Browse Topic: Joining

Items (4,498)
The development of advanced high-strength steels has become essential in the production of lightweight, safe, and more economical vehicles within the context of the automotive industry. Among the advanced high-strength steels, complex phase steels stand out, characterized by their high formability and high energy absorption and deformation capacity. Laser welding is a technique that applies laser using high energy density as a heat source. It has the advantages that the high welding speed and low heat input compared to other welding methods cause a decrease in deformation, and the narrow width of the weld bead and heat-affected zone allows for the welding of complex parts that would be difficult for other welding methods. Based on a study of a complex phase steel, an analysis was made of the microstructures observed by optical microscopy, the grain boundaries and certain phases contained in this microstructure, as well as the microstructures of each area in the laser welding region
Dias, Erica XimenesReis de Faria Neto, AntonioCastro, Thais SantosMartins, Marcelo SampaioSantos Pereira, Marcelo
In this study, an investigation was conducted on friction stir spot-welded AA7075 aluminum alloy with mild steel. Fusion welding of these two materials presents challenges because of differences in melting points and metallurgical incompatibility. To overcome these challenges, friction stir spot welding was employed for joining these materials. Trial runs were conducted based on a central composite rotatable design matrix, which encompassed four factors at five levels: tool rotational speed, plunge rate, dwell time, and tool diameter ratio. Shear tests were conducted to evaluate the joint strength, and subsequently, an empirical equation was developed via analysis of variance. Notably, a joint fabricated under specific conditions demonstrated exceptional strength, with the highest fracture load of 9.56 kN. These optimal parameters included the tool rotational speed, plunge ratio, dwell time and diameter ratio of 1000 rpm, 4 mm/min, 5 sec and 3.0. This achievement underscores the
Salman, Riyam Abd AlrazaqMohammed, Khidhair JasimRajan, Rajthilak KrishnanSmaisim, Ghassan FadhilSiva Subramanian, R.
One of the most common materials in the fabrication sectors, especially in the auto sector, is Aluminum alloy. Owing to its low strength to weight ratio, it could be a good fit for a number of applications. The cold working procedure may strengthen the 5XXX series Aluminum alloy, which is not heat treatable and it is also challenging to fuse these alloys together using fusion welding processes. In Recent days, a solid-state welding procedure, Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is used to join this alloy. The impact of FSW process parameters on tensile strength of the joint is examined in this study. Based on the outcomes of the experiment, the highest tensile strength is observed at 900 RPM tool rotation, 100 mm/min welding speed, 1.5-degree tilt angle, and 3.0 tool diameter ratio. Superior strength (246 MPa) of this parameter over its competitors can be attributed to the balanced material flow and the formation of finer grains in the weld region
Maram, Sreenivasulu ReddyKumar, M. VinothHariram, V.
This research investigates the impact of friction stir welding (FSW) used to join micro-alloyed steel, on the material and its mechanical characteristics. FSW increases the metallurgical and mechanical qualities of joints made from micro-alloyed steel. However, Friction Stir Welding has produced only modest improvements in connecting steels. Automobile chassis, offshore platforms, oil and gas pipelines, mining, shipbuilding and railroad carriages, pressure vessels, bridges, and storage tanks are just some of the many places and find micro-alloyed steels employed. Frictional heat and tool movement over the joint cause micro defects occurred. Tungsten carbide tools are used in this investigation. Welding shares the same process characteristics, such as the tool's rotating speed (900 rpm) and axial force (10 kN). The table's traverse speed options are available, including 50 mm/min, 60 mm/min, and 70 mm/min. Vickers microhardness testing machines and tensile testing machines are used to
Rajan, C. SakthiKumar, N. MathanKumar, K. VetrivelKannan, S.Soundararajan, S.
