Browse Topic: Smoke detection

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Cabin Crew Rest FacilitiesARP6503A (Current)5/17/2023
This document provides guidance for in-flight rest facilities provided for use by cabin crew on commercial transport airplane. This document is applicable to dedicated cabin crew rest facilities with rigid walls. The facility includes a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat sleeping position, is located in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the crew member to control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
Analysis of the safety of air transport passengers in an accident with the presence of smokeSAE-PP-0020911/19/2021
The evacuation time of passengers is very important in an airplane accident in which fire or toxic fumes are produced. This article presents the result of the research on safety of air transport passengers in an accident with the presence of smoke. The situation of vulnerability in which the survivors find themselves and the special conditions of the environment are explained. The different deficiencies found in evacuation times are exposed and possible solutions are presented. A reduction in evacuation times are obtained and as a consequence a reduction in fatalities.
Diaz, Maria, Isasi, Fernando
Fire Resistant Container Design, Performance, and Testing RequirementsAS8992 (Current)10/27/2020
This Aerospace Standard (AS) specifies the minimum design and performance criteria and testing methods of passive fire resistant containers (FRCs) used either: a In those cargo compartments of civil transport aircraft where they constitute one means of complying with applicable airworthiness regulations, or b On a voluntary basis, when deemed appropriate by operators to improve fire protection in aircraft cargo compartments where airworthiness regulations do not mandate their use.
AGE-2 Air Cargo
Cabin Crew Rest FacilitiesARP6503 (Historical)3/23/2018
This document provides guidance for in-flight rest facilities provided for use by cabin crew on commercial transport airplane. This document is applicable to dedicated cabin crew rest facilities with rigid walls. The facility includes a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat sleeping position, is located in an area that is temperature-controlled, allows the crew member to control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance.
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
Personal Annunciation Device (PAD)TBMG-271837/1/2017
Many industrial and commercial plants, government and private research facilities, and industrial facilities perform potentially dangerous processes. Automated warning and alarm systems alert personnel to dangerous or abnormal conditions inside or near a plant so the personnel may take prompt protective action such as evacuation, co-location, or shelter in place. Such automated systems include simple fire and smoke detectors that detect the presence of fire or smoke and immediately activate a connected, audible alarm confined to a specific area of a plant. Many systems include a central hub for receiving detection signals from detectors located throughout a plant. In some systems, the central hub also is connected to a network of alarms including audible alarms — both siren-like and information-based — and visual alarms, including flashing emergency lights and textual-based information screens.
Safety Considerations - Smoking in Lavatories of Transport AircraftARP4740A (Current)2/24/2016
This ARP addresses the issue of passengers smoking in aircraft lavatories and the need to improve warnings about the danger of fire caused by smoking.
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
Safety Instructions for Sight-Impaired PassengersARP5446A (Current)4/14/2014
These recommendations are provided to aid the international air transport industry by identifying a standard, minimum amount of safety instructions that should be given to sight-impaired passengers. This document is not meant to address problems associated with communicating safety information to sight-impaired passengers who are also hearing impaired or non-conversant in the language(s) used by the cabin crew to disseminate general safety information to passengers. Aircraft operators are encouraged to customize the safety instructions for their own operations in order to ensure that required safety information is provided to sight-impaired passengers.
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
Assessment of Low Levels of Particulate Matter Exhaust Emissions Using Low-Cost Ionization-Type Smoke Detectors2013-24-01689/8/2013
Traditional smoke opacity measurement, performed on diesel engines during regular emissions inspections, sensitive primarily to larger particles of elemental carbon, is very little sensitive to nanoparticles and to semi-volatile “organic carbon” particles. For this reason, it no longer suffices as a high emitter detection tool for modern vehicles with a particle filter or for advanced low-emissions technology where semi-volatile organic particles are the dominant fraction of particulate matter. This paper investigates the potential of common low-cost ionization type smoke detectors, produced in mass quantities for fire detection in buildings, as a tool to measure particle emissions in vehicular exhaust. Two ionization chambers were used to measure both raw and diluted exhaust of various engines powered by diesel fuel and biofuels under laboratory conditions as well as on the road. Laboratory results suggest that the ionization chamber signal correlates best to total particle length, with correlation to number and mass dependent on particle size distribution. Particle filter regeneration events were clearly discerned from the ionization chamber readings. With detection limits on the order of 0.1 mg/m3 and 106 particles/cm3 in raw exhaust, the method appears to be sufficiently sensitive for inspection of vehicles equipped with particle filters and for preliminary measurements of particle emissions from modern engines.
