Browse Topic: Navigation and guidance systems

Items (1,115)
(TC)The paper presents a designed and evaluated optimal traction control (TC) strategy for unmanned agriculture vehicle, where onboard sensors acquire various real-time information about wheel speed, load sharing, and terrain characteristics to achieve the precise control of the powertrain by establishing an optimal control command; moreover, the developed AMT-adaptive SMC combines the AMT adaptive control algorithm and the SMC to implement the dynamic gear shifting, torque output, and driving mode switching to obtain an optimal power distribution according to different speed demand and harvest load. Based on the establishment of models of the autonomous agriculture vehicle and corresponding tire model, a MATLAB/Simulink method based on dynamic simulation is adopted to simulate the unmanned agricultural vehicle traversing different terrains conditions. The results from comparison show that the energy saving reaches 19.0%, rising from 2. 1 kWh/km to 1. 7 kWh/km, an increase in
Feng, ZhenghaoLu, YunfanGao, DuanAn, YiZhou, Chuanbo
In contemporary society, where Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are utilised extensively, their inherent fragility gives rise to potential hazards with respect to the safety of ship navigation. In order to address this issue, the present study focuses on an ASM signal delay measurement system based on software defined radio peripherals. The system comprises two distinct components: a transmitting end and a receiving end. At the transmitting end, a signal generator, a first time-frequency synchronisation device, and a VHF transmitting antenna are employed to transmit ASM signals comprising dual Barker 13 code training sequences. At the receiving end, signals are received via software-defined radio equipment, a second time-frequency synchronisation device, a computing host, and a VHF receiving antenna. Utilising sliding correlation algorithms enables accurate time delay estimation. The present study leverages the high performance and low cost advantages of the universal
Li, HaoSun, XiaowenWang, TianqiZhou, ZeliangWang, Xiaoye
We present a novel processing approach to extract a ship traffic flow framework in order to cope with problems such as large volume, high noise levels and complexity spatio-temporal nature of AIS data. We preprocess AIS data using covariance matrix-based abnormal data filtering, develop improved Douglas-Peucker (DP) algorithm for multi-granularity trajectory compression, identify navigation hotspots and intersections using density-based spatial clustering and visualize chart overlays using Mercator projection. In experiments with AIS data from the Laotieshan waters in the Bohai Bay, we achieve compression rate up to 97% while maintaining a key trajectory feature retention error less than 0.15 nautical miles. We identify critical areas such as waterway intersections and generate traffic flow heatmap for maritime management, route planning, etc.
Kong, XiangyuShao, Guoyu
Identification of different types of turns during field operation of off-road vehicles is critical in the overall vehicle development as it is helpful in identifying & optimizing machine performance, correct duty cycle, fuel economy, stability analysis, accurate path planning, customer usage pattern & designing the critical components, etc. In this study, a machine learning (ML) based methodology has been developed to detect the off-road vehicle turns using vehicle & GPS parameters. Three most common types of off-road vehicles turn conditions e.g., Straight line, Bulb turn, and Three-Point turn have been considered. Different vehicle parameters (like latitude & longitude, compass bearing, yaw rate, vehicle speed, swash plate angle, engine speed, percent load at vehicle speed, raise lower front & PTO channels) generated during field test have been used here. These vehicle parameters are further processed, analysed and used in ML learning model building. Four ML models e.g., SVM, K-NN
Rai, RohitGangsar, Purushottam
Modern automotive systems generate a wide range of audio-based signals, such as indicator chimes, turn signals, infotainment system audio, navigation prompts, and warning alerts, to facilitate communication between the vehicle and its occupants. Accurate Classification and transcription of this audio is important for refining driver aid systems, safety features, and infotainment automation. This paper introduces an AI/ML-powered technique for audio classification and transcription in automotive environments. The proposed solution employs a hybrid deep learning architecture that leverages convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs), trained using labeled audio samples. Moreover, an Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) model is integrated for transcribing spoken navigation prompts and commands from infotainment systems. The proposed system delivers reliable results in real-time audio classification and transcription, facilitating better automation and
