Browse Topic: Vehicle to everything (V2X)
Modern vehicles require sophisticated, secure communication systems to handle the growing complexity of automotive technology. As in-vehicle networks become more integrated with external wireless services, they face increasing cybersecurity vulnerabilities. This paper introduces a specialized Proxy based security architecture designed specifically for Internet Protocol (IP) based communication within vehicles. The framework utilizes proxy servers as security gatekeepers that mediate data exchanges between Electronic Control Units (ECUs) and outside networks. At its foundation, this architecture implements comprehensive traffic management capabilities including filtering, validation, and encryption to ensure only legitimate data traverses the vehicle's internal systems. By embedding proxies within the automotive middleware layer, the framework enables advanced protective measures such as intrusion detection systems, granular access controls, and protected over-the-air (OTA) update
This document provides vehicle-level data collection, data analysis, and data verification procedures that may be used to verify that an instrument under test (IUT) satisfies the vehicle-level requirements specified in SAE J3161/1. For the purposes of this report, “vehicle-level requirements” primarily consist of those requirements which can be verified external to the vehicle. The IUT for these procedures is a configured LTE-V2X vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) device as defined in SAE J3161/1 and is installed on a vehicle of class 2, 3, 4, or 5. While the IUT is conceptually separated from the vehicle it is installed on, the tests outlined in this document are primarily vehicle level, so the terms “vehicle” and “IUT” can generally be considered interchangeable. Additionally, non-vehicle-level complementary tests, not included in this document, are required to verify that the entire set of requirements specified in SAE J3161/1 is satisfied. This document also includes a Traceability Matrix to
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) defines lightning strike zones and provides guidelines for locating them on particular aircraft, together with examples. The zone definitions and location guidelines described herein are applicable to Parts 23, 25, 27, and 29 aircraft. The zone location guidelines and examples are representative of in-flight lightning exposures.
This paper presents a comprehensive testing framework and safety evaluation for Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) charging systems, incorporating advanced theoretical modeling and experimental validation of a modern, integrated 3-in-1 combo unit (PDU, DCDC, OBC). The proliferation of electric vehicles has necessitated the development of resilient and flexible charging solutions, with V2V technology emerging as a critical decentralized infrastructure component. This study establishes a rigorous mathematical framework for power flow analysis, develops novel safety protocols based on IEC 61508 and ISO 26262 functional safety standards, and presents comprehensive experimental validation across 47 test scenarios. The framework encompasses five primary test categories: functional performance validation, power conversion efficiency optimization, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) assessment, thermal management evaluation, and comprehensive fault-injection testing including Byzantine fault scenarios
The traditional hydraulic braking system with vacuum booster technology is very mature, but it is not suitable for use in electric vehicles due to the lack of a vacuum source. The brake system by wire is an innovative electronic controlled braking technology, and the Electro-Hydraulic Brake is currently the most widely used brake system by wire in electric vehicles. The classification, structure, working principle, and advantages of Electro-Hydraulic Brake as a braking system for electric automobiles and intelligent connected vehicles are studied. The structure, working principle, advantages and disadvantages of Pump-Electro - Hydraulic Brake and Integrated Electro-Hydraulic Brake are compared and analyzed.
