Browse Topic: Disaster and emergency management

Items (350)
Recent advancements in electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft and the broader advanced air mobility (AAM) movement have generated significant interest within and beyond the traditional aviation industry. Many new applications have been identified and are under development, with considerable potential for market growth and exciting potential. However, talent resources are the most critical parameters to make or break the AAM vision, and significantly more talent is needed than the traditional aviation industry is able to currently generate. One possible solution—leverage rapid advancements of artificial intelligence (AI) technology and the gaming industry to help attract, identify, educate, and encourage current and future generations to engage in various aspects of the AAM industry. Beyond Aviation: Embedded Gaming, Artificial Intelligence, Training, and Recruitment for the Advanced Air Mobility Industry discusses how the modern gaming population of 3.3 million
Doo, Johnny
As vehicles adopt software-centric architectures, assessing vehicle software behavior becomes more complex, which can lead to the exploitation of overlooked or untreated vulnerabilities. Using these backdoors, attacks frequently targeted automotive products for malicious reasons. Automotive security incident management involves continuous monitoring of incidents and vulnerabilities. However, it faces challenges in reproducing attacks and revalidating security goals. The lack of visualization of attack scenarios, and vectors, and the knowledge required to replicate attacks hinders vulnerability assessment. The proposed approach aims to improve vulnerability assessment and document residual risks. It promotes replicating attack scenarios using cyber digital twins to support threat modeling, risk assessment, and threat analysis. The research paper focuses on utilizing digital twins for cybersecurity incident response, threat monitoring, and vulnerability exploitation by examining elastic
Venkatachalapathy, Sreenikethana
ABSTRACT Geotechnical site characterization is the process of collecting geophysical and geospatial characteristics about the surface and subsurface to create a 3-dimensional (3D) model. Current Robot Operating System (ROS) world models are designed primarily for navigation in unknown environments; however, they do not store the geotechnical characteristics requisite for environmental assessment, archaeology, construction engineering, or disaster response. The automotive industry is researching High Definition (HD) Maps, which contain more information and are currently being used by autonomous vehicles for ground truth localization, but they are static and primarily used for navigation in highly regulated infrastructure. Modern site characterization and HD mapping methods involve survey engineers working on-site followed by lengthy post processing. This research addresses the shortcomings for current world models and site characterization by introducing Site Model Geospatial System
Richards, Matthew E.Murphy, Kevin F.Toledo, Israel LopezSoylemezoglu, Ahmet
In the context of insufficient international management experience, this study combines the current situation of Chinese aviation and the characteristics of unmanned aircraft (UA) operation, adopts the specific operations risk assessment (SORA) method, and conducts in-depth research on the trial operation risks of UA in urban low-altitude logistics scenarios, conducting effective evaluations and project practices. This study starts from two dimensions of ground risk and air risk, determines the boundaries required for safe operation of UA, and improves the robustness level of UA operation through ground risk mitigation measures and air risk mitigation measures. At the same time, a series of compliance verification methods are provided to meet 24 operational safety objectives (OSO) (including design characteristics, operational limitations, performance standards, safety characteristics, communication requirements, emergency response plans, etc.), ensuring that UA operation does not pose
Li, LiLiu, WeiweiFu, Jinhua
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force across various industries, revolutionizing processes and enhancing efficiency. In the automotive domain, AI's adaption has ushered in a new era of innovation and driving advancements across manufacturing, safety, and user experience. By leveraging AI technologies, the automotive industry is undergoing a significant transformation that is reshaping the way vehicles are manufactured, operated, and experienced. The benefits of AI-powered vehicles are not limited to their manufacturing, operation, and enhancing the user experience but also by integrating AI-powered vehicles with smart city infrastructure can unlock much more potential of the technology and can offer numerous advantages such as enhanced safety, efficiency, growth, and sustainability. Smart cities aim to create more livable, resilient, and inclusive communities by harnessing innovation through technologies like Internet of Things (IoT), devices, data
Shrimal, Harsh
Researchers from Stanford and the American University of Beirut have developed a lightweight, portable antenna that can communicate with satellites and devices on the ground, making it easier to coordinate rescue and relief efforts in disaster-prone areas. Stanford University, Stanford, California When an earthquake, flood, or other disaster strikes a region, existing communication infrastructure such as cell phone and radio towers are often damaged or destroyed. Restoring emergency communications as quickly as possible is vital for coordinating rescue and relief efforts. Researchers at Stanford University and the American University of Beirut (AUB) have developed a portable antenna that could be quickly deployed in disaster-prone areas or used to set up communications in underdeveloped regions. The antenna, described recently in Nature Communications, packs down to a small size and can easily shift between two configurations to communicate either with satellites or devices on the