Singh, ShwethaKamble, AmitMohanty, AnantaKalidas, Sateesh
In motorcycle racing and other competitions, there is a technique to intentionally slide the rear wheel to make turns more quickly. While this technique is effective for high-speed riding, it is difficult to execute and carries risks such as falling. Therefore, an anti-sideslip control system that suppresses unintended or excessive sideslip is needed to ensure safe, natural, and smooth turning. In anti-sideslip control, the slip angle is usually used as a control parameter. However, for motorcycles, it is necessary to know the absolute direction of the vehicle's movement. To determine this, GPS or optical sensors are required, but using such sensors for driving is costly and may not provide accurate measurements due to contamination or other environmental factors, making it impractical. Therefore, an anti-sideslip control system was developed by calculating another parameter that indicates the characteristics of the slip angle, without measuring the slip angle itself, thus eliminating
Nakano, KyosukeKawai, KazunoriTakeuchi, Michinori
With the continuous advancement of economic globalization, international trade has been developing rapidly, and Marine transportation is an important part of international trade. Shipping and port are facing greater opportunities for development, the shipping industry gradually to the modernization, specialization, large-scale rapid development. The rapid increase of the number of ships, the tonnage of ships, the flow of ships, the density of ships, and the busier of the channel traffic, these changes make the navigable conditions of navigable waters. Under the limited port water conditions, the ship traffic density increases, the ship distress probability increases, and the navigation environment becomes more complex, which make the water transportation safety face greater challenges and threats. The waters of dense traffic flow, danger, accidents, the importance of its navigation safety assessment is self-evident. Preventing some accident risk in the process of ship navigation has
You, HaoweiZheng, Zhongyi
This study establishes models of airport vertical navigation lights and aircraft vulnerable components (wings and landing gear) using SOLIDWORKS. Based on the frangibility standards for airport navigation facilities, the control dimensions of the circular tube model for navigation lights are determined. Numerical simulations are conducted in ANSYS Workbench to analyze collisions between aircraft wings/landing gear and navigation lights under three different velocity conditions. Internal energy analysis, bidirectional force response, and stress nephograms during the impact process are evaluated. The results indicate that current standards ensure that collisions with vertical navigation lights during takeoff and landing do not cause deformation or damage to aircraft vulnerable components, thereby guaranteeing the safety of aircraft and pilots.
Wang, JianwuSong, XiaoboWei, YanLiu, HongweiYou, ShengnanSun, Jinkun
River regulation engineering is pivotal for harmonizing flood resilience, ecological integrity, and navigation efficiency in large alluvial systems, particularly under intensified hydrological stressors. The Yangtze River, Asia’s largest fluvial network, has experienced altered hydro-sedimentary regimes and exacerbated channel instability due to cascade reservoir operations, demanding adaptive strategies to stabilize dynamic reaches. This study investigates hydrodynamic and flow distribution responses to integrated regulation measures in the Chizhou Reach—a vulnerable alluvial segment characterized by severe bank erosion, sedimentation-induced flow imbalances, and constrained floodplains. Using a 1:500/1:100 scaled hydraulic model validated under flood and low-flow conditions, we assess synergistic effects of dredging, submerged dams, and flow-regulating groynes. Here we show that dredging the Wanchuanzhou right branch increases its flow diversion ratio by 1.71% (annual average flow
Gao, JinFeng, LileiRuan, JunshengLu, LixinYan, Jun
How to realize the intelligent collision avoidance of inland waterway ships has become a hot issue in the field of transportation. The navigation status, position information and speed of inland vessels can be obtained by using the shipborne Beidou terminal and AIS, so as to realize the real-time monitoring of the ship’s operation status and the real-time optimization of collision avoidance path planning. In the process of track classification and prediction, it is necessary to use deep learning algorithms to train and learn historical track data, so as to generate a model that can accurately predict future tracks, and make collision avoidance path planning decisions on this basis, so as to realize the intelligence of water traffic organization and ship collision avoidance.
