Browse Topic: Production control

Items (2,249)
Summary This paper discusses the latest techniques in vehicle modeling and simulation to support ground vehicle performance and fuel economy studies, enable system design optimization, and facilitate detailed control system design. The Autonomie software package, developed at Argonne National Laboratory, is described with emphasis on its capabilities to support Model-in-the-Loop, Software-in-the-Loop (SIL), Component-in-the-Loop (CIL), and Hardware-in-the-Loop simulations. Autonomie supports Model-Based Systems Engineering, which is growing in use as ground vehicles become more sophisticated and complex, with many more subsystems interacting within the vehicle and the environmental conditions in which the vehicles operate becoming more challenging and varied. With the advent of hybrid powertrains, the additional dimension of vehicle architecture has become one of the design variables that must be considered. This complexity results in the need for a simulation tool that is capable of
Michaels, LarryHalbach, ShaneShidore, NeerajRousseau, Aymeric
Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques, particularly Fusion Deposition Modeling (FDM), have received considerable interest due to their capacity to create complex structures using a diverse array of materials. The objective of this study is to improve the process control and efficiency of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) for Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) material by creating a predictive model using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The study investigates the impact of FDM process parameters, including layer height, nozzle temperature, and printing speed, on key printing attributes such as tensile strength, flexibility, and surface quality. Several experimental trials are performed to gather data on these parameters and their corresponding printing attributes. The ANFIS predictive model is built using the collected dataset to forecast printing characteristics by analyzing input process parameters. The ANFIS model utilizes the learning capabilities of neural networks
Pasupuleti, ThejasreeNatarajan, ManikandanD, PalanisamyA, GnanarathinamUmapathi, DKiruthika, Jothi
This standard establishes requirements for Process Control Methods to sustain product conformity. This includes training, selection of control methods, analysis and improvement of their effectiveness, and subsequent monitoring and control. It applies to all controls documented in the Control Plan. This will include but is not limited to Key Characteristics (KCs) and Critical Items (CIs). This standard aligns and collaborates with the requirements of AS9100, AS9103, AS9145, AS13000, AS13002, AS13003, and AS13004. Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) items and Standard Catalogue Items (that neither the customer nor supplier hold design authority for) are not included
G-22 Aerospace Engine Supplier Quality (AESQ) Committee
This document provides guidance for oxygen cylinder installation on commerical aircraft based on airworthiness requirements, and methods practiced within aerospace industry. It covers considerations for oxygen systems from beginning of project phase up to production, maintenance, and servicing. The document is related to requirements of DOT-approved oxygen cylinders, as well to those designed and manufactured to standards of ISO 11119. However, its basic rules may also be applicable to new development pertaining to use of such equipment in an oxygen environment. For information regarding oxygen cylinders itself, also refer to AIR825/12
A-10 Aircraft Oxygen Equipment Committee
Selective Laser Melting (SLM) has gained widespread usage in aviation, aerospace, and die manufacturing due to its exceptional capacity for producing intricate metal components of highly complex geometries. Nevertheless, the instability inherent in the SLM process frequently results in irregularities in the quality of the fabricated components. As a result, this hinders the continuous progress and broader acceptance of SLM technology. Addressing these challenges, in-process quality control strategies during SLM operations have emerged as effective remedies for mitigating the quality inconsistencies found in the final components. This study focuses on utilizing optical emission spectroscopy and IR thermography to continuously monitor and analyze the SLM process within the powder bed, intending to strengthen process control and minimize defects. Optical emission spectroscopy is employed to study the real-time interactions between the laser and powder bed, melt pool dynamics, material
Raju, BenjaminKancherla, Kishore BabuB S, DakshayiniRoy Mahapatra, Debiprosad
Medical component manufacturing must meet stringent regulations for quality and product consistency, making process control a critical issue with materials, machining, assembly and packaging. This is vitally important with fluid dispensing applications used in the assembly of medical devices, point-of-care testing and near-patient testing products, medical wearables and other life sciences applications, which require accurate and consistent deposition of fluid amounts of UV-cure adhesives, silicones and other fluids in their manufacture
This paper presents the application of statistical process control (SPC) methods to Windshear, a 180-mph motorsports and automotive wind tunnel equipped with a wide-belt rolling road system. The SPC approach captures the complete variability of the facility and offers useful process performance metrics that are based on a sound statistical framework. Traditional control charts are explored, emphasizing the uniqueness of variability experienced in wind tunnels which includes significant, unexplained short-term and long-term variation compared to typical manufacturing processes. This unique variation is elegantly captured by the three-way control chart, which is applied to estimate the complete process reproducibility with different levels of repeatability of vehicle drag coefficient. The sensitivity of three-way control charts is explored including the evaluation of an alternate group assignment within the same dataset. A practical example is provided evaluating secondary boundary layer
Bringhurst, KatlynnWalter, JoelBest, Scott
