Browse Topic: Planning / scheduling

Items (1,121)
Accurate traffic flow prediction plays a crucial role in modern transportation management systems, enabling extensive applications ranging from congestion warning to optimized route planning. While current approaches have achieved progress in specific areas, they continue to face challenges such as multi-scale dynamics and constrained spatiotemporal modeling capacity. Addressing these limitations, we introduce a innovative model termed the Spatial-Temporal Fusion Convolution Transformer (STFCT). This framework integrates periodic patterns and traffic characteristics via adaptive spatiotemporal embeddings to produce a unified representation capturing both spatial and temporal relationships. Our architecture incorporates a gating mechanism for dynamic spatiotemporal integration, along with a temporal convolution component to simultaneously capture both short- and medium-term patterns. Experimental results from three different traffic datasets reveal STFCT’s advantages over competing
Zhou, JunhaoLiu, TingJiang, Yangwei
With the rapid development of e-commerce, the logistics industry also presents new features such as multi-level, integrated upstream-downstream operations, increasingly perfect service quality and low logistics costs. The exponential growth in online transactions and consumer expectations for faster, more reliable deliveries intensifies the pressure on logistics systems. The last-mile service network refers to the logistics nodes that have direct contact with consumers, and its geographical location and quantity will directly affect the service level, cost and customer service mode of the distribution network. However, with the rapid growth in the number of online shoppers and their imbalance on the Internet, these factors have gradually become an important basis for influencing the layout of terminal outlets. This imbalance, coupled with dynamic urban traffic conditions, renders traditional distribution planning methods inadequate. Therefore, in the e-commerce environment, how to
Tong, TongGu, XuefeiLi, Lingxiao
We present a novel processing approach to extract a ship traffic flow framework in order to cope with problems such as large volume, high noise levels and complexity spatio-temporal nature of AIS data. We preprocess AIS data using covariance matrix-based abnormal data filtering, develop improved Douglas-Peucker (DP) algorithm for multi-granularity trajectory compression, identify navigation hotspots and intersections using density-based spatial clustering and visualize chart overlays using Mercator projection. In experiments with AIS data from the Laotieshan waters in the Bohai Bay, we achieve compression rate up to 97% while maintaining a key trajectory feature retention error less than 0.15 nautical miles. We identify critical areas such as waterway intersections and generate traffic flow heatmap for maritime management, route planning, etc.
Kong, XiangyuShao, Guoyu
Aiming at the problem of efficiency loss caused by the independent optimization of traditional vehicle - cargo matching and route planning, this paper proposes a spatio - temporal collaborative optimization model. By constructing three - dimensional decision variables to describe the “vehicle - cargo - route” mapping relationship, a multi - objective mixed - integer programming model considering transportation costs, time - window constraints, and carbon emissions is established. An improved NSGA - II algorithm is designed to solve the Pareto optimal solution set, and the TOPSIS method is combined to achieve scheme optimization. Experiments show that the collaborative optimization model reduces the comprehensive cost by an average of 12.7% and the vehicle empty - running rate by 18.4% compared with the traditional two - stage method.
Yang, MeiruLiu, Jian
This paper introduces a comprehensive solution for predictive maintenance, utilizing statistical data and analytics. The proposed Service Planner feature offers customers real-time insights into the health of machine or vehicle parts and their replacement schedules. By referencing data from service stations and manufacturer advisories, the Service Planner assesses the current health and estimated lifespan of parts based on metrics such as days, engine hours, kilometers, and statistical data. This approach integrates predictive analytics, cost estimation, and service planning to reduce unplanned downtime and improve maintenance budgeting, aligning with SAE expectations for review-ready manuscripts. The user interface displays current part health, replacement due dates, and estimated replacement costs. For example, if air filter replacement is recommended every six months, the solution uses manufacturer advisories to estimate the remaining life of the air filter in terms of days or
Chaudhari, Hemant Ashok
Large farms cultivating forage crops for the dairy and livestock sectors require high-quality, dense bales with substantial nutritional value. The storage of hay becomes essential during the colder winter months when grass growth and field conditions are unsuitable for animal grazing. Bale weight serves as a critical parameter for assessing field yields, managing inventory, and facilitating fair trade within the industry. The agricultural sector increasingly demands innovative solutions to enhance efficiency and productivity while minimizing the overhead costs associated with advanced systems. Recent weighing system solutions rely heavily on load cells mounted inside baling machines, adding extra costs, complexity and weight to the equipment. This paper addresses the need to mitigate these issues by implementing an advanced model-based weighing system that operates without the use of load cells, specifically designed for round baler machines. The weighing solution utilizes mathematical
Kadam, Pankaj
Cargo Routing Problem or Container Allocation Problem is key decision-making challenge in the maritime industry at operational level. Existing research focus on static environment or planning decisions, ignoring the dynamic arrival property of shipping request in practical world. In this paper, we introduced the Online Cargo Routing problem and formulation the path-based models under a space-time network. We proposed an online algorithm under the online primal-dual scheme: re-solving strategy. We further conducted simulation experiments under different demand distributions to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm over the offline baselines.