Liu, XingchenCui, JianzhangKong, Lingqi
In the intelligent traffic system (ITS), roadside sensing can obtain the movement status of various objects in the traffic scene in real time with a globalized perspective, which is of great significance for traffic flow optimization, accident early warning, and rescue afterwards. Accurate target positioning is one of the key links to realize these functions, which can not only help the traffic management department to grasp the traffic condition in time, but also provide the basis for rescue personnel to respond quickly when an accident occurs, so as to minimize the damage caused by the accident. Therefore, a method for acquiring the Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates of objects relying on monocular surveillance installed on the roadside is proposed in this paper. By combining the target detection algorithm and the coordinate transformation method, and considering the information such as the installation status and internal parameters of the camera, the pixel positions of
Zhang, NijiaLu, MingfengChen, ZiyiZhang, FengTao, RanHu, WeidongFu, Xiongjun
Navigation in off-road terrains is a well-studied problem for self-driving and autonomous vehicles. Frequently cited concerns include features like soft soil, rough terrain, and steep slopes. In this paper, we present the important but less studied aspect of negotiating vegetation in off-road terrain. Using recent field measurements, we develop a fast running model for the resistance on a ground vehicle overriding both small vegetation like grass and larger vegetation like bamboo and trees. We implement of our override model into a 3D simulation environment, the MSU Autonomous Vehicle Simulator (MAVS), and demonstrate how this model can be incorporated into real-time simulation of autonomous ground vehicles (AGV) operating in off-road terrain. Finally, we show how this model can be used to simulate autonomous navigation through a variety of vegetation with a PID speed controller and measuring the effect of navigation through vegetation on the vehicle speed.
Goodin, ChristopherMoore, Marc N.Hudson, Christopher R.Carruth, Daniel W.Salmon, EthanCole, Michael P.Jayakumar, ParamsothyEnglish, Brittney
The Vision for Off-road Autonomy (VORA) project used passive, vision-only sensors to generate a dense, robust world model for use in off-road navigation. The research resulted in vision-based algorithms applicable to defense and surveillance autonomy, intelligent agricultural applications, and planetary exploration. Passive perception for world modeling enables stealth operation (since lidars can alert observers) and does not require more expensive or specialized sensors (e.g., radar or lidar). Over the course of this three-phase program, SwRI built components of a vision-only navigation pipeline and tested the result on a vehicle platform in an off-road environment.
Towler, Meera DayGarza, Harold A.Chambers, David R.
Navigation in off-road terrains is a well-studied problem for self-driving and autonomous vehicles. Frequently cited concerns include features like soft soil, rough terrain, and steep slopes. In this paper, we present the important but less studied aspect of negotiating vegetation in off-road terrain. Using recent field measurements, we develop a fast running model for the resistance on a ground vehicle overriding both small vegetation like grass and larger vegetation like bamboo and trees. We implement of our override model into a 3D simulation environment, the MSU Autonomous Vehicle Simulator (MAVS), and demonstrate how this model can be incorporated into real-time simulation of autonomous ground vehicles (AGV) operating in off-road terrain. Finally, we show how this model can be used to simulate autonomous navigation through a variety of vegetation with a PID speed controller and measuring the effect of navigation through vegetation on the vehicle speed.
Goodin, ChristopherMoore, Marc N.Hudson, Christopher R.Carruth, Daniel W.Salmon, EthanCole, Michael P.Jayakumar, ParamsothyEnglish, Brittney
Despite all the technological evolution in navigation, waters just off coastal shores around the globe have remained a black box. That is, until researchers from The University of Texas at Austin and Oregon State University developed a new technology that uses satellites in space to map out these tricky areas.
As NASA’s Artemis missions build out infrastructure on and around the Moon in the coming years, CubeSats and other small satellites will likely play an important role in a communications network that will enable not only conversation with mission control but also navigation, direct scientific observations, and more, all enabled by an internet-like “LunaNet.” These little satellites are cheap to launch and can form constellations for relaying signals reliably. But their small size makes it hard for them to carry antennas large enough to communicate across vast distances.
