water. A research team led by engineers at The University of Texas at Austin has developed a new water filtration system using locally sourced materials for members of the Navajo Nation in the Southwest.
Effect of ZrO 2 Nanoparticles Loading on the Tribo-Mechanical Behavior of Magnesium Alloy Nanocomposites2023-28-013011/10/2023
Magnesium alloy nanocomposite prepared with hard ceramic particles via conventional technique is a promising future material for automotive applications due to its unique characteristics like low density, high strength, castability, and good wear resistance. The present study is to enhance the tribo-mechanical properties of alumina nanoparticle (10wt %) reinforced magnesium alloy (Mg/Al) composite by incorporating 1wt%, 3wt%, and 5wt% zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles through stir casting method. The tensile strength, impact toughness, hardness, and wear rate of developed composites were compared with (10wt %) alumina nanoparticles reinforced magnesium alloy composite. The nanocomposite containing 3wt% ZrO2 shows maximum impact strength of 22.8 J/mm2. The maximum tensile strength (88.9MPa), hardness (124.5BHN), and wear resistance (9.802mm3/m at 20N) are obtained for 5wt% ZrO2 magnesium alloy nanocomposite.
J, Chandradass, T, Thirugnanasambandham, Rajendran, R, Murugadoss, Palanivendhan
Size Classification and Characteristics of Ceramic Shot for PeeningJ1830_202310 (Current)10/13/2023
This specification covers characteristics for chemistry, microstructure, density, hardness, size, shape, and appearance of zirconium oxide-based ceramic shot, suitable for peening surfaces of parts by impingement.
Surface Enhancement Committee
3D-Printed Ceramics Can Increase Gas Turbine EfficiencyTBMG-490959/19/2023
Manufacturing of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Silicon Carbide - Zirconium Diboride Composite Brake Rotors using Electric Field Assisted Sintering2024-01-40528/10/2023
ABSTRACT High performance fiber reinforced ceramic rotors have the potential to greatly improve metrics in heavy vehicles such as braking distance, acceleration time, maximum speed, fuel consumption, improved handling, and increased vehicle maximum loads. Three types of carbon ceramic composite brake rotor materials were created using polymer infiltration pyrolysis (PIP) for carbon fiber reinforced silicon oxicarbide, reactive melt infiltration (RMI) for carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide, and electric field assisted sintering (EFAS) for carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide-zirconium diboride to investigate the manufacturing of 396mm diameter heavy vehicle brake rotors. The microstructure of parts created by each manufacturing method were discussed and contrasted. The EFAS manufactured rotor created the highest quality part due to extremely fast processing times, uniform material microstructure, and fusing of adjacent fibers in the carbon fiber network. Thermal conductivity was
Rufner, Jorgen, Leonard, Clifford, Nutt, Steven, Nguyen, Kevin
Making High-Performance Parts Inexpensive and DurableTBMG-482586/1/2023
Many of today’s high-performance technologies — nuclear reactors, spacecraft, concentrated solar plants, and hydrogen cells — require advanced materials. Advanced means they are made of metals and ceramics that can withstand extreme conditions or meet exacting specifications.
Controlling the Grind for Precision PhotonicsTBMG-481305/1/2023
Photonics, the science and technology of light, relies on optical components that affect light transmission in very specialized ways. To achieve the precision required, the optical components must be precisely ground from standard forms of glass, ceramics, or other materials to exceedingly tight tolerances, in many cases with extreme levels of flatness and parallelism.