The AA2024 aluminum alloy is a precipitate-hardening material renowned for its exceptional strength and corrosion resistance, making it a preferred choice for various applications in industries such as aircraft and automobile manufacturing. However, it is challenging to weld using fusion welding processes due to differences in melting points between the aluminum base material and its oxide layer. Consequently, this often results in issues such as partially melted zones, alloy segregation, and hot cracking. In this investigation, electron beam welding was employed to minimize heat input and prevent the formation of coarse grains in the heat-affected zone. Observations revealed that the joint achieved a maximum strength of 285 MPa, representing 62% of the base material's strength. This improvement in strength can be ascribed to the establishment of fine and recrystallized grains at the weld interface, along with the presence of copper aluminide strengthening precipitates
Rajesh, A.Karthick, S.Mallieswaran, K.Shanmugam, Rajasekaran
Hemming is an incremental joining technique used in the automotive industry, it involves bending the flange of an outer panel over an inner panel to join two sheet metal panels. Different hemming methods are available such as Press die hemming, Table-top hemming and Robot roller hemming. Robot roller hemming is superior to press hemming and tabletop hemming because of its ability to hem complex-shaped parts and is typically used in low-volume automotive production lines. For higher production volumes, such as 120 Jobs per Hour (JPH), press hem or tabletop hem is generally preferred. However, to achieve high-volume production from roller hemming method multi station setup is used. This static multi station setup can be configured into a Turntable setup. This new method eliminates the robot load and unload time at each station in the existing setup, resulting in a 40% increase in hemming robot utilization. Therefore, this process reduces the number of robots and the required floor space
Raju, GokulRoy, AmlanSahu, ShishirPalavelathan, Gowtham RajJagadeesh, NagireddiChava, Seshadri
Modal performance of a vehicle body often influences tactile vibrations felt by passengers as well as their acoustic comfort inside the cabin at low frequencies. This paper focuses on a premium hatchback’s development program where a design-intent initial batch of proto-cars were found to meet their targeted NVH performance. However, tactile vibrations in pre-production pilot batch vehicles were found to be of higher intensity. As a resolution, a method of cascading full vehicle level performance to its Body-In-White (BIW) component level was used to understand dynamic behavior of the vehicle and subsequently, to improve structural weakness of the body to achieve the targeted NVH performance. The cascaded modal performance indicated that global bending stiffness of the pre-production bodies was on the lower side w.r.t. that of the design intent body. To identify the root cause, design sensitivity of number and footprint of weld spots, roof bows’ and headers’ attachment stiffness to BIW
Titave, Uttam VasantZalaki, NitinNaidu, Sudhakara
Spot welds are integral to automotive body construction, influencing vehicle performance and durability. Spot welding ensures structural integrity by creating strong bonds between metal sheets, crucial for maintaining vehicle safety and performance. It is highly compatible with automation, allowing for streamlined production processes and increased efficiency in automotive assembly lines. The number and distribution of spot welds directly impact the vehicle's ability to withstand various loads and stresses, including impacts, vibrations, and torsion. Manufacturers adhere to strict quality control standards to ensure the integrity of spot welds in automotive production. Monitoring spot weld count and weld quality during manufacturing processes through advanced inspection techniques such as Image processing by YOLOv8 helps identify the number of spots and quality that could compromise safety. Automating quality control processes is paramount, and machine vision offers a promising
Kadam, Shubham NarayanDolas, AniketMishra, Jagdish
To meet the corrosion target of automotive vehicles, different coated steel sheets are used in various parts of the body in white (BIW), chassis, and powertrain. Hot dip galvanized (GI) and hot hip galvannealed (GA) are the two most commonly used steel sheets worldwide. Other coatings, such as Zn-Ni, Al-Si, Zn plating, and electro-galvanized zinc coating, are application-specific coatings that are used suitably to meet different performance requirements. To meet the robust corrosion and performance requirements, there is a trend of increasing the use of coated steel sheets in automotive vehicles. While different coated steels have different corrosion performance, they also exhibit different joining and paint adhesion performance. Spot welding is one of the most common technique used for joining automotive parts. Joint strength majorly depends on steel base material grade, chemistry and properties. However, coating on base material also influence joining performance. Major challenge is
Jain, VikasMisal, SwapnaliDeshmukh, MansiPaliwal, Lokesh