The demand for multi-environmental modes of transportation is driven by the overall trend of increasing mobility and the necessity of movement across various alternating environments (land, water, underwater, aerial, and airspace). However, the specific energy density of hydrocarbon fuels cannot ensure efficient operation of power systems for such multi-environmental vehicles. A promising solution to this problem involves the utilization of boron-containing metallized fuels through the creation of specialized fuel supply systems. Based on a general method of optimization synthesis for technical objects, new fuel supply systems were synthesized with different levels of process control and degrees of automation, as well as an adjustable hybrid fuel delivery system that allows the application of components in varying aggregate states. During testing, operational characteristics were determined primarily for the implemented metallic hybrid transformer fuel delivery system. In our view, it
Dudukalov, YuriTernyuk, MykolaHlushkova, DianaBushnov, ValerySorokin, VolodymyrKholodov, Mykhailo
Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) processes deposit material on all surfaces in a process chamber. Over time, the thickness of these deposits increases to the point that material begins to delaminate, producing gas-phase particulates that negatively impact process yield. Remote and in situ chemical etching processes are used to periodically remove these deposits from chamber walls, maintaining chamber cleanliness
The Icing Research Tunnel at NASA Glenn follows the recommended practice for calibration outlined in SAE’s ARP5905. The calibration team has followed the schedule of a full calibration every five years with a check calibration done every six months following. The liquid water content of the IRT has maintained stability within the stated specifications of variation within +/- 10% of the curve fit equation generated from calibration data. Using past measurements and data trends, IRT characterization engineers wanted to develop methods for the ability to know when data were not within variation. Trends can be observed in the liquid water content measurement process by constructing statistical process control charts. This paper describes data processing procedures for the Multi-Element Sensor in the IRT, including collision efficiency corrections, canonical correlation analysis, process for rejection of data, and construction of control charts. Data are presented to display the control
Timko, EmilyKing-Steen, LauraInsana, Eric
A battery intelligence pioneer will work with a venerable semiconductor yield-improvement firm in a partnership that promises to drastically accelerate the production ramp for the many new EV battery factories on the horizon. Voltaiq, the battery-analysis experts, and PDF Solutions announced the partnership in late March. Tal Sholklapper, Voltaiq's CEO and cofounder, said the EV battery industry is in sore need of help in reducing the manufacturing development cycle, which can take anywhere from four to 10 years from shovels in the ground to output of a consistent, quality product. “The automotive battery industry is really behind.” he said in an interview with SAE Media. “There is a lot of manual analysis and semi-empirical learning going on,” and that slows the discovery of future problems. He said the partnership had the potential to cut battery factory development time in half
Clonts, Chris
Case hardening may be defined as a process for hardening a ferrous material in such a manner that the surface layer, known as the case, is substantially harder than the remaining material, known as the core. The process embraces carburizing, nitriding, carbonitriding, cyaniding, induction, and flame hardening. In every instance, chemical composition, mechanical properties, or both are affected by such practice. This testing procedure describes various methods for measuring the depth to which change has been made in either chemical composition or mechanical properties. Each procedure has its own area of application established through proved practice, and no single method is advocated for all purposes. Methods employed for determining the depth of case are either chemical, mechanical, or visual, and the specimens or parts may be subjected to the described test either in the soft or hardened condition. The measured case depth may then be reported as either effective or total case depth
Metals Technical Committee
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant, air-melted, nickel alloy in the form of investment castings
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Success in metal additive manufacturing (AM) relies on the optimization of a large set of process parameters to achieve materials whose properties and performance meet design and safety requirements. Despite continuous improvements in the process over the years, the quality of AM parts remains a major concern for manufacturers. Today, researchers are starting to move from discrete geometry-dependent build parameters to continuously variable or dynamically changing parameters that are geometry- and scan-path aware. This approach has become known as “feedforward control.” Process Control for Defect Mitigation in Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing discusses the origins of feedforward control, its early implementations in AM, the current state of the art, and a path forward to its broader adoption. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio
King, Wayne
Leveraging the increased use of Structural Adhesive in Automotive Body Structure Design has many proven benefits. It is a well-known method used to enable weight reduction in vehicle design and can also drive more efficient structural performance during dynamic safety events. This is increasingly important as vehicle safety standards increase, and as vehicle mass increases due to electrification. Often the benefits of adhesive use are not fully optimized due to unnecessary design redundancies or process driven redundancies. Design redundancy; using both welds and adhesive, is often included because government safety regulations require very robust validation of structures, and when combined with the use of Process Quality Control methods such as Batch Control and Sampling, can infer confidence in the design and process, but don’t ensure it. This paper proposes a different and unique approach to Product Design and Process Control, which will create an opportunity to eliminate redundancy
Lee, Michael J.