Vojtisek-Lom, Michal
Crew Rest Container for Main Deck or Lower DeckARP4769B (Current)1/3/2013
This document provides information about regulations and gives recommendation for the design of ULD - type main deck and lower deck mobile crew rest containers to be transported in aircraft equipped with a Class II restraint system as defined by NAS 3610.
AGE-2 Air Cargo
437-1 Guidelines For Training FacilitiesARINC437-1 (Current)11/7/2012
The purpose of ARINC Report 437 is to provide guidance when planning a new training facility, extending an existing training facility, or adding new equipment to an existing facility.
Flight Simulator Engineering and Maintenance Committee
Rugged, Portable, Real-Time Optical Gaseous Analyzer for Hydrogen FluorideTBMG-1483210/1/2012
Hydrogen fluoride (HF) is a primary evolved combustion product of fluorinated and perfluorinated hydrocarbons. HF is produced during combustion by the presence of impurities and hydrogen-containing polymers including polyimides. This effect is especially dangerous in closed occupied volumes like spacecraft and submarines. In these systems, combinations of perfluorinated hydrocarbons and polyimides are used for insulating wiring. HF is both highly toxic and short-lived in closed environments due to its reactivity. The high reactivity also makes HF sampling problematic.
Advanced Fire Detector for Space ApplicationsTBMG-139106/1/2012
A document discusses an optical carbon monoxide sensor for early fire detection. During the sensor development, a concept was implemented to allow reliable carbon monoxide detection in the presence of interfering absorption signals.
Lavatory Smoke DetectorsARP4001B (Current)5/25/2012
The purpose of this SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is to describe key features that should be incorporated in the lavatory smoke detector system. Consideration has been given to existing requirements of the FAA and to recommendations of aircraft operators and manufacturers. This document is deliberately not specific in all areas in order to maximize the freedom to use state-of-the-art design and manufacturing technologies. Safe, reliable, and effective lavatory smoke detectors remain the primary goal of the document.
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
Dr. Adrian Ponce, Deputy Manager, Planetary Science Section, Jet Propulsion LaboratoryTBMG-80866/1/2010
Dr. Adrian Ponce joined JPL/NASA as a postdoctoral scholar in 2000 after receiving a Ph.D. in chemistry from Caltech. In 2002 he invented the Anthrax Smoke Detector, a device capable of detecting the presence of anthrax in less than fifteen minutes. He recently developed a new technology called Germinable Endospore Biodosimetry, which not only rapidly detects the presence of bacterial spores on spacecraft but also determines whether they are alive or dead. Dr. Ponce currently serves as Deputy Manager of NASA JPL’s Planetary Science Section, and heads up the Ponce Research Group, an interdisciplinary team made up of researchers from JPL and California Institute of Technology.
Safety Considerations — Smoking in Lavatories of Transport AircraftARP4740 (Historical)11/2/2009
This ARP addresses the issue of passengers smoking in aircraft lavatories and the need to improve warnings about the danger of fire caused by smoking.