When an earthquake, flood, or other disaster strikes a region, existing communication infrastructure such as cell phone and radio towers are often damaged or destroyed. Restoring emergency communications as quickly as possible is vital for coordinating rescue and relief efforts
This AS provides the minimum performance requirements for the following types of inflatable emergency evacuation devices (hereinafter referred to as device[s]): 1 Type I - Inflatable Slide: A device suitable for assisting occupants in descending from a floor-level airplane exit or from an airplane wing to the ground. A Type I off-wing slide is a device that does not include a ramp. 2 Type II - Inflatable Slide/Raft: A device suitable for assisting occupants in descending from a floor-level airplane exit or an airplane wing to the ground that is also designed to be used as a life raft. A Type II off-wing slide/raft is a device that does not include a ramp. 3 Type III - Inflatable Exit Ramp: A device suitable for assisting occupants in descending from certain overwing exits to an airplane wing. 4 Type IV - Inflatable Ramp/Slide: A device suitable for assisting occupants from an overwing exit or airplane wing to the ground. It is a combination ramp and wing-to-ground device. 5 Type V
S-9A Safety Equipment and Survival Systems Committee
After hurricanes and other disasters, it is becoming more common for people to fly drones to record the damage and post videos on social media. Those videos are a resource for rapid damage assessment. By using artificial intelligence, researchers are developing a system that can automatically identify buildings and make an initial determination of whether they are damaged and how serious that damage might be
For wealthy countries like Switzerland, having a dense network of earthquake monitoring stations is a matter of course. This is not the case in less developed countries and on the floor of the world’s oceans. While poorer regions lack the money for the necessary number of sensors, the oceans require complex systems that can reliably measure minimal pressure changes at depths of thousands of meters and bring the data signals to the surface
An oil spill refers to the accidental or deliberate release of petroleum or other petroleum-based products into the environment. These spills can occur on land or in water bodies, such as oceans, rivers, or lakes, and can have devastating impacts on the environment, wildlife, and human health. Oil spills can harm aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems by contaminating water and soil, and by affecting the food chain. They can also cause economic losses, such as the loss of fisheries, tourism, and property values. Cleaning up oil spills can be a difficult and expensive process, and the effectiveness of the response can depend on various factors, such as the type and amount of oil spilled, weather conditions, and proximity to sensitive ecosystems. Preventing oil spills is critical to minimizing their impacts. This can be achieved through measures such as regular maintenance of oil transport and storage facilities, the use of double- hulled tankers, and the implementation of emergency response
Kumar, V SudhirR, BalamuruganPasupuleti, ThejasreeNatarajan, Manikandan
This paper presents a simulation study of hydrogen leakage from an onboard hydrogen supply system in open, closed, and semi-closed spaces. The simulations investigate the effects of environmental factors and conditions such as obstacles on the diffusion process of hydrogen leaks. The results show that when hydrogen gas leaks, the direction of the leak determines the potential risk. If the leak is directed toward the cab, the gas will accumulate in the gap between the cab and the hydrogen supply system, posing a significant risk to the driver. On the other hand, if hydrogen leaks toward the rear, a combustible cloud forms mainly behind the vehicle at a safe distance of 3.8 meters. The study also investigated the effects of wind speed, wind direction, and ambient temperature. It was found that headwinds can cause hydrogen to spread near the vehicle, increasing the risk of an accident. The paper also investigates the effect of obstacles that inhibit the horizontal diffusion of hydrogen
Zhang, YongtaoYu, JiangbinYang, ZirongHao, DongZhang, Xin
Advanced technology plays a vital role in search and rescue operations after natural disasters such as earthquakes. Thermal imaging equipment and sensitive listening devices are deployed to seek out signs of life. Small aerial drones could also survey otherwise inaccessible spaces, but the inherent fragility of current designs have limited their use
Thousands die or are injured each year in automobile crashes. Reducing the number of these tragedies requires reframing our approach to vehicle- and human-based transportation mobility and depends on whether the mobility industry and individual human drivers take a more aggressive approach to saving lives and preventing injuries. Bringing automated driving systems technologies into the advanced driver assist systems (ADAS) and connected vehicle space will help humans drive more safely and better prepare us for automated vehicles (AVs). Reducing Human Driver Error and Setting Realistic Expectations with Advanced Driver Assistance Systems discusses the recent Partnership for Analytics Research in Traffic Safety report which shows that ADAS can indeed work. The path forward requires combining ADAS and ADS implementation with infrastructure engineering, law enforcement, education, emergency response, and public policy, with the goal of reaching zero deaths and serious injuries. It also
Chalmers, Seth
This document provides guidance for in-flight rest facilities provided for use by cabin crew on commercial transport airplane. This document is applicable to dedicated cabin crew rest facilities with rigid walls. The facility includes a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat sleeping position, is located in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the crew member to control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
