Browse Topic: Voltage regulators
The methods included in this document are: a Voltage-Temperature Design Margins. b Voltage Interruptions and Transients. c Voltage Dropouts and Dips. d Current Draw Under a Number of Conditions. e Switch Input Noise These methods are best applied during the Development stage but can be used at all stages (e.g., Pre-Qualification, Qualification or Conformity).
This SAE Standard covers the general physical, electrical, functional and performance requirements to facilitate conductive charging of EV/PHEV vehicles in North America. This document defines a common EV/PHEV and supply equipment vehicle conductive charging method including operational requirements and the functional and dimensional requirements for the vehicle inlet and mating connector.
This document establishes methods for characterizing the robustness of vehicle electronic modules to certain environmental stresses. They include: Voltage-Temperature Design Margins Voltage Interruptions-Transients Over Temperature Voltage Dips Current Draw Under a Number of Conditions These methods can be applied during Development, Pre-Qualification, Qualification or for Conformity. This document does not address other environmental robustness stresses such as vibration, high temp exposure, load faults, ESD, etc.
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) outlines the functional and design requirements for a b self-propelled belt conveyor for handling baggage and cargo at aircraft bulk cargo holds. Additional considerations and requirements may legally apply in other countries. As an example, for operation in Europe (E.U. and E.F.T.A.), the applicable EN standards shall be complied with.
The methods included in this document are: a Voltage-Temperature Design Margins. b Voltage Interruptions and Transients. c Voltage Dropouts and Dips. d Current Draw Under a Number of Conditions. e Switch Input Noise These methods are best applied during the Development stage but can be used at all stages (e.g. Pre-Qualification, Qualification or Conformity).
This SAE Standard covers the general physical, electrical, functional and performance requirements to facilitate conductive charging of EV/PHEV vehicles in North America. This document defines a common EV/PHEV and supply equipment vehicle conductive charging method including operational requirements and the functional and dimensional requirements for the vehicle inlet and mating connector.
The scope of this recommended practice encompasses the range of environments which influence the performance and reliability of the electronic equipment designed for heavy duty on and off road vehicles, as well as any appropriate stationary applications which also use these vehicle derived components. A few examples of such vehicles are on and off highway trucks, trailers, buses, construction equipment and agricultural equipment including implements.
The climatic, dynamic, and electrical environments from natural and vehicle-induced sources that influence the performance and reliability of vehicle and tractor/trailer electronic components, are included in this SAE Recommended Practice. Test methods that can be used to simulate these environmental conditions are also included. This information is applicable to diesel power trucks in Classes 6, 7, and 8.
Ford is seeding bits of information about its electric mid-size pickup that is slated to land in 2027. The vehicle is the brainchild of the company's skunkworks division and is set to become the standard by which other new electric vehicles from the blue oval are constructed. The underlying UEV (Universal Electric Vehicle) platform is meant to reduce the cost of EVs so they are comparable with gas vehicles. During a presentation focused on efficiency and how Ford plans to eke every mile it can out of the upcoming vehicle, the automaker shared that the vehicle would have a 48-volt architecture instead of the traditional 12-volt system via a DC-to-DC converter. The converter will step down the power from the 400-volt battery system to 48 volts to power ancillary items in the vehicle.