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
Fire Suppression System Protects Giant Crawler TransportersTBMG-580210/1/2009
Stat-X fire suppression system Fireaway LLC Minnetonka, MN 952-935-9745 http://statx.com
Smoke Particle Sizes in Low-Gravity and Implications for Spacecraft Smoke Detector Design2009-01-24687/12/2009
This paper presents results from a smoke detection experiment entitled Smoke Aerosol Measurement Experiment (SAME) which was conducted in the Microgravity Science Glovebox on the International Space Station (ISS) during Expedition 15. Five different materials representative of those found in spacecraft were pyrolyzed at temperatures below the ignition point with conditions controlled to provide repeatable sample surface temperatures and air flow conditions. The sample materials were Teflon®, Kapton®, cellulose, silicone rubber and dibutylphthalate. The transport time from the smoke source to the detector was simulated by holding the smoke in an aging chamber for times ranging from 10 to1800 seconds. Smoke particle samples were collected on Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) grids for post-flight analysis. The smoke particle size distributions were measured using three particulate aerosol diagnostics that measure different moments of the size distribution and smoke detectors from the ISS and the space shuttle, These diagnostics were used to estimate the particle number concentration (zeroth moment), the diameter concentration (first moment) and the mass concentration (third moment), These values were combined to estimate the diameter of average mass, the count mean diameter, the geometric mean diameter and the geometric standard deviation. Even though the analysis of these data is ongoing, information from the various instruments and the calculated mean particle sizes has important implications for the design of spacecraft smoke detectors. These implications are reviewed in this paper relative to the operating principles of existing smoke detection technology, These results can be used to establish design requirements for smoke detectors for future spacecraft.
Urban, David L., Ruff, Gary A., Mulholland, George W., Cleary, Thomas G., Yang, Jiann C., Yuan, Zengguang, Bryg, Victoria
Smoke Detection for the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle2009-01-25427/12/2009
The Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) requires a smoke detector for the detection of particulate smoke products as part of the Fire Detection and Suppression (FDS) system. The smoke detector described in this paper is an adaptation of a mature commercial aircraft design for manned spaceflight. Changes made to the original design include upgrading the materials and electronics to space-qualified components, and modifying the mechanical design to withstand launch and landing loads. The results of laboratory characterization of the response of the new design to test particles are presented.
Sutin, Brian M., Niu, William, Steiner, George, O'Hara, William, Lewis, John F.
Measurement of Smoke Particle Size under Low-Gravity Conditions2008-01-20896/29/2008
Smoke detection experiments were conducted in the Microgravity Science Glovebox (MSG) on the International Space Station (ISS) during Expedition 15 in an experiment entitled Smoke Aerosol Measurement Experiment (SAME). The preliminary results from these experiments are presented. In order to simulate detection of a prefire overheated-material event, samples of five different materials were heated to temperatures below the ignition point. The smoke generation conditions were controlled to provide repeatable sample surface temperatures and air flow conditions. The smoke properties were measured using particulate aerosol diagnostics that measure different moments of the size distribution. These statistics were combined to determine the count mean diameter which can be used to describe the overall smoke distribution.
Urban, David L., Ruff, Gary A., Mulholland, George W., Cleary, Thomas G., Yang, Jiann C., Yuan, Zengguang
Safety Instructions for Sight-Impaired PassengersARP5446 (Historical)6/12/2008
These recommendations are provided to aid the international air transport industry by identifying a standard, minimum amount of safety instructions that should be given to sight-impaired passengers. This document is not meant to address problems associated with communicating safety information to sight-impaired passengers who are also hearing impaired or non-conversant in the language(s) used by the cabin crew to disseminate general safety information to passengers. Aircraft operators are encouraged to customize the safety instructions for their own operations in order to ensure that required safety information is provided to sight-impaired passengers.
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
Multiple-Parameter, Low-False-Alarm Fire-Detection SystemsTBMG-251712/1/2007
Fire-detection systems incorporating multiple sensors that measure multiple parameters are being developed for use in storage depots, cargo bays of ships and aircraft, and other locations not amenable to frequent, direct visual inspection. These systems are intended to improve upon conventional smoke detectors, now used in such locations, that reliably detect fires but also frequently generate false alarms: for example, conventional smoke detectors based on the blockage of light by smoke particles are also affected by dust particles and water droplets and, thus, are often susceptible to false alarms. In contrast, by utilizing multiple parameters associated with fires, i.e. not only obscuration by smoke particles but also concentrations of multiple chemical species that are commonly generated in combustion, false alarms can be significantly decreased while still detecting fires as reliably as older smoke-detector systems do.