This article introduces a comprehensive cooperative navigation algorithm to improve vehicular system safety and efficiency. The algorithm employs surrogate optimization to prevent collisions with cooperative cruise control and lane-keeping functionalities. These strategies address real-world traffic challenges. The dynamic model supports precise prediction and optimization within the MPC framework, enabling effective real-time decision-making for collision avoidance. The critical component of the algorithm incorporates multiple parameters such as relative vehicle positions, velocities, and safety margins to ensure optimal and safe navigation. In the cybersecurity evaluation, the four scenarios explore the system’s response to different types of cyberattacks, including data manipulation, signal interference, and spoofing. These scenarios test the algorithm’s ability to detect and mitigate the effects of malicious disruptions. Evaluate how well the system can maintain stability and avoid
Khan, Rahan RasheedHanif, AtharAhmed, Qadeer
Trajectory planning is a major challenge in robotics and autonomous vehicles, ensuring both efficient and safe navigation. The primary objective of this work is to generate an optimal trajectory connecting a starting point to a destination while meeting specific requirements, such as minimizing travel distance and adhering to the vehicle’s kinematic and dynamic constraints. The developed algorithms for trajectory design, defined as a sequence of arcs and straight segments, offer a significant advantage due to their low computational complexity, making them well-suited for real-time applications in autonomous navigation. The proposed trajectory model serves as a benchmark for comparing actual vehicle paths in trajectory control studies. Simulation results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method across various scenarios.
Soundouss, HalimaMsaaf, MohammedBelmajdoub, Fouad
With 2D cameras and space robotics algorithms, astronautics engineers at Stanford have created a navigation system able to manage multiple satellites using visual data only. They recently tested it in space for the first time. Stanford University, Stanford, CA Someday, instead of large, expensive individual space satellites, teams of smaller satellites - known by scientists as a “swarm” - will work in collaboration, enabling greater accuracy, agility, and autonomy. Among the scientists working to make these teams a reality are researchers at Stanford University's Space Rendezvous Lab, who recently completed the first-ever in-orbit test of a prototype system able to navigate a swarm of satellites using only visual information shared through a wireless network. “It's a milestone paper and the culmination of 11 years of effort by my lab, which was founded with this goal of surpassing the current state of the art and practice in distributed autonomy in space,” said Simone D'Amico
Today, our mobile phones, computers, and GPS systems can give us very accurate time indications and positioning thanks to the over 400 atomic clocks worldwide. All sorts of clocks - be it mechanical, atomic or a smartwatch - are made of two parts: an oscillator and a counter. The oscillator provides a periodic variation of some known frequency over time while the counter counts the number of cycles of the oscillator. Atomic clocks count the oscillations of vibrating atoms that switch between two energy states with very precise frequency.
Wheel Force Transducers (WFT) are precise and accurate measurement devices that seamlessly integrate into any vehicle. They can be applied in numerous vehicle applications for both on-road and in laboratory settings. The instrumentation requires replacing an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) wheel with a custom WFT system which is specific to the wheel hub design. An ideal design will minimally impact a vehicle's dynamics, but the vehicle system is inherently modified from the mass of the measurement device. Research and technical documentation have been published which provide conclusions explaining reduction in the unsprung mass reduces dynamic wheel load. However, there doesn’t appear to be clear compensation techniques for how a modified unsprung mass can be related to the original system, thus allowing the WFT signals to be more accurate to the OEM wheel forces. An experimental study was performed on a prototype motorcycle to better understand these differences. An
Frisco, JacobLarsen, WilliamRhudy, ScottOosting, NicholasLaurent, Matthew
Bicycle computers record and store kinematic and physiologic data that can be useful for forensic investigations of crashes. The utility of speed data from bicycle computers depends on the accurate synchronization of the speed data with either the recorded time or position, and the accuracy of the reported speed. The primary goals of this study were to quantify the temporal asynchrony and the error amplitudes in speed measurements recorded by a common bicycle computer over a wide area and over a long period. We acquired 96 hours of data at 1-second intervals simultaneously from three Garmin Edge 530 computers mounted to the same bicycle during road cycling in rural and urban environments. Each computer recorded speed data using a different method: two units were paired to two different external speed sensors and a third unit was not paired to any remote sensors and calculated its speed based on GPS data. We synchronized the units based on the speed signals and used one of the paired
Booth, Gabrielle R.Siegmund, Gunter P.