A temperature dependent cohesive zone model considering the thermo-mechanical fatigue loadings are used to simulate and predict the failure process of solder joint interface in power electronics modules. Cohesive Zone Models (CZMs) are gaining popularity for modeling the fracture and fatigue behavior in various class of materials such as metals, polymers, ceramics, and their composite materials. Unlike the traditional fracture mechanics which considers concept of infinitesimal crack, CZMs assume a fracture process zone in which external energy is distributed in vicinity to propagating crack. In order to predict the fatigue-fracture process under thermo-mechanical cyclic loading, a damage accumulation variable is utilized. The calculation of damage is performed using a progressive mechanism, and the cohesive zone model is updated to reflect the present level of damage. The existing cohesive forces are influenced by both the current damage status and the extent of separation
Singh, Praveen KumarSahu, AbhishekChirravuri, BhaskaraMiller, Ronald
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of bars, forgings, flash-welded rings, and stock for forging or flash-welded rings
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
ABSTRACT The industrial use of laser powder-bed fusion (L-PBF) in turbomachinery is gaining momentum rendering the inspection and qualification of certain post-processing steps necessary. This includes fusion techniques that allow to print multiple parts separately to take advantage of e.g., various print orientations and join them subsequently. The main motivation of this study is to validate the tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding process of L-PBF manufactured parts using industrial specifications relevant for gas turbines to pave the way for the industrial production of modular build setups. For this, two commonly used nickel-based super alloys for high-temperature applications, Inconel 718 and Inconel 625 are chosen. Since their defect-free printability has been established widely, we focus on the suitability to be joined using TIG welding. The process is evaluated performing microstructural examination and mechanical tests in as built as well as heat-treated samples. The welds are
Geisen, OleBogner, JanGhavampour, EbrahimMüller, VinzenzEissing, Katharina
ABSTRACT Survivability of a welded vehicle hull is directly tied to the performance of the grade of steel armor used. Selecting the highest performing grade of armor that can be welded into a specific location on a vehicle will improve survivability. While rolled homogeneous armor is the simplest to weld, challenges in welding high hard, and especially ultra high hard, are well known. Preventative measures to avoid weld cracking in vehicle structures can lead to increased costs during fabrication. Cracking of welds, both seen and unseen, in deployed vehicles directly impacts the survivability of the vehicle. Weld cracking during deployment further magnifies repair costs and leads to non-mission capable status. This analysis examines the weldability, ballistic/blast performance, and underlying metallurgy of Flash® Processed steels that have been tested by Army, Academia, and Industry. Citation: G. Cola, “Flash® 600 Ultra High Hard: Room-Temp ER120S-1 Weldability Tekken, H-Plate
Cola, Gary M
ABSTRACT This paper reviews research that has been conducted to develop inductively assisted localized hot forming bending technologies, and to use standardized welding tests to assess the practicality and potential benefits of adopting stainless based consumables to weld both existing and evolving armor alloys. For the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V it was determined that warming the plate to circa 600°F would improve the materials ductility (as measured by reduction of area) from ~18 to 40% without exposing the material to a temperature at which atmospheric contamination would be significantly deleterious. For the commercial alloy BB and class 1 armor alloy it was found that there was little effect on the charpy impact toughness and the proof strength as a result of processing at 900 °F with either air cool or water quench and there was an added benefit of lower residual stresses in the finished bends compared to cold formed bends. Heating “alloy BB” to 1600 °F followed by water quench
Lawmon, JohnAlexandrov, BoianDuffey., MatthewNgan., Tiffany
ABSTRACT FeMnAlC alloys exhibit lower density (6.5-7.2 g/cm3) than traditional military steels (7.9 g/cm3) while maintaining similar energy absorption capabilities. Material substitutions in legacy systems must meet existing form/fit/function requirements, limiting opportunities for lightweighting of existing designs. This study examines production and material properties of thick plate with a nominal chemistry of 30% Mn, 9%Al and 1%C, in the wrought condition. Due to the high aluminum and carbon content, there are unique challenges to large scale (45+ ton heat) production versus typical armor steel chemistries. Lab-scale wrought and production material are characterized, comparing microstructure, and mechanical properties. Processing practices including teeming flux and rolling temperature are discussed. The high manganese content of this alloy presents challenges for welding and machining practices, such as limited compatibility of weld wires and substantial work hardening during
Sebeck, KatherineToppler, IanRogers, MattLimmer, KristaCheeseman, BryanHowell, RyanHerman, William