Xu, XiaoweiGong, LinXiang, XiLiu, Xin
With the escalating rate of urbanization in China, the urban construction sector is encountering numerous challenges, including issues such as traffic congestion and environmental pollution. To enhance traffic efficiency and offer planning guidance for urban development, this study focuses on the fully or partial opening of community entrances. VISSIM is utilized to examine the community opening and simulate the internal road network, while also employing the SPSS data analysis tool for supplementary analysis. The objective of this method is to compare and analyze the traffic conditions and environmental impact of the community before and after its opening with different automobiles. Through the establishment of a comprehensive evaluation system, the study calculates and analyzes the average vehicle speed, noise levels, energy consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions before and after the opening of the community. Finally, several recommendations are proposed to enhance community
Li, MengyuanZhuo, ChenxuXiong, SiminXu, Lihao
Accurately predicting passenger flow in urban rail transit is of critical importance for ensuring operational safety, enhancing efficiency, and optimizing costs. To enhance the accuracy of metro passenger flow prediction, this study proposes a passenger flow prediction model based on the Transformer deep learning framework. It is conducted using Automatic Fare Collection (AFC) data from Shanghai Metro Line 5. In addition, clustering algorithms are employed to perform cluster analysis on the stations. Finally, the accuracy and practicality of the Transformer-based model for metro passenger flow prediction are validated through comparative experiments. This model is capable of predicting future passenger flow in rail transit with minute-level precision, thereby assisting subway operators in enhancing train scheduling. It helps in the prevention of resource wastage and facilitates the rational planning of departure frequencies and shifts to accommodate variations in passenger flow during
Liu, QichangWan, Heng
The high rate of structural changes to the North American Light Vehicle market demands a new approach by the supply base towards strategic planning. A new Supplier Strategy Playbook is in order. First, some historical perspective. For the last several decades, suppliers grew accustomed to a product cadence of approximately five years between all-new platforms and major revisions. In North America, we were constantly pressed to continue improving vehicle efficiency and reduce emissions. Improved powertrain efficiency, vehicle lightweighting, and the advent of enhanced aerodynamics helped an industry that required constant innovation. Additionally, many programs were global in scope, requiring production and tooling in the major regions to launch in close sequence with global scale in tow. Wash, Rinse, Repeat. The textbook for suppliers was complex, though relatively predictable.
The early stages of product planning and concepting in advanced engineering domains are often hampered by high uncertainty, fragmented decision-making, and unstructured data. Traditional planning methodologies routinely lead to misalignment, inefficient risk assessments, and suboptimal product strategies. To address these challenges, we propose an AI-agentic decision intelligence (DI) framework that leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) to enhance decision-making in product planning and concept development. The proposed framework uses the transformative natural language processing capabilities and comprehensive knowledge of LLMs to capture and refine stakeholder intent, improve stakeholder engagement, and optimize workflow orchestration. Implementation of the framework is facilitated by state-of-the-art and rapidly evolving open-source tools, ensuring scalability and readiness for corporate environments. By enhancing decision confidence, adaptability, and automation, the framework
Murat, AlperChinnam, Ratna BabuRana, SatyendraRapp, Stephen H.Hansen, KurtRichman, Todd A.Bechtel, James E.
Employment of Robotic and Autonomous Systems requires a different paradigm of mission planning, one which considers not only the tasks to be performed by the RAS themselves but regards the flow of information to support the observability of the RAS by the operator. GTRI has developed an initial capability for mission planning of mixed motive, heterogeneous, autonomous systems for management of macro level metrics that support the decision making of the operator or user during employment. The work is ongoing, extensible to additional capability sets, and modular to support integration of other autonomous capabilities.
