Browse Topic: Drying

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Polypropylene has been the plastic traditionally used in the manufacture of bumpers. Composite materials have been presented as an alternative due to lightness and sustainability. This article presents a composite of polyester resin and jute fiber fabric as an innovative alternative to be studied for the manufacture of automotive bumpers. Composite material was manufactured for characterization. It was used as matrix the terephthalic polyester resin, unsaturated and pre-accelerated, and the catalyst MEK V388 for curing the composite. The chosen reinforcement was the jute fiber fabric. Silicone molds with dimensions according to ASTM 3039 were used to manufacture specimens, and subsequent tensile strength test to determine properties and compare with literature data. The composite with jute fiber reinforcement with alignment 0°/0°/0° was evaluated as viable for the application in car bumpers, having its value of tensile strength surpassed that of the composite reinforced by jute fiber
Dias, Roberto Yuri CostaSoares, Rafael Vilhenade Mendonca Maia, Pedro Victordos Santos, Jose Emilio MedeirosMiranda, Igor Ramon SinimbúJunior, Waldomiro Gomes PaschoalFujiyama, Roberto Tetsuo
This specification covers polythioether rubber fuel-resistant sealing compounds supplied as a two-component system that cures at room temperature
AMS G9 Aerospace Sealing Committee
Water management in PEMFC power generation systems is a key point to guarantee optimal performances and durability. It is known that a poor water management has a direct impact on PEMFC voltage, both in drying and flooding conditions: furthermore, water management entails phenomena from micro-scale, i.e., formation and water transport within membrane, to meso-scale, i.e., water capillary transport inside the GDL, up to the macro-scale, i.e., water droplet formation and removal from the GFC. Water transport mechanisms through the membrane are well known in literature, but typically a high computational burden is requested for their proper simulation. To deal with this issue, the authors have developed an analytical model for the water membrane content simulation as function of stack temperature and current density, for fast on-board monitoring and control purposes, with good fit with literature data. The water flow from the catalyst layer to the GFC through the GDL is modelled
Sicilia, MassimoCervone, DavidePolverino, PierpaoloPianese, Cesare
The art of rubber formulation science always has a scope for fine-tuning with changing the parameters like base polymer grade selection, filler selection, curing system/cross link density, manufacturing methods, and many. Hence forth the filler manufacturer arrived differentiation of the filler already, this paper provides a description of rubber formulation tuning for damped vibration automotive applications. Acicular spiky spherical and hollow spherical nano silica selected as filler. With the thorough knowledge of elastomeric formulation and with doping different new selected silica grades, an optimized DOE was done. New formulation development was focused on isolation characteristics without affecting other necessary properties. The different inputs for finite element calculations was studied with the effects of doping different fillers and also studied the resultant virtual output in damping coefficients. Quad lap shear specimen was used as a standard part in which virtual and
Murugesan, AnnarajanSathaye, Asmita
Ultrasonic Testing (UT) is a typical Non-destructive testing (NDT) method for examining the structural components for aircraft production. Manufacturing aircraft made of fiber metal laminates (FML) includes cascaded steps such as placement of aluminum, glass prepreg, adhesive, doublers, stringers, vacuum bagging and curing in an autoclave. Quality control (QC) is performed first at the layup of the component (without stringers) after curing and the quality assessment is visually evaluated. The manually performed examination of anomalies is very time-consuming. In addition, conducted NDT inspection using a manual UT phased array for Glass Reinforced (GLARE®) FML of A380, it lacked the high capacity of data and additionally an evaluation software
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) describes standard methods of heat application to cure thermosetting resins for commercial aircraft composite repairs. The methods described in this document shall only be used when specified in an approved repair document or with the agreement of the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) or regulatory authority
AMS CACRC Commercial Aircraft Composite Repair Committee