Autonomous ground navigation has advanced significantly in urban and structured environments, supported by the availability of comprehensive datasets. However, navigating complex and off-road terrains remains challenging due to limited datasets, diverse terrain types, adverse environmental conditions, and sensor limitations affecting vehicle perception. This study presents a comprehensive review of off-road datasets, integrating their applications with sensor technologies and terrain traversability analysis methods. It identifies critical gaps, including class imbalances, sensor performance under adverse conditions, and limitations in existing traversability estimation approaches. Key contributions include a novel classification of off-road datasets based on annotation methods, providing insights into scalability and applicability across diverse terrains. The study also evaluates sensor technologies under adverse conditions and proposes strategies for incorporating event-based and
Musau, HannahRuganuza, DenisIndah, DebbieMukwaya, ArthurGyimah, Nana KankamPatil, AshishBhosale, MayureshGupta, PrakharMwakalonge, JudithJia, YunyiMikulski, DariuszGrabowsky, DavidHong, Jae DongSiuhi, Saidi
The recent advancements in fields such as sensors, AI, and IoT are majorly impacting the automotive industry. Automated Driving Systems (ADS) are developing rapidly, meaning that SAE J3016 Level 3 and above vehicles are quickly becoming a reality. As a result, maintenance of such systems becomes essential to ensure their safe and efficient operation. Prognostic techniques in particular are crucial to monitor the state of health and predicting the end of life for components. Prognostics engineering is being applied in many industries and for conventional automotive applications, but ADS is new technology, and the prognostics for these systems are still being developed and adapted. In this paper, we first present a review of the most used prognostic techniques across different safety-critical domains such as aerospace, power, and manufacturing. Then, we summarize the main challenges that must be faced to successfully develop novel approaches for prognostics of ADS components and provide
Merola, FrancescoHanif, AtharLami, GiuseppeAhmed, QadeerMonohon, Mark
Accurate reconstruction of vehicle collisions is essential for understanding incident dynamics and informing safety improvements. Traditionally, vehicle speed from dashcam footage has been approximated by estimating the time duration and distance traveled as the vehicle passes between reference objects. This method limits the resolution of the speed profile to an average speed over given intervals and reduces the ability to determine moments of acceleration or deceleration. A more detailed speed profile can be calculated by solving for the vehicle’s position in each video frame; however, this method is time-consuming and can introduce spatial and temporal error and is often constrained by the availability of external trackable features in the surrounding environment. Motion tracking software, widely used in the visual effects industry to track camera positions, has been adopted by some collision reconstructionists for determining vehicle speed from video. This study examines the
Perera, NishanGriffiths, HarrisonPrentice, Greg
Predictive performance simulation of a high-efficiency lightweight vehicle is performed through development of a multi-physics MATLAB Simulink model including advanced vehicle dynamics. The vehicle is put into a three-dimensional representation of the racetrack, including its dimensions, slope, banking, and adhesion coefficient along the model space, elaborated from the track GPS data points. The vehicle’s reference trajectory is not priorly provided to the model at the simulation start as, during run-time, a predictive Steering Angle Generation (SAG) algorithm based on Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) computes the optimal steering angle input needed to drive the vehicle on the track within its limits. Computation is based on fast predictive simulations of a simplified version of dynamics modelling of the vehicle. Each single simulation exploits a different possible steering angle to be applied by the virtual driver, starting from the initial conditions given by the actual
De Carlo, MatteoManzone, Simonede Carvalho Pinheiro, HenriqueCarello, Massimiliana