Jing Li, Scientist, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CATBMG-20978/1/2007
NASA recently tested the Nano ChemSensor, the first nanotechnology- based electronic device to fly in space. The test showed that the sensor could monitor trace gases inside a spaceship. This technology could lead to smaller, more capable environmental monitors and smoke detectors in future crew habitats. Jing Li, a NASA Ames scientist, is the principal investigator for the test.
ISS Destiny Laboratory Smoke Detection Model2007-01-30767/9/2007
Smoke transport and detection were modeled numerically in the ISS Destiny module using the NIST, Fire Dynamics Simulator code. The airflows in Destiny were modeled using the existing flow conditions and the module geometry included obstructions that simulate the currently installed hardware on orbit. The smoke source was modeled as a 0.152 by 0.152 m region that emitted smoke particulate ranging from 1.46 to 8.47 mg/s. In the module domain, the smoke source was placed in the center of each Destiny rack location and the model was run to determine the time required for the two smoke detectors to alarm. Overall the detection times were dominated by the circumferential flow, the axial flow from the intermodule ventilation and the smoke source strength.
Brooker, John E., Urban, David L., Ruff, Gary A.
Crew Rest Container for Main Deck or Lower DeckARP4769A (Historical)1/12/2007
This document provides information about regulations and gives recommendation for the design of ULD - type main deck and lower deck mobile crew rest containers to be transported in aircraft equipped with a Class II restraint system as defined by NAS 3610.
AGE-2 Air Cargo
Safety Considerations for Airplane LavatoriesARP1315D (Historical)9/15/2006
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) establishes safety recommendations for lavatories in transport category airplanes.
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
Lavatory Smoke DetectorsARP4001A (Historical)2/17/2006
The purpose of this SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is to describe key features that should be incorporated in the lavatory smoke detector system. Consideration has been given to existing requirements of the FAA and to recommendations of aircraft operators and manufacturers. This document is deliberately not specific in all areas in order to maximize the freedom to use state-of-the-art design and manufacturing technologies. Safe, reliable, and effective lavatory smoke detectors remain the primary goal of the document.
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
Detection of Smoke from Microgravity Fires2005-01-29307/11/2005
The history and current status of spacecraft smoke detection is discussed including a review of the state of understanding of the effect of gravity on the resultant smoke particle size. The results from a spacecraft experiment (Comparative Soot Diagnostics (CSD)) which measured microgravity smoke particle sizes are presented. Five different materials were tested producing smokes with different properties including solid aerosol smokes and liquid droplets aerosol smokes. The particulate size distribution for the solid particulate smokes increased substantially in microgravity and the results suggested a corresponding increase for the smokes consisting of a liquid aerosol. A planned follow on experiment that will resolve the issues raised by CSD is presented. Early results from this effort have provided the first measurements of the ambient aerosol environment on the ISS (International Space Station) and suggest that the ISS has very low ambient particle levels.
Urban, David, Griffin, DeVon, Ruff, Gary, Cleary, Thomas, Yang, Jiann, Mulholland, George, Yuan, Zeng-guang
‘Issues and Behaviors of Airborne Particulate Matters under Microgravity Environment’2004-01-23287/19/2004
During several ISS missions, there were false alarms at both US and Russian smoke detectors. High local airborne particulate concentrations and interior deposits are considered the causes for such anomalies. Alternatives are proposed to replace or complement these faulty smoke detectors. The entrained zeolite particles may play a role in causing problems with check valves and air save pumps in CDRA and Vozdukh. Another incidence has been the dispersion of particulates out of Metox regeneration oven. Particulate matters with aerodynamic diameter of 15 microns and above, which normally settle down on earth, stay airborne under micro-gravity and thereby cause the above-mentioned nuisances. The motion of such a particle along a gas stream with an initial velocity can be expressed by theoretical equations. Stokes' Law leads to the descriptions of inertial precipitation of aerosols that are important in solving the issues. The relevant parameters such as particle size, and properties as well as movement of particulates under zero gravity without external forces are described in this article.