As fossil fuels are phased out in the effort to slow global warming, we will be depending upon a reliable source of electric power more than ever. And that means blackouts caused by weather events such as hurricanes, tornadoes, and snowstorms will have increasingly serious consequences
A research team at the University of Central Florida has developed technology that could prevent electric vehicle fires, like those caused by saltwater flooding from Hurricane Ian
To make sure our buildings and infrastructure are earthquake-safe, we must understand how seismic activity affects different structures. Two major research efforts funded by the Department of Energy (DOE) seek to fill in the gaps and provide resources for researchers and engineers to study earthquakes across scales, from the initiation of seismic waves at the fault rupture site deep underground, to the interactions between shaking soil and individual structures at the surface
Innovators at the NASA Langley Research Center have developed the Multi-Layer Nuclear Thermionic Avalanche Cell (NTAC), a novel electrical generator, which transforms nuclear gamma-ray photon energy directly to electric power by liberating intra-band atomic inner shell electrons
Motorcyclists are about 29 times more likely than passenger vehicle occupants to die in a motor vehicle crash and are 4 times more likely to be injured. Safe motorcycling takes balance, co-ordination, and good judgement. As per NHTSA, per 100,000 registered vehicles motorcycle fatality and injury rate stand at 58.33 and 975 and that of passenger vehicles stand at 9.42 and 1152. With such rates of fatality and injury of motorcyclists, there is strong need for motorcycle solutions that help to minimize traffic fatalities and improve road safety scenarios. Helmets are estimated to be 37% effective in preventing fatal injuries to motorcycle riders and 41% for motorcycle passengers but there is little to no post-crash assistance available on board the motorcycles. Post-crash emergency response is time sensitive and can be broken down into a subset of activities beginning with discovery of crash, notification, and activation of emergency medical service (EMS), response time, on-scene time
Rao, Aditya NNotani, VipulMuralidharan, Vishal
Data is information that has been recorded in a form or format convenient to move or process. It is important to distinguish between data and the format. The format is a structured way to record information, such as engineering drawings and other documents, software, pictures, maps, sound, and animation. Some formats are open source, others proprietary. Regardless of the format, there are three broad types of data. Table 1 lists these types of data and provides examples. DM, from the perspective of this standard, consists of the disciplined processes and systems utilized to plan for, acquire, and provide management and oversight for product and product-related business data, consistent with requirements, throughout the product and data life cycles. Thus, this standard primarily addresses product data and the business data required for stakeholder collaboration extending through the supply chain during product acquisition and sustainment life cycle. This standard has broader application
EIDM Enterprise Information and Data Management
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) specifies criteria for the design, development, standardization, and comprehension testing of placards containing pictures, drawings, symbols, and/or written instructions for locating and operating aircraft emergency equipment. This ARP also provides guidance in the selection and implementation of warning placards intended to instruct occupants inside, and rescue personnel outside, the aircraft
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice recommends general criteria for the development and installation of an aircraft emergency signal system to permit any crew member (flight or cabin) to inform all other crew members that an emergency evacuation situation exists and that an evacuation has been or should be immediately started
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
Coastal and riverine shorelines are dynamic landscapes that change continually in response to environmental forces. The combination of static infrastructure with dynamic and diverse landscapes creates management challenges for navigation, storm damage reduction, and ecosystem health that are exacerbated during natural disasters. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) flood risk management (FRM) mission strives to reduce the nation's flood risk and increase resilience to disasters. FRM is inherently interdisciplinary, requiring accurate identification of environmental, physical, and infrastructure features that can reduce risk from flood and coastal storm disasters
Road traffic injuries continue to be a leading cause of death around the world. Rapid emergency response is a key factor in improving occupant outcomes. Over the past ten years, Injury Severity Prediction (ISP) models have been developed and deployed to assist in effective dispatch of emergency medical services (EMS). Prior versions of ISP have relied on driver-based scenarios that are not relevant in many of the possible autonomous vehicle (AV) contexts. This paper describes the development and validation of occupant-based ISP models that predict injury severity for specific vehicle seat positions. Models show improved predictive performance, sensitivity 80% and specificity over 95%, for front row occupants. Second row occupant models have similar specificity, but sensitivity scores dropped due to occupant heterogeneity and small sample sizes of seriously injured occupants
H. Owen, SusanW. Joyner, JeffreyZhang, PengC. Wang, Stewart
Scientists have developed color-changing, flexible photonic crystals that could be used to develop sensors that warn when an earthquake might strike next. The wearable, robust, and low-cost sensors can respond sensitively to light, temperature, strain, or other physical and chemical stimuli, making them a promising option for cost-effective smart visual sensing applications in a range of sectors including healthcare and food safety
