Browse Topic: Electric cables
The intent of the SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is to provide a process for users to identify the part number of AS7928 terminal lugs installed in civilian or military applications, although it can also be used to identify terminals that have been stored incorrectly. This ARP is subject to change to keep pace with experience and technical advances of AS7928 terminals. A current set of tables are provided to list and identify current AS7928 terminal lug configurations per the associated specification detail sheet and terminal lug configuration. Specific configuration details, graphic, size, and marking information for each individual terminal lug is provided to assist the product user with accurate selection for replacement or identification.
This SAE Standard covers low voltage primary cable intended for use at a nominal system voltage of 60 VDC (25 VAC) or less in surface vehicle electrical systems. The tests are intended to qualify cables for normal applications with limited exposure to fluids and physical abuse.
This SAE Standard covers low voltage battery cable intended for use at a nominal system voltage of 60 VDC (25 VAC) or less in surface vehicle electrical systems. The tests are intended to qualify cables for normal applications with limited exposure to fluids and physical abuse.
This SAE Standard establishes the minimum construction and performance requirements for seven conductor 1/8-1/10-5/12 cable for use on trucks, trailers and converter dollies for 12 VDC nominal applications. Where appropriate, the standard refers to two types of cables (Type F and S, described later in the standard), due to the variation in the performance demands of cables used in flexing and stationary applications.
This SAE Standard establishes the minimum construction and performance requirements for a 15 pole connector between towing vehicles and trailers, for trucks, trailers, and dollies, for 12 VDC nominal applications in conjunction with SAE J2742. The connector accommodates both power and ISO 11992-1 signal circuits along with dual ground wires to accommodate grounding requirements within the constraints of the SAE J2691 terminal capacity.
The goal of the development of an electric aircraft engine is to create an aircraft system that achieves ultimate efficiency using hydrogen fuel instead of fossil fuels. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on reducing weight as much as possible, and this paper describes the approach to such fuel cell-powered aircraft. The authors have adopted a superconducting coreless rotating electric machine with an integrated hydrogen tank and are pursuing a target of 70kg or less for the main components of a 2MW rotating electric machine. High-temperature superconducting cables have zero electrical resistance and can carry a very high current density, but the alternating current (AC) loss generated when used in AC has been an issue in their application to rotating electric machines. In 2023, The SCSC cable was developed to be a low-AC-loss, robust, and high current cable concept, in which copper-plated multifilament coated conductors are wound spirally on a core. In addition to using this
This standard is applicable to the marking of aerospace vehicle electrical wires and cables using ultraviolet (UV) lasers. This standard specifies the process requirements for the implementation of UV laser marking of aerospace electrical wire and cable and fiber-optic cable to achieve an acceptable quality mark using equipment designed for UV laser marking of identification codes on aerospace wire and cable. Wiring specified as UV laser markable subject to AS4373 and which has been marked in accordance with this standard will conform to the requirements of AS50881.
This SAE Standard establishes the minimum construction and performance requirements for single conductor cable for use on trucks, trailers, and converter dollies.
As automotive technology advances, modern vehicles increasingly rely on complex electronics such as cameras, sensors, radar and lidar. These components are critical for advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) and automated driving. With the growing complexity of these systems, automotive manufacturers face challenges in efficiently transmitting both power and data while minimizing weight and system complexity. Power over Coaxial (PoC) technology offers a solution by allowing the transmission of power and data over a single coaxial cable, significantly simplifying vehicle design. With the integration of more electronic systems, especially those required for ADAS and autonomous driving, the demand for power and high-speed data transmission in vehicles has surged. Modern cars now use multiple cameras and sensors, and as vehicle systems continue to evolve, the number of electronic components is expected to increase. This shift places significant demands on the transmission of both data
This ARP specifies the recommended methods of marking electrical wiring and harnesses to aid in the positioning/routing of electrical wiring, harnesses and cable assemblies.
This standard covers a single shielded balanced pair (twisted or parallel) jacketed data cable intended for use in surface vehicle cables for 2.5, 5, and 10 Gb/s Ethernet applications. The tests in this standard are intended to qualify cables for normal operation in an automotive environment while maintaining the necessary electrical properties for reliable data transmission.
The NIST camera is made up of grids of ultrathin electrical wires, cooled to near absolute zero, in which current moves with no resistance until a wire is struck by a photon. In these superconducting-nanowire cameras, the energy imparted by even a single photon can be detected because it shuts down the superconductivity at a particular location (pixel) on the grid. Combining all the locations and intensities of all the photons makes up an image.
Over the past two and one-half decades several metal clad fibers and fabrics have been developed to provide aerospace vehicle designers with a conductive, lighter weight alternative to coated copper, coated stainless steel and steel wire used for cable and wire shielding and harness overbraids on electrical cables. Several of these candidates have been unable to provide the strength or thermal stability necessary for the aerospace environment. However, several polymer-based products have shown remarkable resistance to the rigorous environment of aerospace vehicles. Concurrent with these fiber developments, there have been changes in the structures of aerospace vehicles involving greater use of nonmetallic outer surfaces. This has resulted in a need for increased shielding of electrical cables which adds substantial weight to the vehicle. Thus, a lighter weight shielding material has become more critical to meet the performance requirements of the vehicle. This report covers the
This specification establishes the requirements for various types and colors of electrical insulating sleeving that will shrink to a predetermined size upon the application of heat. This specification includes provisions for demonstrating compliance with qualification requirements (see Section 4 and 7.3), in process inspection, and statistical process control inspections (see 4.4). The continuous operating temperature ranges for the sleeving classes covered by this specification are from -112 to +482 °F (-80 to +250 °C). The continuous operating temperature range for each sleeving class is given in the applicable detail specification.