Tyre rubber materials are viscoelastic in nature and generates heat during its operation due to hysteresis loss. Rubber being a poor thermal conductor, heat dissipation is a concern from product durability point of view. Further, during tyre manufacturing, curing is an essential process where heat conduction of rubber materials plays an important role to achieve desirable cure state. Therefore, thermal properties of rubber compounds are important inputs for tyre designing and manufacturing process. With this background, the present work focuses on characterising thermal properties (thermal conductivity, specific heat, thermal diffusivity, etc.) of rubber compounds using a Hot Disc Thermal Conductivity (TPS-2200, Sweden). In this work, new generation fillers, such as carbon nano tube were used in the rubber compounds to improve thermal conduction and thermal properties are compared with conventional carbon black based rubber compound. These new generation fillers are anisotropic in
Sen, AmitGuria, BiswanathChanda, JagannathGhosh, PrasenjitMukhopadhyay, Rabindra
Corrosion in automotive industry is broadly categorized into cosmetic & perforation corrosion. Cosmetic corrosion comprises of superficial red rust which is deleterious to the overall aesthetic appeal of the vehicle but can be rectified. Perforation corrosion involves complete erosion of the panel, compromising structural integrity of the respective part. Perforation corrosion demands part replacement. In order to tackle this menace, automotive OEMs have formulated varied corrosion strategies in terms of selection of appropriate substrate, part design & surface protection scheme. Validation of various corrosion strategies become pivotal during the development phase of various parts and assemblies. Traditionally, Salt Spray Test (SST) has been used to determine corrosion life of materials/parts/assemblies. This test however does not simulate real-world conditions. Another test method, Cyclic Corrosion Test (CCT) with dynamic state conditions, wherein the relative corrosion rates
Kumar, AnimeshBorate, RahulHatwalne, MrunalPonkshe, Shripadraj
This specification covers six types of silicone sealing compounds as either one-part or two-part systems that cure at room temperature
AMS G9 Aerospace Sealing Committee
This specification covers a nitrile (NBR) rubber in the form of sheet, strip, tubing, extrusions, and molded shapes
AMS CE Elastomers Committee
This specification covers two types of electrically conductive, elastomeric polythioether sealing compounds that cure at room temperature. The sealing compound is supplied as either a two-component system or as premixed and frozen
AMS G9 Aerospace Sealing Committee
This specification covers fuel-resistant, two-component polysulfide synthetic rubber compounds which cure at room temperature
AMS G9 Aerospace Sealing Committee
This recommended practice describes the materials, related equipment, and particular processing techniques utilized in process science curing of composite hardware where pressure is imparted specifically to the resin of curing composites. Included as Appendix "A" to this ARP is a discussion of the particular techniques developed for a processing science philosophy which has consistently produced void and porosity-free, large area, thick composite structures
AMS P17 Polymer Matrix Composites Committee
This document describes a standard method to collect and report dielectric data for the purpose of monitoring or studying the cure of composites
AMS P17 Polymer Matrix Composites Committee
This test method can be used to determine the dimensional stability of textile materials and vinyl-coated fabrics when subjected to conditions which cause changes in the moisture content of the materials
Textile and Flexible Plastics Committee
This specification covers polythioether rubber fuel resistant sealing compounds, supplied as a two-component system, which cure rapidly when exposed to a cure on demand (CoD) light source used to initiate a reaction that generates crosslinking of sealant polymers. Type 2 compounds also cure at ambient conditions, without light exposure
AMS G9 Aerospace Sealing Committee
This specification covers two-component polysulfide sealing compounds for quick repair of integral fuel tanks and fuel cell cavities. The sealing compound shall be capable of being cured as low as 20 °F (-7 °C), and be resistant to long term exposures from -65 to 250 °F (-54 to 121 °C
AMS G9 Aerospace Sealing Committee
Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, allows the fast and cost-effective production of complex high-quality components in a range of materials. The rise of this technology has been fast, and it is rapidly altering the manufacturing landscape
Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, allows the fast and cost-effective production of complex high-quality components in a range of materials. The rise of this technology has been fast, and it is rapidly altering the manufacturing landscape. In 2019, the global additive manufacturing market size was valued at $11.58 billion and is predicted to grow at a CAGR (compound annual growth rate) exceeding 14% from 2020 to 2027 (GVR). Additionally, research from Deloitte shows that additive manufacturing is empowering industry 4.0