Spratley, MichaelSchooley, AndrewDickerhoff, Trey
September is unofficially known in the industry as a key forecasting month. It's when several suppliers lock in their revenue forecasts for the next year. As we approach 2026, there are still several balls in the air with respect to the trajectory of the light vehicle market. Looming U.S. tariffs, negative economic and geo-political shifts, and the impact of changes to U.S. vehicle emission legislation have all brought with them a cloud of uncertainty that hovers over the industry. An industry that requires greater planning clarity, not less. Let's start with the tariffs. As of this writing, the major vehicle and parts importers outside of North America have agreed to 15% U.S. tariffs for vehicles and parts. In the case of Japan and the European Union, this is 12.5 percentage points higher than 2024 levels. In the case of South Korea, it's 15 points more, as there was a free trade agreement in force. While these framework agreements drive some level of certainty, the final details
The automotive industry faces the challenge of developing vehicles that meet current customer needs while being future-proof. Surveys conducted for this study show that customers are concerned about the financial risks of essential components such as energy storage systems, mainly due to aging and performance degradation, which significantly affect vehicle lifespans. Based on vehicle developer surveys, a clear need for action was identified. Given the rapid technological advancements in electrified drive systems, there is a need for innovative approaches that can easily adapt to changing requirements. Therefore, this paper presents a strategy combining foresight-based planning of system upgrades with product architecture design to create adaptable and sustainable vehicles through modularity. First, dynamic subsystem characteristics are identified to establish future energy storage technology requirements. Subsequently, future energy storage system technologies are examined to determine
Fehrenbacher, RüdigerKuebler, MaximilianZeng, YunyingBause, KatharinaAlbers, AlbertNootny, FabioKolbe, LuciaJung, Luca
The decoupling of software from hardware in automotive systems, driven by the rising share of software in modern vehicles, has introduced a paradigm shift, enabling various software configurations on identical hardware platforms. Consequently, ensuring the correct functionality and reliability of the electric and electronic hardware components, testing and commissioning processes in the vehicle production have grown in importance and complexity. However, the efficiency of these processes relies on diverse datasets, for example parameterization data that allows tailored testing based on the vehicle’s equipment configuration. Therefore, the availability and accuracy of this data need to be guaranteed. Data for testing and commissioning, influenced by the digitization of production processes and their planning, is not only facing the challenges of greater software volumes and faster update cycles, but also those arising from legacy processes or the integration of various IT systems into
El Asad, AimanKöhler, KatjaHahn, MichaelReuss, Hans-Christian
Trajectory planning is a major challenge in robotics and autonomous vehicles, ensuring both efficient and safe navigation. The primary objective of this work is to generate an optimal trajectory connecting a starting point to a destination while meeting specific requirements, such as minimizing travel distance and adhering to the vehicle’s kinematic and dynamic constraints. The developed algorithms for trajectory design, defined as a sequence of arcs and straight segments, offer a significant advantage due to their low computational complexity, making them well-suited for real-time applications in autonomous navigation. The proposed trajectory model serves as a benchmark for comparing actual vehicle paths in trajectory control studies. Simulation results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method across various scenarios.