During input tracking, closed-loop performance is strongly influenced by the dynamic of the system under control. Internal and external delays, such as actuation and measurement delays, have a detrimental effect on the bandwidth and stability. Additionally, production controllers are discrete in nature and the sampling time selection is another critical factor to be considered. In this paper we analyze the impact of both transported delay and controller sampling time on tracking performance using an electric machine speed-control problem as an example. A simple linear PI controller is used for this exercise. Furthermore, we show how the PI parameters can be adjusted to maintain a certain level of performance as the delays and sampling times are modified. This is achieved through an optimization algorithm that minimizes a specifically designed cost function
Rostiti, Cristian
This specification and its detail slash specifications cover the requirements for media to be used in controlled shot peening of metal parts
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
This specification covers a fluorocarbon elastomer that can be used to manufacture product in the form of sheet, strip, tubing, extrusions, and molded shapes. For molded rings, molded compression seals, and molded-in-place gaskets for aeronautical and aerospace applications, use the AMS7379 specification
AMS CE Elastomers Committee
Traditional solutions developed for the aerospace industry must overcome challenges posed for automation systems like design, requalification, large manual content, restricted access, and tight tolerances. At the same time, automated systems should avoid the use of dedicated equipment so they can be shared between jigs; moved between floor levels and access either side of the workpiece. This article describes the development of a robotic system for drilling and inspection for small aerostructure manufacturing specifically designed to tackle these requirements. The system comprises three work packages: connection within the digital thread (from concept through to operational metrics including Statistical Process Control), innovative lightweight / low energy drill, and auto tool-change with in-process metrology. The validation tests demonstrating Technology Readiness Level 6 are presented and results are shown and discussed
Holden, RogerPortsmore, AndyCheetham, SimonChacin, MarcoSelby, Oliver
Ford CEO Jim Farley exposed significant product-development lapses during his company's fourth-quarter-2022 earnings call on February 2. Ford's 4Q profit performance was no-excuses dismal. Its causes, he stated, run deep. So, in front of investors and media, Farley boldly lifted Ford's PD skirt to reveal alarming management and process issues behind the dysfunction. The fire had to be lit. “We didn't know that our wiring harness for Mach-E was 1.6 kilometers longer than it needed to be,” Farley stated on the call. “We didn't know it's 70 pounds heavier and that that's [worth] $300 a battery. We didn't know that we underinvested in braking technology to save on the battery size.” Credit to CNN's Chris Isidore for roping these EV-specific details into a Feb. 3 story
Brooke, Lindsay
The scope of this document is related to the particular needs of oxygen equipment with regards to packaging and transportation. The document provides guidance for handling chemical, gaseous and liquid oxygen equipment. It summarizes national and international regulations to be taken into account for transportation on land, sea and air and provides information on classification of hazardous material. The aim of this document is to summarize information on packaging and transportation of oxygen equipment. Statements and references to regulations cited herein are for information only and should not be considered as interpretation of a law. Processes to maintain cleanliness of components and subassemblies during processing and assembly or storage of work-in-progress are outside the scope of this document. Guidance on this can be obtained from ARP1176. Rules for transportation and shipment do not cover oxygen equipment installed in an interior monument, e.g., galley unit or in a fuselage
A-10 Aircraft Oxygen Equipment Committee
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) defines helicopter turboshaft engine power assurance theory and methods. Several inflight power assurance example procedures are presented. These procedures vary from a very simple method used on some normal category civil helicopters, to the more complex methods involving trend monitoring and rolling average techniques. The latter method can be used by small operators but is generally better suited to the larger operator with computerized maintenance record capability
S-12 Powered Lift Propulsion Committee
Gear transmission error (TE) is one of the internal excitation on transmission system vibration and noise. The vibration analytical model of transmission system was constructed by considering the dynamical characteristics of a gear box, which were verified by comparing the modal frequency and mode shapes between simulation results and experiment data. The vibration and radiated noise of transmission was analyzed by the transmission NVH test data. The mechanism of load conditions, TE, and system resonance influence on transmission system vibration and noise are investigated in details. Based on the vibration analysis model, the effects of pitch error, helix tilt deviation, and radial runout error on gear pair meshing characteristics and system vibration response are studied individual. The analysis results show that with the increase of pitch deviation and radial runout error, the harmonic transmission error of gears increase in varying degrees; the large helix tilt deviation not only
Tao, WeiXiaochun, ZengZhisheng, ZhaoYi, WangZheng, GuangzeHuang, Huang Xiupeng
This specification covers a titanium alloy in the form of preforms and parts produced by electron beam-powder bed fusion (EB-PBF) that are subjected to post-deposition hot isostatic press (HIP). Preforms may require subsequent machining or surface finishing to meet requirements for their intended final part application
AMS AM Additive Manufacturing Metals