The development of new components that have a structural commitment and still achieve mass reduction is becoming increasingly complex and sophisticated materials for production for the automotive market for commercial and passenger vehicles. To achieve this level of demand the use of composite materials such as carbon fiber, glass fiber or a compound of the two has become a reality, however the production rate was still considered a problem for medium volume parts (up to one hundred thousand parts per year). The work demonstrates the construction and simulation of a PoC (proof of concept) using these composites in a warm stamp process where the material a thermoset composite plate is preheated to the working temperature, then it is inserted in a tool preheated stamping, remaining closed for a few minutes where the material is consolidated and then the part is extracted already cured without the need for cooling, thus ensuring the projected production tackt compared to the autoclave
RICCI, MARCO TULIO DE RIBEIRODE MELLO, WELLINGTON LOMBARDO NUNESDE LIMA, RAPHAEL BARBOSA CARNEIRODE OLIVEIRA, JOSE ALBERTOPEREIRA, DANIEL ALMEIDAAGUIAR, DIMAS CAMPOS
Conventional adhesives like epoxy that are used to bond plastic, ceramics, and wood are typically designed to cure using moisture, heat, or light. They often require specific curing temperatures, ranging from room temperature up to 80 °C. The curing process is necessary to cross-link and bond the glue with the two secured surfaces as the glue crystallizes and hardens to achieve its final strength
Male pipe threads, including male dryseal pipe threads, when made into assemblies or installed into ports, will generally leak if not covered with a sealant. This SAE Recommended Practice is intended as a guide to assist designers and/or users in the selection and application of various types of thread sealants. The designers and users must make a systematic review of each type and application and then select the sealant to fulfill the requirements of the application. The following are general guidelines and are not necessarily a complete list
Air Brake Tubing and Tube Ftg Committee
This SAE Recommended Practice contains a series of test methods for use in measuring characteristics of automotive-type sealers, adhesives, and deadeners. The test methods which are contained in this document are as follows: ADS-1—Methods of Determining Viscosity ADS-2—Low Temperature Tests ADS-3—Weld-Through Tests ADS-4—Enamel, Lacquer, and Fabric Staining Test ADS-5—Wash-Off Resistance Test ADS-7—Solids Test ADS-8—Flash Point Test ADS-9—Sag and Bridging Tests ADS-10—Flow Test The intent of this document is to provide a series of test methods which can be used in testing the various qualities of sealers, adhesives, and deadener material. In later revisions of this document, attempts will be made to reduce the number of tests now presented. The specific temperatures and times at which some of these tests are to be conducted are not dictated in these test procedures, but they will be found in the material standards which govern each type of material to be tested
Materials, Processes and Parts Council
This SAE Recommended Practice defines a procedure for determining shear strengths of adhesives used for bonding automotive oil metal substrates
Materials, Processes and Parts Council
This SAE Recommended Practice defines a procedure for determining the cleavage strength of an adhesive used for bonding automotive oily metal substrates
Materials, Processes and Parts Council
In lightweight structures with dissimilar metal designs, structural adhesive joining is a potential joining method. Adhesives help in reducing galvanic corrosion by minimizing physical contact between two dissimilar metals. Along with adhesives, fasteners are often used as a secondary joining method to hold the assembly together during adhesive curing. Therefore, a hybrid joint which is a combination of adhesives and mechanical fasteners is potential joining method to join dissimilar metals. However, when two dissimilar metals such as aluminum to steel are joined with hybrid joint by adhesive curing at elevated temperature, the distortion of assembly is observed when cooled at room temperature. This is due to the mismatch between coefficients of thermal expansion of aluminum vs steel. The adhesive may also experience residual stress and fracture. In this study, adhesive curing induced distortion is studied using 1.1 meter-long specimens of aluminum to steel hybrid joint assembly. The
Malvade, IndrajitSubramaniam, SankaranIverson, Bradleynimrick, Doug
The conventional vapor compression refrigeration cycle based air dryers are used widely for the applications of required pressure dew point temperature up to +2~3°C. However, for the industrial and pneumatic applications, the required pressure dew points are as low as -10°C, -30°C or -50°C and also up to -75°C, which is achieved by the adsorption based packed bed desiccant dryers. This paper presents the results of numerical simulation of hybrid packed desiccant beds under coupled heat and mass transfer during the adsorption and desorption phases under wide operating conditions. The bed containing a homogenous mixture of multiple desiccant types along the vertical axial direction has been investigated. A CFD code has been developed using the finite volume method which models the heat conduction and mass diffusion for these hybrid beds. The numerical results of the present model are validated with experimental data from literature and show good agreement for exit air temperature and