Soundouss, HalimaMsaaf, MohammedBelmajdoub, Fouad
Industries that require high-accuracy automation in the creation of high-mix/low-volume parts, such as aerospace, often face cost constraints with traditional robotics and machine tools due to the need for many pre-programmed tool paths, dedicated part fixtures, and rigid production flow. This paper presents a new machine learning (ML) based vision mapping and planning technique, created to enhance flexibility and efficiency in robotic operations, while reducing overall costs. The system is capable of mapping discrete process targets in the robot work envelope that the ML algorithms have been trained to identify, without requiring knowledge of the overall assembly. Using a 2D camera, images are taken from multiple robot positions across the work area and are used in the ML algorithm to detect, identify, and predict the 6D pose of each target. The algorithm uses the poses and target identifications to automatically develop a part program with efficient tool paths, including
Langan, DanielHall, MichaelGoldberg, EmilySchrandt, Sasha
In single-aisle aircraft, the available storage space for carry-on baggage is inherently limited. When the aircraft is fully booked, it often results in insufficient overhead bin space, necessitating last-minute gate-checking of carry-on items. Such disruptions contribute to delays in the boarding process and reduce operational efficiency. A promising approach to mitigate this issue involves the integration of computer vision technologies with an appropriate data storage system and stochastic simulation to enable accurate and supportive predictions that enhance planning, reduce uncertainty, and improve the overall boarding process. In this work, the YOLOv8 image recognition algorithm is used to identify and classify each passenger’s carry-on baggage into predefined categories, such as handbags, backpacks, and suitcases. This classified data is then linked to passenger information stored in a NoSQL database MongoDB, which includes seat assignments and the number of carry-on items
Bergmann, JacquelineHub, Maximilian
Dedicated lanes provide a simpler operating environment for ADS-equipped vehicles than those shared with other roadway users including human drivers, pedestrians, and bicycles. This final report in the Automation and Infrastructure series discusses how and when various types of lanes whether general purpose, managed, or specialty lanes might be temporarily or permanently reserved for ADS-equipped vehicles. Though simulations and economic analysis suggest that widespread use of dedicated lanes will not be warranted until market penetration is much higher, some US states and cities are developing such dedicated lanes now for limited use cases and other countries are planning more extensive deployment of dedicated lanes. Automated Vehicles and Infrastructure: Dedicated Lanes includes a review of practices across the US as well as case studies from the EU and UK, the Near East, Japan, Singapore, and Canada. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
Coyner, KelleyBittner, Jason
Topology reasoning plays a crucial role in understanding complex driving scenarios and facilitating downstream planning, yet the process of perception is inevitably affected by weather, traffic obstacles and worn lane markings on road surface. Combine pre-produced High-definition maps (HDMaps), and other type of map information to the perception network can effectively enhance perception robustness, but this on-line fused information often requires a real-time connection to website servers. We are exploring the possibility to compress the information of offline maps into a network model and integrate it with the existing perception model. We designed a topology prediction module based on graph attention neural network and an information fusion module based on ensemble learning. The module, which was pre-trained on offline high-precision map data, when used online, inputs the structured road element information output by the existing perception module to output the road topology, and
Kuang, QuanyuRui, ZhangZhang, SongYixuan, Gao
To ensure the safety and stability of road traffic, autonomous vehicles must proactively avoid collisions with traffic participants when driving on public roads. Collision avoidance refers to the process by which autonomous vehicles detect and avoid static and dynamic obstacles on the road, ensuring safe navigation in complex traffic environments. To achieve effective obstacle avoidance, this paper proposes a CL-infoRRT planning algorithm. CL-infoRRT consists of two parts. The first part is the informed RRT algorithm for structured roads, which is used to plan the reference path for obstacle avoidance. The second part is a closed-loop simulation module that incorporates vehicle kinematics to smooth the planned obstacle avoidance reference path, resulting in an executable obstacle avoidance trajectory. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, four static obstacle test scenarios and four RRT comparison algorithms were designed. The implementation results show that all five
Wu, WeiLu, JunZeng, DequanYang, JinwenHu, YimingYu, QinWang, Xiaoliang
The slope and curvature of spiral ramps in underground parking garages change continuously, and often lacks of predefined map information. Traditional planning algorithms is difficult to ensure safety and real-time performance for autonomous vehicles entering and exiting underground parking garages. Therefore, this study proposed the Model Predictive Path Integral (MPPI) method, focusing on solving motion planning problems in underground parking garages without predefined map information. This sample-based method to allows simultaneous online autonomous vehicle planning and tracking while not relying on predefined map information,along with adjusting the driving path accordingly. Key path points in the spiral ramp environment were defined by curvature, where reducing the dimensionality of the sampling space and optimizing the computational efficiency of sampled trajectories within the MPPI framework. This ensured the safety and computational speed of the improved MPPI method in motion
Liu, ZuyangShen, YanhuaWang, Kaidi
Aiming at the problem of insufficient capacity of taxiways in hub airports, which combine the safety interval, conflict resolution and fair principles, a taxiway planning model is established by taking the shortest taxiway as the optimisation goal, considering fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. Dijkstra algorithm is used to transform the taxiing path into an adjacency matrix, and conflict resolution is carried out in a weighted way. Under the premise of ensuring zero conflict of taxiways, the total taxiing distance is reduced. Based on actual operational data from a hub airport in China, the results show that the proposed taxiing path planning method is feasible, shortening the aircraft taxiing distance and improving the surface taxiing efficiency.