A road simulator reproduction method was developed to reproduce the off-road conditions of utility vehicles in a laboratory setting. Off-road running behavior can be reproduced by considering the effects of inertial forces from jump landings owing to uneven terrain and slow-speed navigation. However, extremely low-frequency components and behaviors, including inertial forces from jumps, vehicle acceleration and deceleration, are difficult to reproduce with a normal road simulator in the limited test space of a laboratory. Therefore, it is common practice to intentionally remove input components below 1 Hz. Alternatively, inertial forces can be reproduced by adding a restraining device to the sprung mass of the vehicle along the wheel-axle inputs. Therefore, the former method excludes extremely low-frequency components, whereas the effects between actuators, which increase the test complexity and time required, should be canceled in the latter method. Furthermore, the restraining device
Vehicle-to-whatever communication technologies continue to be put through their paces around the world. To point at just one example of the continued evolution of V2X technologies, let's take a quick visit to Japan and the 2025 JSAE Annual Spring Congress this May. That's where Toyota and Eye-Net Mobile Ltd., a subsidiary of Foresight Autonomous Holdings Ltd., presented a research paper on using vehicle-to-network technology to enhance ADAS systems by connecting to smartphones in the environment to address the inherent limitations of in-vehicle sensors. Titled, “Feasibility Study of a Hazard Avoidance Brake Control System Using V2N Technology,” the paper examined how smartphones could act as external sensors that could connect to an onboard ADAS system using vehicle-to-network (V2N) communications. The main purpose of these signals would be for enhanced hazard detection, Toyota said, adding that some of the top issues addressed in the paper were “communication latency, tracking
The U-Shift IV represents the latest evolution in modular urban mobility solutions, offering significant advancements over its predecessors. This innovative vehicle concept introduces a distinct separation between the drive module, known as the driveboard, and the transport capsules. The driveboard contains all the necessary components for autonomous driving, allowing it to operate independently. This separation not only enables versatile applications - such as easily swapping capsules for passenger or goods transportation - but also significantly improves the utilization of the driveboard. By allowing a single driveboard to be paired with different capsules, operational efficiency is maximized, enabling continuous deployment of driveboards while the individual capsules are in use. The primary focus of U-Shift IV was to obtain a permit for operating at the Federal Garden Show 2023. To achieve this goal, we built the vehicle around the specific requirements for semi-public road
This article introduces a comprehensive cooperative navigation algorithm to improve vehicular system safety and efficiency. The algorithm employs surrogate optimization to prevent collisions with cooperative cruise control and lane-keeping functionalities. These strategies address real-world traffic challenges. The dynamic model supports precise prediction and optimization within the MPC framework, enabling effective real-time decision-making for collision avoidance. The critical component of the algorithm incorporates multiple parameters such as relative vehicle positions, velocities, and safety margins to ensure optimal and safe navigation. In the cybersecurity evaluation, the four scenarios explore the system’s response to different types of cyberattacks, including data manipulation, signal interference, and spoofing. These scenarios test the algorithm’s ability to detect and mitigate the effects of malicious disruptions. Evaluate how well the system can maintain stability and avoid
Letter from the Guest Editors
This document describes machine-to-machine (M2M)1 communication to enable cooperation between two or more traffic participants or CDA devices hosted or controlled by said traffic participants. The cooperation supports or enables performance of the dynamic driving task (DDT) for a subject vehicle equipped with an engaged driving automation system feature and a CDA device. Other participants may include other vehicles with driving automation feature(s) engaged, shared road users (e.g., drivers of conventional vehicles or pedestrians or cyclists carrying compatible personal devices), or compatible road operator devices (e.g., those used by personnel who maintain or operate traffic signals or work zones). Cooperative driving automation (CDA) aims to improve the safety and flow of traffic and/or facilitate road operations by supporting the safer and more efficient movement of multiple vehicles in proximity to one another. This is accomplished, for example, by sharing information that can be
The proliferation of the electric vehicle (EVs) in the US market led to an increase in the average vehicle weight due to the assembly of the larger high-voltage (HV) batteries. To comply with this weight increase and to meet stringent US regulations and Consumer Ratings requirements, Vehicle front-end rigidity (stiffness) has increased substantially. This increased stiffness in the larger vehicles (Large EV pickups/SUVs) may have a significant impact during collision with smaller vehicles. To address this issue, it is necessary to consider adopting a vehicle compatibility test like Euro NCAP MPDB (European New Car Assessment Program Moving Progressive Deformable Barrier) for the North American market as well. This study examines the influence of mass across vehicle classes and compares the structural variations for each impact class. The Euro NCAP MPDB (European New Car Assessment Program Moving Progressive Deformable Barrier) protocol referenced for this analysis. Our evaluation
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