Conventional forensic analyses of collision avoidance behaviours involve assigning a perception and response time (PRT) interval to a driver which precedes the onset of evasive action. This approach relies on the investigator identifying a ‘time zero’ for when to begin the PRT interval, which nominally aligns with the first moment of hazard detection. However, depending on the incident circumstances, identifying the initial moment of hazard detection poses challenges. Recent research has shown the potential of an alternative method of forensic analysis that is based on the relationship between response onset and the projected time-to-impact (TTI). Accordingly, the aim of this research is to further investigate this relationship. Twenty subjects viewed driver-perspective recordings of a simulated vehicle travelling down a major roadway past several two-way stop-controlled minor roads. At various intersections, intruding vehicles entered from the left or right. These intruders were
Erazo, FabianCampbell, Adam
This document contains information that can be used by the air transportation industry to evaluate the design of airplane interior stairways with respect to the safety of passengers and crew in normal operating conditions and emergency evacuations
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides guidance for the design and location of cabin crew stations, including emergency equipment installations at or near such stations, so as to enable the cabin crew to function effectively in emergency situations, including emergency evacuations. Recommendations regarding design of cabin crew stations apply to all such stations; recommendations regarding location apply to those stations located near or adjacent to floor level exits
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
A recent virtual panel discussion reminded me that we ought not forget the propulsion workhorse of our industries: the good ol' diesel engine. It's sometimes easy to forget in the avalanche of EV and fuel-cell developments - quite a few detailed in this very issue - that combustion engines will continue to power the majority of on- and off-highway vehicles at least for the next decade. To further improve ICE efficiency during this powertrain-diversification process, engineers and R&D departments still are plugging away (pardon the pun) at engine and fuel advancements. “For most of the sectors of the construction industry, diesel is the technology of choice particularly for the largest construction machines and equipment,” said Allen Schaeffer, executive director of the Diesel Technology Forum, which hosted the virtual event with industry leaders. “Diesel is still evolving, and it will continue to do so in the future with even lower emissions and greater efficiency
Gehm, Ryan
Recent advancements of electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft have generated significant interest within and beyond the traditional aviation industry, and many new and novel applications have been identified and are under development. One promising application is rapid response during natural disasters, which can complement current capabilities to help save lives and enhance post-disaster recoveries. The Use of eVTOL Aircraft During Natural Disasters presents issues that need to be addressed before eVTOL aircraft are integrated into natural disaster response operations: eVTOL vehicle development Detect-and-avoid capabilities in complex and challenging operating environments Autonomous and remote operations Charging system compatibility and availability Operator and controller training Dynamic air space management Vehicle/fleet logistics and support Acceptance from stakeholders and the public Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio
Doo, Johnny
This document contains general criteria for the planning, design, and construction of military and commercial ground based aviation fueling facilities that receive, store, distribute, and dispense liquid aviation turbine fuels at airports to both fixed and rotary wing aircraft
AE-5C Aviation Ground Fueling Systems Committee
The 2020 Atlantic hurricane season was one of the most brutal on record, producing an unprecedented 30 named storms. What’s more, a record-tying 10 of those storms were characterized as rapidly intensifying — some throttling up by 100 miles per hour in under two days
This standard defines the minimum requirement for the design, construction and performance of continuous flow oxygen masks for crew and passengers of general aviation civil aircraft
A-10 Aircraft Oxygen Equipment Committee
This aerospace standard (AS) defines the requirements of portable protective breathing equipment for use during smoke/fire conditions on board an aircraft
A-10 Aircraft Oxygen Equipment Committee
Acoustical studies of atmospheric events like convective storms, tornadoes, shear-induced turbulence, micro-bursts, acoustic gravity waves, and hurricanes over the past 50 years have established that these events are strong emitters of infrasound. Current methods to forecast near-term weather phenomenon is electromagnetic (EM)-based radar and data from radiosondes
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides information and recommended guidelines for handling carry-on baggage prior to emergencies and during the emergency evacuation of transport category aircraft. Recommendations are provided on limiting the size, amount, and weight of carry-on baggage brought into the cabin, improved stowage of carry-on baggage to minimize hazards to passengers in flight and during emergency evacuations, and procedures to ensure carry-on baggage is not removed during an emergency evacuation
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) recommends general criteria for availability, location, accessibility, stowage, use, and crew member training needed for aircraft crash axes
S-9A Safety Equipment and Survival Systems Committee
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