ABSTRACT Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) of entire assemblies is not typically practical for technical and economic reasons. The build size limitations and high production costs of L-PBF make it competitive for smaller, highly complex components, while the less complex elements of an assembly are manufactured conventionally. This leads to scenarios that use L-PBF only where it’s beneficial and requires integration and joining to form the final product. Today the welding process requires complex welding fixtures and tack welds to ensure correct alignment and positioning of parts for repeatable results. In this paper, both L-PBF and milled weld preparations are presented to simplify Tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding of rotationally symmetrical geometries using integrated features for alignment and fixation. All welds produced in this study passed the highest evaluation group B according to DIN 5817. Citation: Ole Geisen, Tad Steinberg, “Microstructure analysis of TIG welded additively
Geisen, OleSteinberg, Tad
ABSTRACT A newly developed structural adhesive demonstrates a unique combination of high strength (43 ± 2 MPa) and displacement (4.7 ± 1.2 mm) in aluminum lap joint testing. Bulk material characterization of the prototype adhesive reveals its extreme ductility, with nearly 80% shear strain before failure and a 2.5-fold increase in strain energy density as compared to commercial structural adhesives. The prototype adhesive is found to maintain 67 to 82% of its initial strength under extreme environmental conditions, including at high temperatures (71°C), after high humidity (63°C hot water soak, 2 weeks), and after corrosive conditions (B117 salt spray, 1000 hours). The prototype structural adhesive is shown to also generate high strength bonds with multiple substrates, including steel, carbon fiber, and mixed material joints, while also providing galvanic isolation
Pollum, MarvinKriley, JosephNakajima, MasaTan, Kar TeanStalker, JeffreyFleischauer, RichardRearick, Brian
ABSTRACT Protection Engineering Consultants (PEC) has performed static and dynamic-pendulum tests on bolted and welded connection sub-assemblies to generate data for development and validation of modeling approaches capable of accurately predicting the behavior of connections exposed to shock loads. The connections consisted of Rolled Homogeneous Armor (RHA) steel plates, Grade 8 bolts, and fillet welds of ER80-S wire, as typically used in armored vehicles. A summary of the forty physical tests on nine connection configurations are provided along with strain gage and Digital Image Correlation (DIC) data. The specimens were designed to have typical failure modes, i.e. bolt shear, plate tear-out, and weld shear fracture. Using these data, high-fidelity numerical models were developed, with exceptionally good comparisons to the experimental data. During the development of the numerical models, crucial modeling parameters were identified and were shown to have significant influence to the
Hadjioannou, MichalisBarsotti, MattSammarco, EricStevens, David
ABSTRACT This paper addresses candidate technologies for attaching steels to selected lightweight materials. Materials of interest here include aluminum and titanium alloys. Metallurgical challenges for the aluminum-to-steel and titanium-to-steel combinations are first described, as well as paths to overcome these challenges. Specific joining approaches incorporating these paths are then outlined with examples for specific processes. For aluminum-to-steel joining, inertia, linear, and friction stir welding are investigated. Key elements of success included rapid thermal cycles and an appropriate topography on the steel surface. For titanium-to-steel joining, successful approaches incorporated thin refractory metal interlayers that prevented intimate contact of the parent metal species. Specific welding methods employed included resistance mash seam and upset welding. In both cases, the process provided both heat for joining and a relatively simple strain path that allowed significant
Gould, Jerry E.Eff, MichaelNamola, Kate
Abstract The United State Army employs several advanced armored combat vehicles, in a wide array of different environments, and applications. Armor steels are hard and are required to meet certain conditions to stay within the military’s specifications for armored steels. Vehicle armor is typically joined using arc welding methods. Joining via arc welding degrades armor material below specification, so alternate joining methods are being explored like Friction Stir Welding (FSW). FSW is a solid-state joining technique that utilizes a rotating pin to stir plasticized material and use a tool shoulder to forge the material into the joint. The advantages come from the reduction in peak temperature, an increase in mechanical performance, and a decrease in possible defects that occur. In this study FSW parameters were developed and used to weld Wrought Homogenous Armor (HRA) steel. The welds were subject to hardness indention, and metallographic analysis to observe an early prediction of
Evans, WilliamRamirez, AntonioMcDonnell, MartinEff, Mike