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) describes a method to measure, track, and characterize the history of powder feedstock when consumed in the production of parts via additive manufacturing (AM). The history captured as part of this ARP includes AM process exposure, feedstock consumption, blending, and losses associated with the totality of the AM workflow. This document also outlines a two-part metric schema for used powder feedstock consequential of its process exposure history. This metric schema also enables aligning risk determination and usage practices for used powder when based on a correlation between tabulated values in the scheme and user-identified metrics. These correlated metrics with schema values may also be used when establishing powder blending workflows or identifying end-of-life for feedstock
AMS AM Additive Manufacturing Metals
This specification covers a corrosion and moderate heat-resistant steel in the form of investment castings
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
This specification covers a corrosion resistant steel in the form of investment castings
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
This specification covers a corrosion resistant steel in the form of investment castings
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
This specification covers the equipment and process requirements for forming or straightening metal parts using Ultrasonically Activated Needle Peening
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
This specification covers an ethylene propylene rubber in the form of molded rings, molded compression seals, molded O-ring cord, and molded-in-place gaskets for aeronautical and aerospace applications
AMS CE Elastomers Committee
This specification establishes the requirements for computer-monitored shot peening of part surfaces by impingement of media, including metallic, glass, or ceramic shot. Computer-monitored peening is intended to provide a method of process observation, traceability, and response for all process input settings, in real time, during the entire peening process to ensure with objective evidence, the desired process outputs. AMS2430 forms an integral part of this specification
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
This specification covers cloth woven from high-modulus, continuous, multifilament yarn
AMS P17 Polymer Matrix Composites Committee
This specification covers procedures for obtaining first-article (preproduction) approval of forgings and the controls to be exercised in producing subsequent production forgings
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
AS81969 covers the general requirements for installing and removal tools for use in installing and removing electrical contacts used in connectors and other electrical and electronic components (see section 6
AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee
The purpose of this specification is to establish requirements of a grinding method and to provide grinding parameters that will eliminate or minimize overheating, cracking, high residual tensile stresses, and/or other metallurgical changes that decrease structural integrity of steel parts or chrome plated steel parts (see 8.3). This standard establishes requirements for low stress grinding of martensitic high strength steel heat-treated to 180 ksi (1241 MPa) minimum ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and above, and requirements for low stress grinding of chromium plating applied to such high strength steel
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
This standard is primarily intended to apply to new parts and products intended to be produced in an on-going production phase, but can also be applied to parts currently in production (e.g., manufacturing, maintenance). The standard is applicable to all production processes that influence the variation of KCs, as well as maintenance and service processes in which KCs are identified. It applies to organizations for assemblies and all levels of parts within an assembly, down to the basic materials including castings and forgings, and to organizations that are responsible for producing the design characteristics of the product. The variation control process begins with product definition, typically stated in the design documentation (e.g., digital model, engineering drawing, specification) which identifies KCs, and leads to a variation management process for those KCs. This process may also be used for producer-identified KCs (e.g., process KCs, additional/substitute product KCs
G-14 Americas Aerospace Quality Standards Committee (AAQSC)
This standard has notes/guidance narratives interspersed throughout. These notes/guidance narratives are identified by a header and by text in italics. This standard defines a series of requirements that results in a specific AM machine qualified to produce material (see GN1) in compliance to an aerospace materials specification. The machine control and/or configuration types are discussed in the next sections. The industry (including AIA and ASTM) generally acknowledges that there are three qualification milestones for AM machines; nevertheless, this document will focus only on the initial two stages, namely: Installation Qualification (IQ): Producing objective evidence to show that all key aspects of the process equipment and ancillary system installation adhere to the AM Part Producer’s specification and that the recommendations of the supplier of the equipment are suitably considered; this is tied to a specific machine serial number. Operational Qualification (OQ): Establishing
AMS AM Additive Manufacturing Metals
This specification covers the engineering requirements for preparing surfaces of both virgin and filled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) materials for bonding and the properties resulting from the treatment
AMS P Polymeric Materials Committee
This specification covers a zinc alloy in the form of die castings
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification covers tools used to install tiedown straps on wire bundles and for installing connector accessory shield termination bands (see 6.1
AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee
This specification establishes the minimum requirements for fused filament fabrication (FFF) feedstock
AMS AM Additive Manufacturing Non-Metallic
This specification covers a low-alloy steel in the form of investment castings
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
This specification covers a low-alloy steel in the form of investment castings
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
This specification covers a low-alloy steel in the form of investment castings
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Items per page:
1 – 50 of 2249