Muthu, SelvarajiN, Sekarapandian
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes the surface pretreatment, temperature, and baking time required to cure AS5272 lubricant when it is applied over the surfaces of manufactured parts of various metals
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes the surface pretreatment, temperature, and baking time required to cure AS5272 lubricant when it is applied over the surfaces of manufactured parts of various metals
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
To protect ship equipment of river and sea transport, it is suggested to use polymeric protective coatings based on epoxy diane oligomer ED-20, polyethylene polyamine (PEPA) curing agent and filler, which is a departure from industrial production. Thus the purpose of the work is analysis of major dependency of the properties on the content of fillers that allowed to revealed the critical filler content (furnace black) in composites to form a protective coating with the required set of characteristics. The infrared (IR) spectral analysis was used to investigate the presence of bonds on the surface of particles of the PM-75 furnace black, which allows us to assess the degree of cross-linking of the polymer. The influence of the content of dispersed furnace black on the physicomechanical and thermophysical properties and the structure of the protective coating is investigated. For the formation of the coating with increased adhesive properties, the optimum content of the additive is q
Sapronov, OleksandrBuketov, AndriySapronova, AnnaSotsenko, VitaliiBrailo, MykolaYakushchenko, SerhiiMaruschak, PavloSmetankin, SerhiiKulinich, AndriyKulinich, ViacheslavPoberezhna, Liubov
This SAE Recommended Practice defines the information required to repair the various types of plastics found on modern light-duty highway vehicles. Information is included for the repair and refinishing of most plastic body parts, both interior and exterior. Repair information is described for all commonly used plastics including, but not limited to, polyurethanes, polycarbonate blends, modified polypropylenes, polyethylenes and nylons. Repairs can be made to these types of plastics using two-part (2K) repair adhesives, plastic welding, and other materials available from body shop suppliers. When a new type of plastic is being introduced to the market through a new vehicle program, specific repair and refinishing procedures should be provided, following the format in this document. Sheet-molded compounds (SMC), fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) and carbon fiber reinforced plastics can also be repaired using slightly different procedures and repair materials
Motor Vehicle Council
The scope of this SAE Recommended Practice is to provide a mechanism for the proper surface preparation and selection of adhesive for the attachment of exterior aftermarket accessories
Motor Vehicle Council
Sandwich panels made of Nomex honeycomb core and fiber reinforced face sheets are a major component of aircraft interior parts. A common way to locally increase the strength of such panels, e.g. for load introduction, is the local thickening of the face sheets with additional prepreg layers. Curing of strengthened panels without further processing of the core leads to higher flatness tolerances as well as residual stresses. Machining of the core in the strengthened areas is possible, but expensive due to high machine costs and additional cleaning processes. In this paper a new process for the reduction of the residual stresses in strengthened areas, as well as improved bonding between core and face sheets is presented. The process is based on local reduction of the compressive strength in the surface area of the honeycomb core, which allows for controlled, irreversible deformation at curing pressure. For the reduction of compressive strength, a concept based on a robot guided tool with
Eschen, HenrikSchüppstuhl, Thorsten
This procedure describes a method of measuring the resistance to wet color transfer of materials such as textiles, leather, and composites
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This specification covers polythioether rubber fuel resistant sealing compounds supplied as a two-component system which cures at room temperature
AMS G9 Aerospace Sealing Committee
This specification establishes the engineering requirements for producing thin coatings of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) resin on parts and the properties of such coatings
AMS P Polymeric Materials Committee
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