This test method provides performance data on candidate insulation systems as a function of time and temperature. These data give engineering information on the wire insulation candidate relative to the performance of materials already in use with a backlog of experience. These tests expose candidate insulation systems to a wide range of temperatures for short and long periods of time, while measuring the degradation of its physical properties. For aerospace use, end-point proof tests include mandrel bend, water soak, and dielectric integrity.
This specification defines test methods and performance criteria for ultrasonically welded wire-to-terminal bonds as shown in Figure 1. This specification subjects parts to environmental exposures to simulate a lifetime of field exposure for a road vehicle. Exposures referenced in this specification include thermal shock, temperature humidity cycling, and mechanical stress. This specification is intended to evaluate the strength and performance of the interface between wires and the electrical terminal pad. The graphics used are specific to the linear weld type of process equipment. Validation of the terminal is a separate task (refer to a component validation test such as SAE/USCAR-2). If the weld under test (WUT) is different than described in this section or is subjected to conditions beyond what is typical of automotive use, the test sequence may not be applicable. Ensure that parts used in other conditions are validated for the actual conditions encountered. Vehicle and product
This standard covers ultra-thin wall low voltage primary cable intended for use at a nominal system voltage of 60 VDC (60 VAC rms) or less in surface vehicle electrical systems. The tests are intended to qualify cables for normal applications with limited exposure to fluids and physical abuse. This standard covers SAE conductor sizes which usually differ from ISO conductor sizes.
AS95234 includes reverse bayonet coupling, high current electrical connectors that are watertight and principally used in shipboard, ground vehicles and ground support equipment applications at serve voltages from 200 to 3000 Vrms and temperatures between -55 °C and +125 °C (-67 °F and +257 °F). See 6.1.5 for applications details. For aerospace application connectors, refer to AS50881.
To establish design recommendations that will provide a basis for safe and reliable connections to threaded screw-type or stud-type electrical equipment terminations. These recommendations are directed primarily, but not solely, to the aerospace and ground support equipment industries. Since individual design criteria may alter the details as outlined, it is therefore important that this SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) not be considered mandatory but be used only as a design guidance.
An automotive wiring harness is the backbone of the electrical architecture, and it runs throughout the vehicle to transmit electric power. In a virtual simulation, the mechanical properties of individual strands cannot be considered for the harness bundle (or) cable. Predicting the mechanical properties of electrical cables is a challenging task, and it has major setbacks in virtual simulation. This paper proposes an approach to find out the mechanical properties of an electrical cable and explains how the values are used in virtual simulation. Cable modelling is represented as a lumped mass (or) modelled with a 1D element in the conventional FE modelling approach. In the first part of the study, finite element modelling and material modelling procedures of high and low-voltage electrical cables routed through brackets and troughs are discussed. Mechanical properties are developed using an inverse stiffness characterization method from bench level physical testing in static and
The primary function of this specification is to cover the general requirements for manual reset trip-free arc fault/thermal circuit breakers for use in aircraft electrical systems conforming to MIL-STD-704. As a secondary function, this specification may possibly cover the general requirements for AFCBs for use in primary vehicles, other than aircraft, when mounted directly to the structure.
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) considers the issue of proper design guidance for high voltage electrical systems used in aerospace applications. This document is focused on electrical discharge mechanisms including partial discharge and does not address personnel safety. Key areas of concern when using high voltage in aerospace applications are power conversion devices, electrical machines, connectors and cabling/wiring. The interaction between components and subsystems will be discussed. The AIR is intended for application to high voltage systems used in aerospace vehicles operating to a maximum altitude of 30000 m (approximately 100000 feet), and maximum operating voltages of below 1500 VRMS (AC)/1500 V peak (DC). These upper voltage limits have been incorporated because this report focuses on extending the operating voltage of non-propulsive electrical systems beyond that of existing aerospace systems. It is noted that electrical systems for electrical propulsion may
This SAE Recommended Practice covers the wiring and rectangularly shaped connector standards for all types of trailers whose gross weight does not exceed 4540 kg (10 000 lb). These trailers are grouped in SAE J684 with running light circuit loads not to exceed 7.5 A per circuit. This document provides circuits for lighting, electric brakes, trailer battery charging, and an auxiliary circuit color code and protection for the wiring from hazards or short circuits. Color code is compatible with SAE J560 and ISO 1724-1980(E).
This SAE Standard covers un-shielded balanced single twisted pair data cable intended for use in surface vehicle cables for ≤100 Mb/s Ethernet applications. The tests in this document are intended to qualify cables for normal operation in an automotive environment while maintaining the necessary electrical properties for reliable data transmission.
This specification covers all aspects in Electrical Wiring Interconnection Systems (EWIS) from the selection through installation of wiring and wiring devices and optical cabling and termination devices used in aerospace vehicles. Aerospace vehicles include manned and unmanned airplanes, helicopters, lighter-than-air vehicles, missiles, and external pods.
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes the requirements for various types of identification sleeving that will shrink to a predetermined size upon the application of heat after it has been marked using AS23053 sleeves as basis material. This AS does not cover specific carrier configuration.
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