Study of Surface Insulation Structures to Reduce Cooling Loss in Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines2023-01-09484/11/2023
Cooling loss reduction is essential to enable further increases in thermal efficiency of reciprocating internal combustion engines. Many in-cylinder cooling loss reduction studies have been carried out by applying various thermal barrier coatings to the piston and/or other in-cylinder surfaces, taking advantage of the lower thermal effusivity of ceramic materials. However, the end result was mostly minimal or in some cases, negative. In our previous study, significant cooling loss reduction was experimentally confirmed by utilizing a mirror-like polished stainless-steel thermal sprayed surface (HVOF: high velocity oxy-fuel) on a forged steel piston. This study firstly investigated an alternative insulating layer material to stainless-steel, along with effects of its thickness on heat transfer by a one-dimensional unsteady numerical model. Results showed that lower thermal effusivity doesn’t always reduce heat transfer, but increases nonuniformity of surface temperature. Next, a
Kawaharazuka, Fumihiro, Uchida, Noboru
Research on Surface Treatment Coating on Titanium Alloy Based on Laser Cladding Technology2023-01-09803/7/2023
This paper will illustrate the surface treatment coating that forms a strong metallurgical bond between the titanium alloy matrix regarding the high friction properties and challenging lubricating of titanium alloys. In this research, TC4 has been selected as a base material instead of TiC. Then Ni-composite coating was employed as the surface treatment of TC4 by laser cladding (LC) process. The Ni-based alloy coating material powder is good self-fluxing, has high-temperature resistance, and is analytically pure with 200 mesh. The chemical properties of Ni composite coating include 31.2 % Chromium, 8%Titenium, and 3.6% Carbon. Overall characterization and microstructure analysis of the prepared coating utilizing OM, XRD, SEM, EDS, and EPMA with different laser-specific energies (LSP) performance impact. It is evident that an excellent coating can be employed at the LSP of about 12.5kJ/cm2. The TiC ceramic particle reinforced phase is dispersed into a two-phase solid solution of β-Ti
Miah, Md Helal, Chand, Dharmahinder Singh, Malhi, Gurmail Singh, Khan, Shahrukh, al Muin, Abdullah
Advanced Low Mass Ceramic Substrate for improved Cold Start Performance Targeting PROCONVE L8 Light-Duty Emissions Regulations2022-36-00272/10/2023
Brazilian Emissions Regulations are getting tighter in the coming years. With PROCONVE L7 in Jan-2023 and PROCONVE L8 in 2025, regulated emissions limits will significantly decrease, such as, the NMOG + NOx standard from 130 mg/km (PL6) to 50 mg/km (PL8). This challenge will necessitate better aftertreatment performance, with expected increases the catalytic converter PGM content, and consequently higher system cost. It is understood that approximately 75% of an engine’s gaseous pollutants occur during the first few seconds after a cold start, thus it is crucial to promote the emissions conversion performance during that period. One approach is to decrease the heat capacity of the catalytic system, which can be done by utilizing cordierite substrates with thinner walls or an increased material porosity. CORNING has developed an innovative technology to substantially raise the porosity of conventional ultra-thin wall substrates from 35% to 55%, while maintaining their strength. This
Petrini Fogaça, Rômulo, Urbani Amadei, Gabriel, L. Warkins, Jason, A. Craig, Angus
Aerospace & Defense Technology: December 202222AERP1212/1/2022
Why are Aerospace & Defense Companies Embracing Additive Manufacturing? Simplifying Power Design with Modular Architectures The Role of DevSecOps in Modern Edge Systems Making Machines Curious Designing Multi-Channel Microwave Radio Systems Using Optical Interconnects Solving Military Satellite, Radar and 5G Communications Challenges with GaN-on-SiC MMIC Power Amplifiers Advanced Airborne Defensive Laser for Incorporation on Strike Fighter Aircraft A technical and operational analysis of an airborne "hard-kill" Ytterbium fiber laser-based anti-missile system for use on strike fighters. Additive Manufacturing Utilizing a Novel In-Line Mixing System for Design of Functionally Graded Ceramic Composites Exploring the development of a direct ink writing system with multimaterial and in-line mixing capabilities for printing inks composed of high solids-loaded ceramic particulate suspensions. Hierarchical Diamond-Based Ceramic Composites An innovative combination of experimental synthesis and
Hierarchical Diamond-Based Ceramic CompositesTBMG-4720112/1/2022
This research developed and utilized advanced processing, modeling, and micromechanical tools to discover and demonstrate hierarchically structured diamond-based composites with exceptional mechanical and ballistic behavior. Understanding how nanoscale and mesoscale microstructural features in diamond–silicon carbide (SiC) composites influenced the physics of failure was critical in uncovering ways to improve performance for soldier protection and discover potential defeat mechanisms.
Hierarchical Diamond-Based Ceramic Composites22AERP12_0912/1/2022
An innovative combination of experimental synthesis and testing and multiscale simulation techniques explored the effects of hierarchical microstructure (mesoscale diamond packing and nanoscale interfaces) on the mechanical and ballistic performance of diamond-silicon carbide (SiC) composite ceramics. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland This research developed and utilized advanced processing, modeling, and micromechanical tools to discover and demonstrate hierarchically structured diamond-based composites with exceptional mechanical and ballistic behavior. Understanding how nanoscale and mesoscale microstructural features in diamond-silicon carbide (SiC) composites influenced the physics of failure was critical in uncovering ways to improve performance for soldier protection and discover potential defeat mechanisms. Emphasis was placed on the fundamental understanding of the deformation and failure mechanisms, which enabled the design and development of robust
Additive Manufacturing Utilizing a Novel In-Line Mixing System for Design of Functionally Graded Ceramic CompositesTBMG-4720012/1/2022
The impetus for advancing brittle ceramic materials used for armor applications has been identified as both an increased mass efficiency for greater weight reduction and enhanced performance against ballistic threats through manipulating the physics of failure.