Chu, Richard R.
The Application of Piezoceramic Actuation to Direct Fuel Injection2003-32-00019/16/2003
With increasing demands to reduce emissions from internal combustion engines, engine manufacturers are forced to seek out new technology. One such technology employed primarily in the diesel and two-stroke engine community is direct-injection (DI). Direct injection has shown promising results in reduction of CO and NOx for both two- and four-stroke engines. While having been used for several years in the diesel industry, direct injection has been scrutinized for an inability to meet future requirements to reduce particulate matter emissions. Direct injection has also came under fire for complicating fuel delivery systems, thus making it cost prohibitive for small utility engine manufacturers. Recent research shows that the application of piezo-driven actuators has a positive effect on soot formation reduction for diesel engines and as this paper will distinguish, has the ability to simplify direct injection fuel delivery systems in general. The potential for emissions reduction and improved engine performance by use of direct injection is well documented in the literature. The current debate centers around the most efficient way to produce direct injection without having a negative effect on system complexity, cost, and performance. This work investigates the use of the newly emerging piezoceramic actuation technology to accomplish such goals. Piezoceramic actuation has become an area of increased interest in the past ten years. Having been used for many years as sensors in such applications as pressure transducers and smoke detectors, piezoceramics are now being investigated as prime movers in fuel injectors. In an effort to aid the engineering community, this paper will conduct a comprehensive review of several piezoceramic actuators and discuss the current state of the art. An existing direct-injector used on an outboard two-stroke engine is used as the benchmark in this study. The system parameters are determined experimentally and used to select the appropriate piezoceramic actuator architecture. A proof of concept device will be constructed to determine the feasibility of designing direct-injectors using piezoceramics. The experimental results will show that the piezoceramic actuator can successfully deliver the force and stroke required. The results will also show the limitations imposed on the actuation system when use of mechanical advantage is incorporated into the design.
Taylor, Chris, Washington, Gregory
Fire Safety in the Low-Gravity Spacecraft Environment1999-01-19377/12/1999
Research in microgravity (low-gravity) combustion promises innovations and improvements in fire prevention and response for human-crew spacecraft. Findings indicate that material flammability and fire spread in microgravity are significantly affected by atmospheric flow rate, oxygen concentration, and diluent composition. This information can lead to modifications and correlations to standard material-assessment tests for prediction of fire resistance in space. Research on smoke-particle changes in microgravity promises future improvements and increased sensitivity of smoke detectors in spacecraft. Research on fire suppression by extinguishing agents and venting can yield new information on effective control of the rare, but serious fire events in spacecraft.
Friedman, Robert
Lavatory InstallationARP1315C (Historical)4/1/1998
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) establishes recommendations with respect to personnel and aircraft safety for the design of lavatory compartments in commercial aircraft. Consideration should be given to the fact the lavatory compartment is an area in which the passenger is not under direct observation of the flight attendants.
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
TESTING OF COMMERCIAL AIRPLANE ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEMSARP217C (Historical)10/1/1997
These recommendations are written to cover the testing of environmental control equipment, functioning as a complete and installed system in civil aircraft for the purpose of: a Demonstrating the safety of the installation and equipment. b Demonstrating proper functioning of the installation and equipment. c Demonstrating performance of the installation and equipment. d Obtaining data for future design and to aid in the analysis of in-service performance of the system and equipment.
AC-9 Aircraft Environmental Systems Committee
CREW REST CONTAINER FOR MAIN DECK OR LOWER DECKARP4769 (Historical)6/1/1994
This document provides information about regulations and gives recommendation for the design of ULD - type main deck and lower deck mobile crew rest containers to be transported in aircraft equipped with a Class II restraint system as defined by NAS 3610.