Feng, BochengQi, XinyueZhang, Hongbin
The automotive industry is facing unprecedented pressure to reduce costs without compromising on quality and performance, particularly in the design and manufacturing. This paper provides a technical review of the multifaceted challenges involved in achieving cost efficiency while maintaining financial viability, functional integrity, and market competitiveness. Financial viability stands as a primary obstacle in cost reduction projects. The demand for innovative products needs to be balanced with the need for affordable materials while maintaining structural integrity. Suppliers’ cost structures, raw material fluctuations, and production volumes must be considered on the way to obtain optimal costs. Functional aspects lead to another layer of complexity, once changes in design or materials should not compromise safety, durability, or performance. Rigorous testing and simulation tools are indispensable to validate changes in the manufacturing process. Marketing considerations are also
Oliveira Neto, Raimundo ArraisSouza, Camila Gomes PeçanhaBrito, Luis Roberto BonfimGuimarães, Georges Louis Nogueira
Single lane changing is one of the typical scenarios in vehicle driving. Planning an appropriate lane change trajectory is crucial in autonomous and semi-autonomous vehicle research. Existing polynomial trajectory planning mostly uses cubic or quintic polynomials, neglecting the lateral jerk constraints during lane changes. This study uses seventh-degree polynomials for lane change trajectory planning by considering the vehicle lateral jerk constraints. Simulation results show that the utilization of the seventh-degree method results in a 41% reduction in jerk compared to the fifth-degree polynomial. Furthermore, this study also proposes lane change trajectory schemes that can cater to different driving styles (e.g., safety, efficiency, comfort, and balanced performance). Depending on the driving style, the planned lane change trajectory ensures that the vehicle achieves optimal performance in one or more aspects during the lane change process. For example, with the trajectory that
Lai, FeiHuang, Chaoqun
The planning of mountain campus bus routes needs to take into account user demand, convenience, and other factors. This study adopts a comprehensive research method that combines quantitative and qualitative viewpoints. From the perspective of university students, this article studies the demand of campus public transportation and proposes the layout of campus bus routes in mountainous universities to meet the needs of users. The psychological needs questionnaire was used to investigate college students’ expectation of bus station service function. Taking three mountain universities as examples, the integration and selectivity of campus road networks are evaluated by using space syntax analysis, which provides valuable insights into the quality of bus stop areas. This article discusses the correlation between psychological needs assessment of college students and objective conditions of campus road network. The study concludes with the following findings: (1) The pedestrian environment
Duan, RanTang, RuiWang, ZhigangZhao, YixueWang, QidaYang, JiyiSu, Jiafu
From a mission operations perspective, swarms pose a planning challenge due to the limited scalability of ground operations. The capabilities needed to support swarm missions go beyond operator-specified geometry, alignment, or separation, but also crosslink communication with maintaining position in the formation. To address scalable control of orbital dynamics, NASA Ames Research Center has patented Swarm Orbital Dynamics Advisor (SODA) — a solution that accepts high-level configuration commands and provides the orbital maneuvers needed to achieve the desired type of swarm relative motion.
The impact of the upcoming U.S. federal election, global trade turmoil, a mediocre U.S. economy and the slumping ICE-to-EV (internal combustion engine to electric vehicle) transition must be considered. In my last column, we explored the growing use of scenarios to provide guardrails for future strategy. Suppliers can no longer rely upon a single forecast to drive future planning. The main culprits clouding the planning environment are program delays, rescopes and EV strategy shifts accompanied by the extension of ICE/hybrid models. The trajectory of EV launches and new offerings is decidedly ahead of the skis of consumer acceptance. This supply-and-demand mismatch is an ongoing challenge. It is important to understand the severity of program changes amid this slowing EV growth environment.
Bringing a construction project from planning on the page to execution in the real world is replete with challenges. Whether a company is building a sprawling solar farm or laying lines on the road, precision is paramount. Misfires of just a few inches can have massive implications, and that often leads to a plodding layout process. But, in partnership with Point One, Civ Robotics is ensuring that precise construction layouts won’t be at odds with efficiency.