ABSTRACT The US Army TARDEC has been researching an alternative to current armor steel that is both tough, and light-weight. The studied alloy is based on the Fe-Mn-Al-C system. This study was conducted to investigate and quantify this alloy’s susceptibility to hot cracking phenomena related to casting and welding. Very little research has been done on general weldability of this alloy system, so the results of these tests will be compared to other high Mn steels, and alloys that have undergone cast pin tear testing. Testing will be conducted utilizing button melting tests, autogenous spot welds, and cast pin tear testing. The cast pin tear testing was conducted to measure this alloys susceptibility to weld solidification cracking. The spot welds were used to quantify the susceptibility of the weld heat affected zone (HAZ) to liquation cracking, as well as to observe the solidification structure of the fusion zone. The testing results showed that the FeMnAl system in its current form
Evans, WilliamRamirez, Antonio J.Sebeck, Katherine
ABSTRACT This work presents the development and application of an optimization algorithm for simultaneously improving the fatigue life and minimizing a representative manufacturing cost when assembling a ground combat vehicle. High stress in the occupied space of the weld decreases the fatigue life of the structure; therefore, by minimizing the weld’s exposure to high stresses, the structure’s life can be improved. The new capability for simultaneously improving the fatigue life of a welded structure while reducing a manufacturing cost is demonstrated by considering the welding of a representative panel of a v-hull. Selections are made for the weld placement, the weld type, and the type of filler material, in order to minimize exposure to high stresses and therefore maximize fatigue life. In addition to the stress evaluation, the optimization considers manufacturing cost as another objective in parallel. The final evaluation provides an assembly design to increase the fatigue life and
Mayhood, CarlyVlahopoulos, Nickolas
ABSTRACT Most studies conducted on friction stir welded (FSW) Al alloys are on plates that are 2.5-7 mm thick. However, the U.S. Army utilizes materials that are 25 mm thick and greater for structure and armor. In order to properly apply FSW to Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloys for use in next generation ground vehicles, data must be generated and available for model and simulation databases. One key type of data is the tensile-creep behavior of FSW AA 2139-T8. Creep is the time dependent, plastic deformation of a material under a constant load, usually observed at a constant temperature where T>0.3Tm. The objective of this study is to provide information regarding the tensile-creep behavior of the stir zone in comparison to the heat affected zone (HAZ) through the depth of the weld. The results from this research provide information on the effect of FSW processing on the microstructure and creep behavior. Pre- and post-deformation samples were analyzed via SEM and TEM and the results are discussed
Okeke, UchechiBoehlert, Carl
ABSTRACT Friction stir welding is a solid state joining technique in which no melting of the metals is involved. The technique is very attractive for aluminum alloys due to the low heat input involved in the process, which leads to improved mechanical properties as compared to conventional fusion welds. In this work, different aluminum series alloys were friction stir welded together. The aluminum alloys consisted of a solid solution/strain hardened aluminum alloy 5083-H131, and precipitation strengthened aluminum alloys 2139-T8 and aluminum 7085-T721. The joint combinations were aluminum alloys 5083-H131 to 7085-T721, aluminum alloys 2139-T8 to 7085-T721, and aluminum alloys 5083-H131 to 2139-T8. Their mechanical properties were analyzed and compared to base metal properties. Optical microscopy was used to analyze the grains in the welds. Good mixing of the different aluminum alloys was optically observed in all of the welds, which lead to good joint properties, opening the
Martinez, NelsonMcDonnell, Martin
ABSTRACT Today’s combat vehicle designs are largely constrained by traditional manufacturing processes, such as machining, welding, casting, and forging. Recent advancements in 3D-Printing technology offer tremendous potential to provide economical, optimized components by eliminating fundamental process limitations. The ability to re-design suitable components for 3D-printing has potential to significantly reduce cost, weight, and lead-time in a variety of Defense & Aerospace applications. 3D-printing will not completely replace traditional processes, but instead represents a new tool in our toolbox - from both a design and a manufacturing standpoint
Deters, Jason
ABSTRACT Gas metal arc pulse directed energy deposition (GMA-P DED) offers large-scale additive manufacturing (AM) capabilities and lower cost systems compared to laser or electron beam DED. These advantages position GMA-DED as a promising manufacturing process for widespread industrial adoption. To enable this “digital” manufacturing of a component from a computer-aided design (CAD) file, a computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) solver is necessary to generate build plans and utilize welding parameter sets based on feature and application requirements. Scalable and robot-agnostic computer-aided robotics (CAR) software is therefore essential to provide automated toolpath generation. This work establishes the use of Autodesk PowerMill Ultimate software as a CAM/CAR solution for arc-based DED processes across robot manufacturers. Preferred aluminum GMA-P DED welding parameters were developed for single-pass wide “walls” and multi-pass wide “blocks” that can be configured to build a wide
Canaday, J.Harwig, D.D.Carney, M.