AGE-2 Air Cargo
Columbus APM Environmental Control System Overview: Space Station and APM Restructuring Consequences9413056/1/1994
This paper describes the main changes affecting the APM Environmental Control System (ECS) as a consequence of the Space Station Freedom (SSF) restructuring and Columbus APM overall reconfiguration. The main purposes of this reconfiguration are: minimize the number and complexity of the interfaces with Space Station Freedom (SSF) centralize avionics command and monitoring tasks revisit the failure tolerance concept of some ECS functions unify/standardize similar functions in the two subsystem adjust lifetime requirements and simplify maintenance concept of equipment. The APM ECS consists of the following functions: active thermal control (ATCS) passive thermal control (PTCS) atmosphere pressure and composition control air revitalization and cabin ventilation temperature and humidity control vacuum and venting nitrogen supply fire detection and suppression. The new ATCS configuration provides a cooling capability for a reduced number of P/L racks by means of its moderate loop. No modification is envisaged on the low temperature loop. Failure cases on both SSF thermal buses and APM ATCS have been considered and assessed, resulting in an optimization of the ATCS operation in off-nominal modes. Due to the adoption of a new APM launcher (ARIANE 5) instead of NSTS, the Negative Pressure Relief function is no longer required. A new cabin loop architecture is considered based on the use of three fans for air distribution in the APM thermal conditioning and air exchange with the adjacent SSF node (Intermodule Ventilation). As far as the Vacuum and Venting system is concerned, the only changes are the reduction of the connected lateral P/L racks and the deletion of the venting interface with the SSF. The same lateral P/L racks are also connected to the Nitrogen Supply system with the deletion of the relevant interface valves. The main change in the Fire Detection system concerns the new location of smoke detectors within the cabin loop. The Fire Suppression system is impacted due to the reduction of the number of enclosures requiring a fire suppression capability. Optimization in heater control has been achieved, while the decentralized valve control concept has been deleted in favour of a centralized one via Power Distribution Unit (PDU).
Gargioli, Eugenio, Balocco, Paolo, Nava, Luca, Leiseifer, Hans Peter, Sarri, Giuseppe
Comparison Testing of the Space Shuttle Orbiter and Space Station Freedom Smoke Detectors9322917/1/1993
This paper describes the results of a series of tests that were conducted to compare the performance characteristics of the smoke detectors currently used on the Space Shuttle Orbiter and those recently developed and baselined for use on Space Station Freedom. The objective of the tests, sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) at Johnson Space Center (JSC), was to determine if there were significant improvements in the latest sensing technology being developed for the Space Station program which could benefit the Shuttle program.
Steisslinger, H. R., Hoy, D. M., McLin, J. A., Thomas, E. C.
Development of the Flame Detector for Space Station Freedom9321067/1/1993
One of the primary safety concerns for Space Station Freedom pressurized modules is fire. Some Freedom modules are unattended for long periods of time. In other cases, enclosed, pressurized volumes are not open to crew monitoring. As a result, a fire detection system is required to continuously monitor all modules for combustion. This paper briefly reviews the overall design for the Freedom fire detection system, and the design of the two basic types of detectors: smoke and flame. The smoke detectors monitor particulates in small open areas, stand-offs, end-cones, and racks. The flame detectors survey open areas for radiation at wavelengths and intensities characteristic of combustion. Responses from detectors are evaluated by Freedom's data management system to determine the presence of combustion and to recommend appropriate action. The combination of discrete detectors and centralized processing produces a flexible fire detection system which can adapt to an evolving Space Station Freedom design or to other enclosed environments. This paper then focuses on the design, development, and testing of the flame detector. The flame detector monitors for radiation in three specific ranges of the spectrum: in a narrow band in the ultraviolet, in the visible, and in a broad band in the infrared. The ultraviolet and infrared ranges are characteristic of combustion. The visible range provides a measure of the background and is used as a discriminator to minimize false alarms. The detector provides analog outputs which are functions of the total energy received in each of these ranges. The detector also monitors for flicker, another characteristic of combustion. The design and development of the flame detector are discussed in detail. Final data from the flame detector development test are presented and discussed.