Additive Manufacturing Utilizing a Novel In-Line Mixing System for Design of Functionally Graded Ceramic Composites22AERP12_0812/1/2022
Exploring the development of a direct ink writing system with multimaterial and in-line mixing capabilities for printing inks composed of high solids-loaded ceramic particulate suspensions. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland The impetus for advancing brittle ceramic materials used for armor applications has been identified as both an increased mass efficiency for greater weight reduction and enhanced performance against ballistic threats through manipulating the physics of failure. Development of functionally graded ceramic composites is a potential solution for enabling new dynamic fracture and deformation mechanisms in armor materials, surpassing that of the individual intrinsic material behaviors. However, engineering of these composite structures is currently limited due to the stochastic nature of traditional powder mixing and processing. Thus, additive manufacturing (AM) is being studied as an enabling technology for processing discrete mesostructural
Optimized Cutting Tools for Tomorrow's Sustainable Aircraft22AERP10_0410/1/2022
“Good design is, for people and the planet, an increasingly critical focus,” according to the UK Government's UK Innovation Strategy. That includes in aerospace, where tomorrow's aircraft will be required to fly more sustainably and support net zero objectives around the world. Optimized cutting tools and process knowledge will be crucial to sustainability and innovation in aerospace, especially when working with increasingly difficult-to-machine materials. Tomorrow's sustainable aircraft will rely more on next generation powder-based heat resistant super alloys (HRSAs) and advanced ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), as they can withstand high temperatures for more efficient fuel burn and low emissions. However, these materials are required to be heat resistant and maintain their material properties under extreme temperatures. This presents challenges at the machining stage.
Novel Patching Material for Bone DefectsTBMG-4669510/1/2022
Scientists have discovered a new type of bone repairing material that could be used to more precisely fix bone defects. The bioresponsive ceramic interacts with an enzyme found in blood to be absorbed into the body at a precise and predictable rate.
Magnesium Alloy, Processes for Pretreatment and Prevention of Corrosion onAMSM3171A (Current)9/14/2022
This specification covers general requirements for the apparatus, material, and procedures to be used in the processing of magnesium base alloys for the purpose of increasing their corrosion resistance and by producing surfaces suitable for organic paint finish systems.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
On Optimization of NAO Cu-Free Friction Material Formulation Using Design of Experiments and Taguchi Orthogonal Array132879/13/2022
"On Optimization of NAO Cu-Free Friction Material Formulation Using Design of Experiments and Taguchi Orthogonal Array Vishal Reddy Singireddy*, Sai Krishna Kancharla*, Peter Filip* *School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Materials Engineering, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Illinois Development of novel friction material is a very long, expensive process which also involves rigorous testing. Researchers in the industry often use full-factorial design of experiments to test the influence of each factor and their interactions on the outcome. NAO Cu-free brake pads are made of several ingredients like metals, ceramics, fibers, binder, and rubbers, it would require a very large number of experiments to assess the influence of each individual material (factor) on the performance and mechanical properties of the final product. To overcome this, Taguchi developed a new method which would test factors in pairs instead of individually, thereby lowering the required number of experiments
REDDY, VISHAL
Composite Materials Handbook Volume 1 - Revision HR-5409/6/2022
The first volume of this six-volume compendium contains guidelines for determining the properties of polymer matrix composite material systems and their constituents, as well as the properties of generic structural elements, including test planning, test matrices, sampling, conditioning, test procedure selection, data reporting, data reduction, statistical analysis, and other related topics. Special attention is given to the statistical treatment and analysis of data. Volume 1 contains guidelines for general development of material characterization data as well as specific requirements for publication of material data in CMH-17. The primary purpose of this volume of the handbook is to document industry best-practices for engineering methodologies related to testing, data reduction, and reporting of property data for current and emerging composite materials. It is used by engineers worldwide in designing and fabricating products made from composite materials. The Composite Materials
Cobalt Alloy, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 40Co - 22Cr - 22Ni - 14.5W - 0.07La Solution Heat TreatedAMS5608H (Current)7/6/2022
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant cobalt alloy in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
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