In this study, we introduce RGB2BEV-Net, an end-to-end pipeline that extends traditional BEV segmentation models by utilizing raw RGB images with Bird’s Eye View (BEV) generation. While previous work primarily focused on pre-segmented images to generate corresponding BEV maps, our approach expands this by collecting RGB images alongside their affiliated segmentation masks and BEV representations. This enables direct input of RGB camera sensors into the pipeline, reflecting real-world autonomous driving scenarios where RGB cameras are commonly used as sensors, rather than relying on pre-segmented images. Our model processes four RGB images through a segmentation layer before converting them into a segmented BEV, implemented in the PyTorch framework after being adapted from an original implementation that utilized a different framework. This adaptation was necessary to improve compatibility and ensure better integration of the entire system within autonomous vehicle applications. We
Hossain, SabirLin, Xianke
With the growing diversification of modern urban transportation options, such as delivery robots, patrol robots, service robots, E-bikes, and E-scooters, sidewalks have gained newfound importance as critical features of High-Definition (HD) Maps. Since these emerging modes of transportation are designed to operate on sidewalks to ensure public safety, there is an urgent need for efficient and optimal sidewalk routing plans for autonomous driving systems. This paper proposed a sidewalk route planning method using a cost-based A* algorithm and a mini-max-based objective function for optimal routes. The proposed cost-based A* route planning algorithm can generate different routes based on the costs of different terrains (sidewalks and crosswalks), and the objective function can produce an efficient route for different routing scenarios or preferences while considering both travelling distance and safety levels. This paper’s work is meant to fill the gap in efficient route planning for
Bao, ZhibinLang, HaoxiangLin, Xianke
Towards the goal of real-time navigation of autonomous robots, the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) based LiDAR odometry methods are a favorable class of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithms for their robustness under any light conditions. However, even with the recent methods, the traditional SLAM challenges persist, where odometry drifts under adversarial conditions such as featureless or dynamic environments, as well as high motion of the robots. In this paper, we present a motion-aware continuous-time LiDAR-inertial SLAM framework. We introduce an efficient EKF-ICP sensor fusion solution by loosely coupling poses from the continuous time ICP and IMU data, designed to improve convergence speed and robustness over existing methods while incorporating a sophisticated motion constraint to maintain accurate localization during rapid motion changes. Our framework is evaluated on the KITTI datasets and artificially motion-induced dataset sequences, demonstrating
Kokenoz, CigdemShaik, ToukheerSharma, AbhishekPisu, PierluigiLi, Bing
While numerous advancements have been made in autonomous navigation for structured indoor and outdoor environments, these solutions often do not generalize well to off-road settings. There are unique challenges in such settings such as unreliable GPS, limited computational and memory resources, and sparse environmental features, making navigation particularly difficult. In our work, we propose a novel data structure called Hierarchical Dynamic Scene Graphs (HDSG) to address these challenges. HDSG captures environmental information at different resolutions, integrating both geometric and semantic features. It enables various navigation tasks such as localization, loop closure, and human interaction through the visualization of environmental features for remote operators. We evaluated the performance of localizing a robot’s position within the world frame by comparing compact spatial descriptors extracted from semi-consecutive scene graphs, derived from 3D LiDAR point clouds. Compared to
Alam, Fardifa FathmiulLuricich, FedericoLi, NianyiJia, YunyiLi, Bing
In cold and snowy areas, low-friction and non-uniform road surfaces make vehicle control complex. Manually driving a car becomes a labor-intensive process with higher risks. To explore the upper limits of vehicle motion on snow and ice, we use an existing aggressive autonomous algorithm as a testing tool. We built our 1:5 scaled test platform and proposed an RGBA-based cost map generation method to generate cost maps from either recorded GPS waypoints or manually designed waypoints. From the test results, the AutoRally software can be used on our test platform, which has the same wheelbase but different weights and actuators. Due to the different platforms, the maximum speed that the vehicle can reach is reduced by 1.38% and 2.26% at 6.0 m/s and 8.5 m/s target speeds. When tested on snow and ice surfaces, compared to the max speed on dirt (7.51 m/s), the maximum speed decreased by 48% and 53.9%, respectively. In addition to the significant performance degradation on snow and ice, the
Yang, YimingBos, Jeremy P.