Electric vehicles present unique challenges in electromagnetic compatibility testing due to compact packaging, high-frequency switching systems. This paper presents a systematic debugging methodology for identifying radiated emission and radiated immunity issues in these EV platforms. A comprehensive approach is outlined, covering radiated emission measurement; Bulk Current Injection based immunity simulation, and near-field probing techniques. For RI evaluation, BCI testing in the 20 to 400 MHz range is used to simulate radiated threats on the vehicle's power and signal harnesses and handy transmitter near field injections for higher frequency simulation. For RE diagnosis, conducted emission measurements on vehicle harnesses are performed using current probes to capture high-frequency currents. Additionally, near-field electric probes are used at the component to identify dominant noise sources such as DC-DC converters, Motor control unit, and improperly grounded shielding. Case
This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a high-efficiency Phase-Shifted Full-Bridge (PSFB) DC-DC converter utilizing Silicon Carbide (SiC) MOSFETs for low-voltage (LV) battery charging in electric vehicle (EV) applications. The converter operates with Peak Current Mode Control (PCMC), enhanced by a digitally implemented slope compensation technique to ensure control loop stability, counter subharmonic oscillations and accurate current regulation across a wide load range. The use of SiC devices enables high switching frequencies operation with reduced conduction losses, contributing to improved efficiency and power density of converter. The hardware design utilizes a planar transformer with shim inductance to enable Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) of the primary switches, thereby reducing switching losses and mitigating transformer flux imbalance. The secondary stage employs diode rectification, while the overall PCB layout is optimized to minimize parasitics and
With the rapid adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), ensuring the reliability, safety, and cost-effectiveness of power electronic subsystems such as onboard chargers, DC-DC converters, and vehicle control units (VCUs) has become a critical engineering focus. These components require thorough validation using precise calibration and communication protocols. This paper presents the development and implementation of an optimized software stack for the Universal Measurement and Calibration Protocol (XCP), aimed at real-time validation of VCUs using next-generation communication methods such as CAN, CAN-FD, and Ethernet. The stack facilitates read/write access to the ECU’s internal memory in runtime, enabling efficient diagnostics, calibration, and parameter tuning without hardware modifications. It is designed to be modular, platform-independent, and compatible with microcontrollers across different EV platforms. By utilizing the ASAM-compliant protocol architecture, the proposed system
University of California San Diego and CEA-Leti scientists have developed a ground-breaking piezoelectric-based DC-DC converter that unifies all power switches onto a single chip to increase power density. This new power topology, which extends beyond existing topologies, blends the advantages of piezoelectric converters with capacitive-based DC-DC converters.
Thanks to the continued growth of electrified machines in the off-highway segment, DC/DC converters are rapidly becoming a crucial component in the supply chain for numerous OEMs for a wide array of applications. Deutronic recently unveiled a new line of DC/DC converters intended for the mass electrification needs of today's off-highway commercial vehicles. The converter's design is said to be durable and compact with high power density that also offers protection from environmental factors such as vibration, shock, and high temperatures. Deutronic's DVCHx3 converter also provides an interlock function, as well as short-circuit, overtemperature and no-load/self-protection features.
As the complexity of electrified powertrains and their architectures continue to grow and thrive, it becomes increasingly important and challenging for the supervisory torque controller to optimize the torque commands of the electric machines. The hybrid architecture considered in this paper consists of an internal combustion engine paired with at least one electric motor and a DC-DC switching converter that steps-up the input voltage, in this case the high voltage battery, to a higher output voltage level allowing the electric machines to operate at a greater torque range and increased torque responsiveness for efficient power delivery. This paper describes a strategy for computing and applying the losses of the converter during voltage transformation to determine the optimal engine and electric motor torque commands. The control method uses a quadratic fit of the losses at the power limits of the torque control system and on optimal motor torque commands, within the constraints of
The driving capability and charging performance of electric vehicles (EVs) are continuously improving, with high-performance EVs increasing the voltage platform from below 500V to 800V or even 900V. To accommodate existing low-voltage public charging stations, vehicles with high-voltage platforms typically incorporate boost chargers. However, these boost chargers incur additional costs, weight, and spatial requirements. Most mature solutions add a DC-DC boost converter, which results in lower charging power and higher costs. Some new methods leverage the power switching devices and motor inductance within the electric drive motor to form a boost circuit using a three-phase current in-phase control strategy for charging. This approach requires an external inductor to reduce charging current ripple. Another method avoids the use of an external inductor by employing a two-parallel-one-series topology to minimize current ripple; however, this reduces charging power and increases the risk
This SAE Recommended Practice covers the design and application of a 120 VAC single phase engine based auxiliary power unit or GENSET. This document is intended to provide design direction for the single phase nominal 120 VAC as it interfaces within the truck 12 VDC battery and electrical architecture providing power to truck sleeper cab hotel loads so that they may operate with the main propulsion engine turned off.
Solar powered UAV mainly relies on solar energy for range, it uses photovoltaic cells to convert solar radiant energy into electric energy for the use of solar powered UAV energy system. In response to the issue of solar powered UAV photovoltaic power supply energy utilization efficiency, an intelligent sliding mode based MPPT control method is proposed to maximize the output power of photovoltaic power supply. Firstly, introduce and analyze the photovoltaic cell model and its output characteristics; Secondly, the DC/DC converter and its MPPT control technology are introduced. Traditional MPPT control methods such as perturbation and observation and incremental conductance have poor adaptability to external environmental changes, the intelligent algorithm has the characteristics of fast rate of convergence and global search, etc. Therefore, on the basis of sliding mode control, this article introduces genetic algorithm for multi-objective function parameter tuning of sliding mode
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