Humans are generally good at whole-body manipulation, but robots struggle with such tasks. Now, MIT researchers have found a way to simplify this process, known as contact-rich manipulation planning. They use an AI technique called smoothing, which summarizes many contact events into a smaller number of decisions, to enable even a simple algorithm to quickly identify an effective manipulation plan for the robot.
Lane change obstacle avoidance is a common driving scenario for autonomous vehicles. However, existing methods for lane change obstacle avoidance in vehicles decouple path and velocity planning, neglecting the coupling relationship between the path and velocity. Additionally, these methods often do not sufficiently consider the lane change behaviors characteristic of human drivers. In response to these challenges, this paper innovatively applies the Dynamic Movement Primitives (DMPs) algorithm to vehicle trajectory planning and proposes a real-time trajectory planning method that integrates DMPs and Artificial Potential Fields (APFs) algorithm (DMP-Fs) for lane change obstacle avoidance, enabling rapid coordinated planning of both path and velocity. The DMPs algorithm is based on the lane change trajectories of human drivers. Therefore, this paper first collected lane change trajectory samples from on-road vehicle experiments. Second, the DMPs parameters are learned from the lane
Liang, KaichongZhao, ZhiguoYan, DanshuLi, Wenchang
Autonomous driving in real-world urban traffic must cope with dynamic environments. This presents a challenging decision-making problem, e.g. deciding when to perform an overtaking maneuver or how to safely merge into traffic. The traditional autonomous driving algorithm framework decouples prediction and decision-making, which means that the decision-making and planning tasks will be carried out after the prediction task is over. The disadvantage of this approach is that it does not consider the possible impact of ego vehicle decisions on the future states of other agents. In this article, a decision-making and planning method which considers longitudinal interaction is represented. The method’s architecture is mainly composed of the following parts: trajectory sampling, forward simulation, trajectory scoring and trajectory selection. For trajectory sampling, a lattice planner is used to sample three-dimensionally in both the time horizon and the space horizon. Three sampling modes
Chen, JiaqiWu, JianYK, Shi
The SAE AutoDrive Challenge II is a four-year collegiate competition dedicated to developing a Level 4 autonomous vehicle by 2025. In January 2023, the participating teams each received a Chevy Bolt EUV. Within a span of five months, the second phase of the competition took place in Ann Arbor, MI. The authors of this contribution, who participated in this event as team Wisconsin Autonomous representing the University of Wisconsin–Madison, secured second place in static events and third place in dynamic events. This has been accomplished by reducing reliance on the actual vehicle platform and instead leveraging physical analogs and simulation. This paper outlines the software and hardware infrastructure of the competing vehicle, touching on issues pertaining sensors, hardware, and the software architecture employed on the autonomous vehicle. We discuss the LiDAR-camera fusion approach for object detection and the three-tier route planning and following systems. One of the defining
Ashokkumar, SriramJayendra, AnirudhTobin, SamLeykin, ArielStegeman, RobertDashora, AbhirajLook, BryanKoenig, JosephHu, BrianCrooks, MasonMahajan, IshaanBoopathy, PravinKrishnakumar, MukundBatagoda, NevinduWang, HanYoung, AaronFreire, VictorBower, GlennXu, XiangruNegrut, Dan
With the development of internet technology and autonomous vehicles (AVs), the multimodal transportation and distribution model based on AVs will be a typical application paradigm in the smart city scenario. Before AVs carry out logistics distribution, it is necessary to plan a reasonable distribution path based on each customer point, and this is also known as Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP). Unlike traditional VRP, the urban logistics distribution process based on multimodal transportation mode will use a set of different types of AVs, mainly including autonomous ground vehicles and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). It is worth pointing out that there is currently no research on combining the planning of AVs distribution paths with the trajectory planning of UAVs. To address this issue, this article establishes a bilevel programming model. The upper-level model aims to plan the optimal delivery plan for AVs, while the lower-level model aims to plan a driving trajectory for UAVs
Ma, ShiziWang, ShengMa, ZhitaoQI, Zhiguo
The optimization of speed holds critical significance for pure electric vehicles. In multi-intersection scenarios, the determination of terminal velocity plays a crucial role in addressing the complexities of the speed optimization problem. However, prevailing methodologies documented in the literature predominantly adhere to a fixed speed constraint derived from traffic light regulations, serving as the primary basis for the terminal velocity constraint. Nevertheless, this strategy can result in unnecessary acceleration and deceleration maneuvers, consequently leading to an undesirable escalation in energy consumption. To mitigate these issues and attain an optimal terminal velocity, this paper proposes an innovative speed optimization method that incorporates a terminal-velocity heuristic. Firstly, a traffic light state model is established to determine the speed range required to avoid coming to a stop at signalized intersections. Subsequently, by addressing the effect of vehicle
Hao, ZhengyiZhang, ZeyangJiang, YuyaoChu, HongqingGao, BingzhaoChen, Hong