Tesla Model 3 and Model Y vehicles come equipped with a standard dashcam feature with the ability to record video in multiple directions. Front, side, and rear views were readily available via direct USB download. Additional types of front and side views were indirectly available via privacy requests with Tesla. Prior research neither fully explored the four most readily available camera views across multiple vehicles nor field camera calibration techniques particularly useful for future software and hardware changes. Moving GPS instrumented vehicles were captured traveling approximately 7.2 kph to 20.4 kph across the front, side, and rear views available via direct USB download. Reverse project photogrammetry projects and video timing data successfully measured vehicle speeds with an average error of 2.45% across 25 tests. Previously researched front and rear camera calibration parameters were reaffirmed despite software changes, and additional parameters for the side cameras
Jorgensen, MichaelSwinford, ScottImada, KevinFarhat, Ali
It is becoming increasingly common for bicyclists to record their rides using specialized bicycle computers and watches, the majority of which save the data they collect using the Flexible and Interoperable Data Transfer (.fit) Protocol. The contents of .fit files are stored in binary and thus not readily accessible to users, so the purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the differences induced by several common methods of analyzing .fit files. We used a Garmin Edge 830 bicycle computer with and without a wireless wheel speed sensor to record naturalistic ride data at 1 Hz. The .fit files were downloaded directly from the computer, uploaded to the chosen test platforms - Strava, Garmin Connect, and GoldenCheetah - and then exported to .gpx, .tcx and .csv formats. Those same .fit files were also parsed directly to .csv using the Garmin FIT Software Developer Kit (SDK) FitCSVTool utility. The data in those .csv files (henceforth referred to as “SDK data”) were then either directly
Sweet, DavidBretting, Gerald
One of the major issues facing the automated driving system (ADS)-equipped vehicle (AV) industry is how to evaluate the performance of an AV as it navigates a given scenario. The development and validation of a sound, consistent, and transparent dynamic driving task (DDT) assessment (DA) methodology is a key component of the safety case framework (SCF) of the Automated Vehicle – Test and Evaluation Process (AV-TEP) Mission, a collaboration between Science Foundation Arizona and Arizona State University. The DA methodology was presented in earlier work and includes the DA metrics from the recently published SAE J3237 Recommended Practice. This work extends and implements the methodology with an AV developed by OEM May Mobility in four diverse, real-world scenarios: (1) an oncoming vehicle entering the AV’s lane, (2) vulnerable road user (VRU) crossing in front of the AV’s path, (3) a vehicle executing a three-point turn encroaches into the AV’s path, and (4) the AV exhibiting aggressive
Wishart, JeffreyRahimi, ShujauddinSwaminathan, SunderZhao, JunfengFrantz, MattSingh, SatvirComo, Steven Gerard
Energy management strategy is essential for HEV’s to achieve an optimum of energy consumption. With predictive energy management, taking future vehicle speed predicted from ADAS map information, in-vehicle navigation traffic flow status information, and current speed into account, one could anticipate a considerable improvement in energy-saving. The major validating approach widely adopted for energy management algorithms nowadays is real-world vehicle testing, of which the economic and time costs are relatively high. Moreover, with advanced algorithms featuring AI coming into light, putting forward higher requirement in the richness of test cases, the drawback in coverage of vehicle testing is revealed. This paper proposed a MIL/SIL testing approach for predictive energy management algorithms, providing a partial replacement to, and overcome the limitations of, vehicle testing. In the testing setup, random traffic generated by MATLAB® based on real-time traffic condition will be taken
Yan, YueMa, XiudanWei, XinliXiong, JieDeng, YunfeiBradfield, Donald Edward
Real-time traffic event information is essential for various applications, including travel service improvement, vehicle map updating, and road management decision optimization. With the rapid advancement of Internet, text published from network platforms has become a crucial data source for urban road traffic events due to its strong real-time performance and wide space-time coverage and low acquisition cost. Due to the complexity of massive, multi-source web text and the diversity of spatial scenes in traffic events, current methods are insufficient for accurately and comprehensively extracting and geographizing traffic events in a multi-dimensional, fine-grained manner, resulting in this information cannot be fully and efficiently utilized. Therefore, in this study, we proposed a “data preparation - event extraction - event geographization” framework focused on traffic events, integrating geospatial information to achieve efficient text extraction and spatial representation. First