Fuhs, Susan, Hu, Raymond, McClure, George
Development of the Fire Detection System for Space Station Freedom9211527/1/1992
A flexible fire detection system is required in order to monitor Space Station Freedom pressurized volumes, including spaces which may be inaccessible to the crew, or may be unattended for long periods of time. The system uses flame detectors to survey open areas for radiation at wavelengths and intensities characteristic of combustion, and uses smoke detectors to monitor particulates in open areas and in air circulation ducts. This paper briefly reviews the design of the system and the detectors and presents results of development testing of the smoke detectors. The duct-type smoke detector has met all Space Station Freedom performance requirements.
Fuhs, Susan, Buchmann, Oscar, Hu, Raymond, McLin, John, Armstrong, Mark
LAVATORY INSTALLATIONARP1315B (Historical)3/5/1992
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) establishes recommendations with respect to personnel and aircraft safety for the design of lavatory compartments in commercial aircraft. Consideration should be given to the fact the lavatory compartment is an area in which the passenger is not under direct observation of the flight attendants.
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
CARGO COMPARTMENT FIRE DETECTION INSTRUMENTSAS8036 (Historical)5/1/1991
This standard covers the following types of fire detection instruments intended for use in protecting aircraft cargo compartments, galleys, electronic equipment bays and other similar installations.
A-4AS8036 Update Working Group
LAVATORY SMOKE DETECTORSARP4001 (Historical)1/28/1991
This ARP is to describe key features for the lavatory smoke detector. Consideration has been given to existing requirements of the FAA, to recommendations of aircraft operators and manufacturers. The ARP is deliberately not specific in all areas in order to maximize potential supplier's freedom to use the state-of-the-art design and manufacturing technologies. Safe, reliable, and effective lavatory smoke detectors remain the primary goal of the ARP.
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
Evaluation of the Suitability of CO Measurement for Fire Detection in Space9012857/1/1990
Methods of fire detection for space application are reviewed and compared. Arguments are given in favour of a decentralized, combined particulate and gas measurement system with highly sensitive, selective and miniaturized sensor elements. For the COLUMBUS pressurized modules this leads to a new baseline concept which now includes ionization chamber and light scattering smoke detectors in the return ducts as well as CO sensors on rack level.
Sonnenschein, Rainer, Karl-Otto, Hienerwadel
Real-Time Smoke Sensor for Diesel Engines8601572/1/1986
This paper describes a system for real-time smoke detection in diesel engines. Preliminary results are presented from a very simple sensor which detects the net charge level on smoke particles. There appears to be a useful correlation between the peak charge level and the Bosch smoke number. The mechanism by which the particulates is discussed, though no firm conclusions are reached.
Collings, Nick, Baker, Nigel, Wolber, William G.
TESTING OF COMMERCIAL AIRPLANE ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEMSARP217B (Historical)10/15/1973
These recommendations are written to cover the testing of environmental control equipment, functioning as a complete and installed system in civil aircraft for the purpose of: a Demonstrating the safety of the installation and equipment. b Demonstrating proper functioning of the installation and equipment. c Demonstrating performance of the installation and equipment. d Obtaining data for future design and to aid in the analysis of in-service performance of the system and equipment.
AC-9 Aircraft Environmental Systems Committee
FIRE AND HEAT DETECTORSAS401A (Historical)10/1/1949
This specification covers the following basic types of instruments, or combinations thereof, intended for use in protecting aircraft power plant installations, auxiliary power plants, combustion heaters and other installation where fuel, oil or similar fires may occur.
A-4 Aircraft Instruments Committee
FIRE AND HEAT DETECTORSAS401 (Historical)12/1/1947
This specification covers the following basic types of instruments, or combinations thereof, intended for use in protecting aircraft power plant installations, auxiliary power plants, combustion heaters and other installation where fuel, oil or similar fires may occur.
A-4 Aircraft Instruments Committee
SMOKE DETECTORSAS400 (Historical)7/1/1947
This specification covers two basic types as follows: Type I Carbon Monoxide Type II Photo-Electric Cell
A-4 Aircraft Instruments Committee
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