Browse Topic: Switches
Crew Station design in the physical realm is complex and expensive due to the cost of fabrication and the time required to reconfigure necessary hardware to conduct studies for human factors and optimization of space claim. However, recent advances in Virtual Reality (VR) and hand tracking technologies have enabled a paradigm shift to the process. The Ground Vehicle System Center has developed an innovative approach using VR technologies to enable a trade space exploration capability which provides crews the ability to place touchscreens and switch panels as desired, then lock them into place to perform a fully recorded simulation of operating the vehicle through a virtual terrain, maneuvering through firing points and engaging moving and static targets during virtual night and day missions with simulated sensor effects for infrared and night vision. Human factors are explored and studied using hand tracking which enables operators to check reach by interacting with virtual components
Electrification isn't just a matter of switching out the diesel engine for an electric motor. It requires a thorough review of connected systems - particularly the hydraulic system. Using the same components in electric machines as those used in conventional machines often requires more battery power or a larger electric motor. For this reason, OEMs have discovered the need to rethink efficiency and productivity when electrifying machines. MPG Makine Prodüksiyon Grubu learned this firsthand when designing a truck-mounted electric crane for one of its Netherlands-based customers. The Konya, Turkey-based OEM produces truck-mounted hydraulic cranes with folding and telescopic booms as well as aerial work platforms and tree trans-planter machines
Reliable and safe Redundant Steering System (RSS) equipped with Dual-Winding Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (DW-PMSM) is considered an ideal actuator for future autonomous vehicle chassis. The built-in DW-PMSM of the RSS is required to identify various winding’s faults such as disconnection, open circuit, and grounding. When achieving redundant control through winding switching, it is necessary to suppress speed fluctuations during the process of winding switching to ensure angle control precision. In this paper, a steering angle safety control for RSS considering motor winding’s faults is proposed. First, we analyze working principle of RSS. Corresponding steering system model and fault model of DW-PMSM have been established. Next, we design the fault diagnosis and fault tolerance strategy of RSS. Considering the difference in amplitude frequency characteristics of phase current during DW-PMSM winding faults, the Hanning window and Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) is
The bi-stable phenomena of the Ahmed model were experimentally studied at different rear slant angles (31.8 °, 42 °, 50 °, 60 °, 75 °, 90°) and different Reynolds numbers (9.2 × 104, 1.84 × 105, 2.76 × 105). The analysis of pressure gradients both on the base and slant indicate that no bi-stable phenomena were observed at different Reynolds numbers when the slant angle was less than or equal to 50°. However, for the rear slant angles greater than or equal to 60°, the pressure gradients consistently shift between two preferred values at various Reynolds numbers, indicating the presence of bi-stable behavior in the spanwise direction. Therefore, the critical angle for the appearance of bi-stability in the Ahmed model lies within the range of 50° to 60°, and the existence of bistable behavior remains unaffected by the Reynolds number. As the slant angle increases, the switching rate decreases significantly until the angle is greater than 60°. Furthermore, with an increase in Reynolds
Researchers have developed a fluid switch using ionic polymer artificial muscles that operates at ultra-low power and produces a force 34 times greater than its weight. Fluid switches control fluid flow, causing the fluid to flow in a specific direction to invoke various movements
Photoelectric (PE) sensors represent a discrete sensor technology widely used throughout industry. Also called photoelectric switches or photoeyes, they use the presence or absence of light to provide an on/off output to supervisory automation and monitoring systems (Figure 1). Although the technology has been in use for many years, there are many device configurations and some recent advancements worthy of note
This document examines the most important considerations relative to the use of proximity sensing systems for applications on aircraft landing gear. In general, the information included are applicable to other demanding aircraft sensor installations where the environment is equally severe
Manufacturers of automation components have long made pneumatic valve terminals with IP65 and IP67 ratings that can be mounted anywhere on a machine. This is particularly useful for connecting valves as close to pneumatic actuators as possible. Doing so shortens the length of tubing, reduces the occurrence and severity of leaks, and increases actuator performance by shortening cycle times. Decentralized valve terminals communicate with the machine controller or PLC via an industrial Ethernet network. In addition to valves, terminals are configured with input and output modules to allow for easy connection of sensors, switches, and other field-level devices to the industrial network
Worldwide awareness surrounding the need for hygiene was escalated to the extreme by COVID-19. Now that the pandemic’s beginning is a few years in the past, designers and OEMs for machinery and other user-facing equipment are investigating ways to provide an adequate user interface, while minimizing the need for people to touch the controls
Rice University’s Boris Yakobson and collaborators uncovered a property of ferroelectric 2D materials that could be exploited as a feature in future devices. Because they bend in response to an electrical stimulus, single-layer ferroelectric materials can be controlled to act as a nanoscale switch or even a motor, research published in ACS Nano shows
Imagine a home computer operating one million times faster than the most expensive hardware on the market. Now, imagine that level of computing power as the industry standard
Electrical switches of all types activate circuits, send information, and initiate actions. An inertial switch is one that is triggered to activate at a specific acceleration threshold. No power is consumed until the switch is ‘awakened’ by the relevant event, making it ideal for ultra-low power (ULP) and remote applications
To overcome the shortcoming that vehicles with multiple steering modes need to switch steering modes at parking or very low speeds, a dynamic switch method of steering modes based on MOEA/D (Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm Based on Decomposition) was proposed for 4WID-4WIS (Four Wheel Independent Drive-Four Wheel Independent Steering) electric vehicle, considering the smoothness of dynamic switch, the lateral stability of the vehicle and the energy economy of tires. First of all, the vehicle model of 4WID-4WIS was established, and steering modes were introduced and analyzed. Secondly, the conditions for the dynamic switch of steering modes were designed with the goal of stability and safety. According to different constraints, the control strategy was formulated to obtain the target angle of the active wheels. Then aiming at the smoothness of the dynamic switch, the active wheel angle trajectory was constructed based on the B-spline theory. And the MOEA/D algorithm was used to
This document defines the test procedures and performance limits of steady state and transient voltage characteristics for 12 V, 24 V, or 48 V electrical power generating systems used in commercial ground vehicles
Communications systems using higher-frequency electromagnetic waves can transfer more data at faster rates but lack network components to handle these higher bandwidths. Sugar-cubesized blocks of an electromagnetic material can rapidly switch functionality to perform the varied tasks needed to support a network with carrier frequencies of over 100 GHz. The miniscule-scale architecture concealed within the sugar cube blocks generates multiple channels operating simultaneously at different frequencies. Basically, this allows multiple conversations to occur over the same network, which is the heart of highspeed wireless communications
Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells produce a large amount of waste heat while generating electricity through electrochemical reactions, making them suitable for driving combined heating and power (CHP) systems. According to the hourly thermal and electric loads in a two-story villa in Shanghai in summer, a CHP system based on PEMFC with a lithium-ion battery energy storage system and water tank heat storage system is proposed in this paper. The model of CHP system was established on MATLAB/Simulink platform. Switching control strategy and fuzzy control strategy were designed by using electric following strategy, and the CHP system model was simulated and analyzed under the same heat load and electricity load respectively. Simulation results show that the CHP system under the switching control strategy cannot provide heat when the fuel cell is shut down, and the battery in the CHP system under the fuzzy control strategy has the risk of overcharging. Therefore, this paper proposes
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