Hu, ChenyuWu, HangbinWei, ChaoxuChen, QianqianYue, HanHuang, WeiLiu, ChunFu, TingWang, Junhua
The rapid advancement of inland waterway transport has led to safety concerns, while real-time high-precision positioning in maritime contexts is essential for enhancing navigation efficiency and safety. To tackle this problem, this paper proposes a method for enhancing the accuracy of maritime Real - Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning using smartphones based on multi-epoch elevation constraints. Firstly, the elevation characteristics of smartphones in a maritime context were analyzed. Subsequently, exploiting the feature of gradual elevation variations when vessels navigate inland rivers, an appropriate sliding window was established to construct elevation constraint values, which were then integrated into the observation equations for filtering computations to boost positioning accuracy. Finally, synchronous observations were carried out using smartphones and geodetic receivers to compare and analyze the positioning accuracy before and after the addition of the elevation constraints
Wumaier, DiliyaerYu, XianwenMu, Hongbo
To meet the requirements of high-precision and stable positioning for autonomous driving vehicles in complex urban environments, this paper designs and develops a multi-sensor fusion intelligent driving hardware and software system based on BDS, IMU, and LiDAR. This system aims to fill the current gap in hardware platform construction and practical verification within multi-sensor fusion technology. Although multi-sensor fusion positioning algorithms have made significant progress in recent years, their application and validation on real hardware platforms remain limited. To address this issue, the system integrates BDS dual antennas, IMU, and LiDAR sensors, enhancing signal reception stability through an optimized layout design and improving hardware structure to accommodate real-time data acquisition and processing in complex environments. The system’s software design is based on factor graph optimization algorithms, which use the global positioning data provided by BDS to constrain
Zhan, KaiDiGao, ChengfaXu, DaweiLan, MinyiDing, Rongjing
From your car’s navigation display to the screen you are reading this on, luminescent polymers — a class of flexible materials that contain light-emitting molecules — are used in a variety of today’s electronics. Luminescent polymers stand out for their light-emitting capability, coupled with their remarkable flexibility and stretchability, showcasing vast potential across diverse fields of application.
For the matching defects of the map matching algorithm based on geometry information or topological information, this paper studies a global matching algorithm based on hidden Markov model and Viterbi algorithm. The candidate segments are selected based on the error circle area, the observation probability is calculated by the distance error and the direction error, the transition probability is calculated based on the distance similarity and the variation trend of distance error, the implicit state sequence of the highest probability (i.e., the best matching track) is calculated by Viterbi algorithm. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Zhang, HongbinZhang, Xu
This study presents a method to evaluate the daily operation of traditional public transportation using multi-source data and rank transformation. In contrast with previous studies, we focuses on dynamic indicators generated during vehicle operation, while ignoring static indicators. This provides a better reference value for the daily operation management of public transport vehicles. Initially, we match on-board GPS data with network and stop coordinates to extract arrival and departure timetable. This helps us calculate dynamic operational metrics such as dwell time, arrival interval, and frequency of vehicle bunching and large interval. By integrating IC card data with arrival timetable, we can also estimate the number of people boarding at each stop and derive passenger arrival time, waiting time, and average waiting time. Finally, we developed a comprehensive dynamic evaluation method of public transportation performance, covering the three dimensions: bus stops, vehicles, and
Zhou, YangShao, YichangHan, ZhongyiYe, Zhirui
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