In the context of insufficient international management experience, this study
combines the current situation of Chinese aviation and the characteristics of
unmanned aircraft (UA) operation, adopts the specific operations risk assessment
(SORA) method, and conducts in-depth research on the trial operation risks of UA
in urban low-altitude logistics scenarios, conducting effective evaluations and
project practices. This study starts from two dimensions of ground risk and air
risk, determines the boundaries required for safe operation of UA, and improves
the robustness level of UA operation through ground risk mitigation measures and
air risk mitigation measures. At the same time, a series of compliance
verification methods are provided to meet 24 operational safety objectives (OSO)
(including design characteristics, operational limitations, performance
standards, safety characteristics, communication requirements, emergency
response plans, etc.), ensuring that UA operation does not pose unacceptable
risks to personnel, property, or the environment.In addition, the results of
this study provide an evaluation tool for regulatory agencies, operators, and
relevant third parties to determine the confidence level of low-altitude
operation of UA in cities, evaluate the possibility of safe operation, and
provide scientific basis for the healthy development of the UA industry.
This study selects Shenzhen, a typical urban residential environment, to carry
out a beyond visual line-of-sight (BVLOS) UA logistics project. Through the
operation practice of fixed routes, valuable experience and data have been
accumulated. Not only did it directly test the operational capability of UA in
complex urban airspace, but it also explored service modes for safe and
effective integration in high population density areas. Through the practical
experience of urban logistics UA risk assessment projects, this study help
operators comprehensively examine the trial operation model, accurately identify
key risk factors, better understand and manage potential risks, and
fundamentally improve operational safety. At the same time, the application of
assessment methods also assists regulatory agencies in formulating scientific
and reasonable regulatory policies, balancing the safe operation of UA and the
development of low-altitude economy, providing reference cases for urban air
traffic management.