ABSTRACT Lower cost aluminum silicon carbide (Al-SiC) metal matrix composite (MMC) produced by stir-casting is emerging as an important material in cost effectively improving the reliability of high power electronic devices; e.g. electronic (IGBT) baseplates, thermal spreaders & stiffeners for flip-chip microelectronics, and heat slugs or MCPCB base layers for high brightness LEDs. This paper will review the properties and competitive cost of these new Al-SiC materials as well as the ability to tailor the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the Al-SiC to minimize thermal fatigue on solder joints and reduce component distortion. The impact on the final component cost through the use of conventional forming techniques such as (a) rolling sheet followed by stamping, and, (b) die casting, will be described, as will be the opportunity of eliminating a thermal interface material (TIM) layer by integrating the thermal spreader with the heat sink for high power microelectronic packages
Drake, AllenSchuster, DavidSkibo, Michael
ABSTRACT A prescriptive qualification scheme was completed for Arc Directed Energy Deposition (DED) metal Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes for austenitic single-sided builds. Robotic arc DED AM qualification builds used stainless steel consumables with the gas metal arc welding - pulse (GMAW-P) process. A matrix of standard qualification builds were made to develop, evaluate, and recommend the preferred process qualification build schemes. The qualification scheme explored a range of heat inputs, deposit sizes, and deposition rates; and the effects of interpass temperature that can be a limiting productivity factor for robotic arc DED metal AM builds. The standard qualification builds evaluated the effects of thickness (thin and thick geometric build features) where the process deposit (heat input) and process build thermal features (preheat and interpass temperature) are controlled over smaller ranges. The builds were examined with both ultrasonic and radiographic inspection, and
Harwig, D.DMohr, W.Hovanec, S.Rettaliata, J.Hayleck, R.Handler, EFarren, J.
ABSTRACT Supporting Open Architecture is a key to most major automation and control suppliers. In every industry, there is a desire to make a unified control system architecture that can easily integrate control system equipment from multiple suppliers. Whether it is a Navy military application or an industrial application, the needs are almost identical. Some of the keys to providing this transparency among control systems are utilizing an open standard that can pull together communications from multiple suppliers. In this paper, SIEMENS will demonstrate the capabilities of utilizing an open standard, which is PROFINET. By adhering to the PROFINET standards, Open Architecture is achieved at many levels in a naval application. Open Architecture is intended to yield modular, interoperable systems that adhere to open standards with published interfaces. As will be demonstrated by this paper, PROFINET provides these capabilities and more. By implementing PROFINET as the infrastructure for
Cantrell, Wayne
The dissimilar welding of titanium to steel enables the integration of the advantageous properties of both metals, facilitating the design of lightweight, corrosion-resistant, and high-strength multifunctional composite structures. However, significant differences in their thermophysical properties pose substantial technical challenges in practical welding scenarios, necessitating careful selection of process parameters to enhance the quality and performance of the weld joint. This article establishes a support vector machine (SVM) model with laser power, welding speed, and laser spot diameter as independent variables, and the maximum residual stress and minimum yield strength of the weld joint as dependent variables. To improve prediction accuracy, the SVM model is optimized using the beluga whale optimization (BWO) algorithm. Taking the established model as the objective function, the multi-objective salp swarm algorithm (MSSA) is employed to optimize the laser welding process
Zhu, YubinMeng, XiangliZhang, Xinran
This specification covers aluminum and aluminum alloy foil in the form of laminated sheet (see 8.6
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