In the field of autonomous driving trajectory planning, it’s virtual to ensure real-time planning while guaranteeing feasibility and robustness. Current widely adopted approaches include decoupling path planning and velocity planning based on optimization method, which can’t always yield optimal solutions, especially in complex dynamic scenarios. Furthermore, search-based and sampling-based solutions encounter limitations due to their low resolution and high computational costs. This paper presents a novel spatio-temporal trajectory planning approach that integrates both search-based planning and optimization-based planning method. This approach retains the advantages of search-based method, allowing for the identification of a global optimal solution through search. To address the challenge posed by the non-convex nature of the original solution space, we introduce a spatio-temporal semantic corridor structure, which constructs a convex feasible set for the problem. Trajectory
Zhong, LiangLu, ChanggangWu, Jian
This article presents a case study that was conducted at a renowned Danish manufacturing company that desired to employ AGVs (automated-guided vehicles) in one of its production facilities. The main goal was to create an AGV (automated-guided vehicle) system that is well synchronized with the manufacturing facility so that intralogistics problems are avoided during manufacturing activities. AGV routing and scheduling, loading, and waiting periods, battery management, and failure management were all considered when developing the AGV logic. As a result, it was confirmed that the AGV system in place can support a production system to meet pulse time requirements. A hierarchically structured discrete event simulation model was created to examine the logic of AGVs and the interplay between AGVs and manufacturing operations. The simulation study confirmed that AGV implementation will not affect the production system's ability to meet the set pulse time requirements. Furthermore, the
Raza, MohsinBilberg, ArneIlev, Dimitar-Delyan
Autonomous vehicles require the collaborative operation of multiple modules during their journey, and enhancing tracking performance is a key focus in the field of planning and control. To address this challenge, we propose a cooperative control strategy, which is designed based on the integration of model predictive control (MPC) and a dual proportional–integral–derivative approach, referred to as collaborative control of MPC and double PID (CMDP for short in this article).The CMDP controller accomplishes the execution of actions based on information from perception and planning modules. For lateral control, the MPC algorithm is employed, transforming the MPC’s optimal problem into a standard quadratic programming problem. Simultaneously, a fuzzy control is designed to achieve adaptive changes in the constraint values for steering angles. In longitudinal control, a dual control strategy comprising position-type PID and velocity-type PID is used, decoupling lateral and longitudinal
Huang, BinMa, LiutaoYang, NuorongMa, MinruiWei, Xiaoxu
For decades, there has been a tug-of-war between many suppliers and their vehicle-manufacturer customers with respect to future planning volumes. The stakes are significant. Using volumes that are too high drives an extreme capital commitment and risk suppliers to stranded capital and missed opportunities to employ resources elsewhere. Using volumes that are too low means the OEM may miss potential sales and the supplier would be stressed with extreme overtime to keep up. It is a never-ending balance. OEMs often use internally built ‘Capacity Planning Volumes’ (CPVs) to ensure they capacitize to both their annual and peak volume expectations. These volumes are used as the divisor to understand per-part costs and how tooling, machines, infrastructure and other capitalized items are amortized over the life of the program. Suppliers often utilize third-party views such as the S&P Global Mobility Light Vehicle Production Forecasts to gain an impartial perspective of market dynamics, as
The driving risk field model offers a feasible approach for assessing driving risks and planning safe trajectory in complex traffic scenarios. However, the conventional risk field fails to account for the vehicle size and acceleration, results in the same trajectories are generated when facing different vehicle types and unable to make safe decisions in emergency situations. Therefore, this paper firstly introduces the acceleration and vehicle size of surrounding vehicles for improving the driving risk model. Then, an integrated decision-making and planning model is proposed based on the combination of the novelty risk field and model predictive control (MPC), in which driving risk and vehicle dynamics constraints are taken into consideration. Finally, the multiple driving scenarios are designed and analyzed for validate the proposed model. The results demonstrate that the proposed decision-making and planning method exhibits superior performance in addressing discrepancies related to
Li, PenghaoHu, WenDeng, YuanwangZhang, Pingyi
Aiming at the problem of weak communication, strong interference, cross-domain, and large-scale environment, it is difficult to achieve efficient decision-making and planning in the collaborative operation of intelligent groups. Based on the SOM algorithm, this paper proposes a dual-selection allocation and distributed vectorized trajectory planning. Form a collaborative planning algorithm that can be updated with high frequency and a rational decision-making mechanism. Provide technical support for collaborative search and detection of intelligent groups. At the same time, based on the principle of minimum consistency, this paper proposes a clock synchronization model under spatial coordination and conducts simulation experiments to verify it. The result proves the efficiency and practicability of the collaborative intelligent decision-making plan proposed in this paper.