An industry-first 3D laser-based, computer-vision system can monitor and control the application of adhesive beads as tiny in width as two human hairs. This unique inspection system for electronic assemblies operates at speeds of 400 to 1,000 times per second, considerably quicker and more effective than conventional 2D systems. “Difficulty in precisely dispensing adhesives or sealants, especially in extremely small or complex electronic assemblies, can lead to over-application, under-application, bubbles, or incorrect location of the adhesive bead,” Juergen Dennig, president of Ann Arbor, Michigan-headquartered Coherix, told SAE Media. Improper application of joining material on electronic control units (ECUs) and power control units (PCUs) can result in poor adhesion, material voids and short circuits
Buchholz, Kami
Bemis Manufacturing and BASF collaborated to develop a lighter-weight and lower-cost hydraulic tank for compact excavators that was recognized with a lightweighting award traditionally reserved for automotive innovations. Receiving an honorable mention in the Enabling Technology category of this year's Altair Enlighten Awards, the development team leveraged a combination of injection molding and vibration welding techniques to lower costs by approximately 20% and reduce mass by about 5% compared to the traditional roto-molding process. The solution also is more eco-efficient, delivering both environmental savings (reductions in lifecycle CO2 emissions) and reducing lifecycle costs
Gehm, Ryan
This specification covers a gold-palladium-nickel alloy in the form of wire, rod, sheet, strip, foil, pig, powder, shot, chips, preforms, and a viscous mixture (paste) of the powder in a suitable binder
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
This specification covers an aircraft quality, corrosion- and heat-resistant steel in the form of bars, wire, forgings, mechanical tubing, flash-welded rings, and stock for forging or flash-welded rings
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
The purpose of air conditioning (AC) duct packing is multifaceted, serving to prevent condensation, eliminate rattle noise, and provide thermal insulation. A critical aspect of duct packing is its adhesive quality, which is essential for maintaining the longevity and effectiveness of the packing's functions. Indeed, the challenge of achieving adequate adhesivity on AC ducting parts is significant due to the harsh operating conditions to which these components are subjected. The high temperatures and presence of condensation within the AC system can severely compromise the adhesive's ability to maintain a strong bond. Moreover, the materials used for these parts, such as HDPE, often have low surface energy, which further hinders the formation of a durable adhesive bond. The failure of the adhesive under these conditions can lead to delamination of the duct packing, which can result in customer inconvenience due to rattling noises, potential electrical failures if condensed water
M, Amala RajeshSonkar, SurabhiKumar, Mukesh
Residual thermal energy, a by-product of automobiles, contributes notably to climate change and global warming. This energy is produced as exhaust gases in vehicles with internal combustion engines and as heat from batteries and fuel cells in eco-friendly vehicles. A thermo-electric generator (TEG) can transform this waste heat into useful electrical energy. The efficiency of the TEG is influenced by several factors, including the properties of the materials used, the geometrical design (form factor), and the conditions under which it operates. In this study, we examine how the choice of materials for the semiconductors, electrodes, ceramics, and joining components influences the overall performance of the TEG. We evaluate the TEG’s performance based on output power, and efficiency. The findings from these measurements allow us to determine which material and its properties significantly impact the TEG’s performance. For optimal TEG performance, seek materials with high Seebeck
Ponangi, Babu RaoMutagi, MeghaBali, Gaurav
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of bars, wire, forgings, flash-welded rings, and stock for forging, flash-welded rings, or heading
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel in the form of laminated sheet
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of clad sheet from 0.006 to 0.249 inches (0.15 to 6.32 mm), inclusive, in thickness (see 8.6
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Have you ever gazed at the vastness of the stars and wondered what else your CNC machine can create? Greg Green had the opportunity to find out when he joined the staff at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) in Waimea, Hawaii
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
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