Zhang, XueWei, Zhaoyu
This paper examines the concurrent scheduling of machines and tools with machines in a multi-machine flexible manufacturing system (FMS) with the aim of minimizing the makespan in automobile manufacturing industry. Due to the high cost of tools in FMS, each type of tool has only one duplicate in circulation. To reduce the cost of duplicating tools on each machine, a central tool magazine (CTM) is used to store and share tools among several machines. The main challenge in this scenario is to allocate machines from alternate machines and tools to job operations in a way that minimizes the make span. To address this problem, the article proposes a mixed nonlinear integer programming formulation and a Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA). The results show that the FPA outperforms existing algorithms and using alternate machines for operations can reduce the make span. Therefore, this paper suggests that the FPA-based approach can be effectively utilized in real-world FMS applications
Mareddy, Padma LalithaVakucherla, VenkateshKatta, Lakshmi NarasimhamuSiva Rami Reddy, Narapureddy
The lack of institutional capacity and coordination, outdated rules and regulations, poorly perceived implementation of motorization policy, and knee-jerk approaches for transportation planning are the challenges to progress toward sustainable transportation in Lahore, Pakistan. This study evaluates the current potential of transport departments of Lahore, Pakistan toward a sustainable urban transportation system. The Benchmarking and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) approaches have been used to analyze both primary data from the relevant stakeholders through a questionnaire survey and secondary data obtained from the reports (e.g., Barella et al. [1]) and official websites. The results show that the qualitative assessment of transport departments in terms of quantitative data (internal evaluation factor) is equal to 1.712 on a scale of 4.0, which means that the current potential of transport departments has not yet grasped even the minimum requirements of achieving sustainability in
Abbas, ZaheerAziz, AmerHameed, Rizwan
Motion planning for autonomous vehicles remains challenging, especially in environments with multiple vehicles and high speeds. Autonomous racing offers an opportunity to develop algorithms that can deal with such situations and adds the requirement of following race rules. We propose a hybrid local planning approach capable of generating rule-compliant trajectories at the dynamic limits for multi-vehicle oval racing. The planning method is based on a spatiotemporal graph, which is searched in a two-step process to exploit the dynamic limits on the one hand and achieve a long planning horizon on the other. We introduce a soft-checking procedure that can handle cases where no collision-free, feasible, or rule-compliant solutions are found to restore an admissible state as quickly as possible. We also present a state machine explicitly designed for fully autonomous operation on a racetrack, acting on a higher level of the planning algorithm. It contains the interface to a race control
Ögretmen, LeventRowold, MatthiasBetz, TobiasLangmann, AlexanderLohmann, Boris
Autonomous vehicle navigation requires signal processing of the vehicle’s sensors to provide meaningful information to the planners such that challenging artifacts like shadows, rare events, obstructive vegetation, etc. are identified properly, avoiding ill-informed navigation. Using a single algorithm such as semantic segmentation of camera images is often not enough to identify those challenging features but can be overcome by processing more than one type of sensor and fusing their results. In this work, semantic segmentation of camera image and LiDAR point cloud signals is performed using Echo State Networks to overcome the challenge of shadows identified as obstructions in off-road terrains. The coordination of algorithms processing multiple sensor signals is shown to avoid unnecessary road obstructions caused by high-contrast shadows for more informed navigational planning.
Gardner, S. D.Hoxie, D.Bowen, N.Misko, S.Haider, M. R.Smereka, J.Jayakumar, P.Vantsevich, V.
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