Browse Topic: Surveillance
Hensoldt Taufkirchen, Germany lothar.belz@Hensoldt.net
Hensoldt Taufkirchen, Germany +49 731-392-3681
Remember what it’s like to twirl a sparkler on a summer night? Hold it still and the fire crackles and sparks but twirl it around and the light blurs into a line tracing each whirl and jag you make.
Collins Aerospace Cedar Rapids, IA 319-295-1000
Surveillance cameras are becoming more commonplace in public environments, as well as finding use in private security and military operations. We are particularly interested in scenarios where a single pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) camera is used to perform surveillance in large outdoor environments, which may include 360-degree horizontal coverage and depths out to 1 km or more. These scenarios exist in many environments such as security for building exteriors, airports, highways, parking lots, and property perimeters; anomaly detection in dense urban environments; and surveillance in military overwatch missions. In environments with many vertical obscurations (e.g., trees and buildings), ground-based cameras will need to be carefully located to provide long-range views. As the elevation of the camera is increased above the ground level, by placement on tall poles or building rooftops, for example, obtaining views of distant regions becomes easier.
The VITA 90 family of standards, also known as VNX+, is being crafted to support the government and commercial requirements for ruggedized, small form factor (SFF), Modular Open Systems Architecture (MOSA) compliant, electronic systems suitable for deployment on small aerial platforms, C5ISR pods, spacecraft, ground vehicles, as well as man-wearable applications. The VITA 90 VNX+ standards borrow heavily from VITA 65, also known as OpenVPX, the family of standards which are arguably the dominant MOSA standards used in today’s avionic, vetronic, and space systems. VNX+ has been selected by the Sensor Open Systems Architecture (SOSA) consortium as a SFF standard to be used for C5ISR sensor payloads in space constrained applications, typical in manned and unmanned air vehicles and spacecraft.
The development of the autonomous applications for dismounted Soldier systems is paramount to defeating our adversaries, such as China and Russia, in future combat. A comprehensive literature review is necessary to assist in defining the best path forward. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD The development of the artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) applications for dismounted Soldier systems is paramount to defeating our adversaries, such as China and Russia, in future combat. A comprehensive AI/ML literature review is a first step toward defining what exists and what can be applied and researched for our nation's defense in future warfare. There is a clear need to use the latest AI/ML technologies in threat identification and elimination without U.S. lives lost. A comprehensive literature review is necessary to assist in defining the best path forward. In theory, networked unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) using onboard cameras may assist in successful
Operating beyond the visible light spectrum, forward-looking infrared (FLIR) cameras use a thermographic imager (camera) that senses infrared radiation, or heat signatures. Advanced FLIR thermal imaging systems capture and display infrared wavelengths that are radiating energy. Infrared thermography consists of three specific wavelengths, including short-wave infrared (SWIR), midwave infrared (MWIR), and long wavelength infrared (LWIR). MWIR imaging cameras have long been the preferred solution for clear thermal imaging at distances greater than one kilometer (km) for defense, unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), counter-UAS, security, and other long-range surveillance applications. To meet these imaging requirements, advanced MWIR camera systems are commonly integrated with infrared telescopes that feature a continuous zoom (CZ) lens assembly. Developing custom cameras and CZ lenses can be costly in terms of time and resources, and it can become complicated.
Will the U.S. Army's attempt to define a universal framework for modular interoperability stifle industry innovation? Answering the challenge of increasingly complex military systems that are harder to upgrade, the U.S. Army has released a set of open system architecture standards. Ensuring an open and common approach to systems architecture, these are the standards that will define the prototypes being built for operational assessment: Command, Control, Computers, Communications, Cyber, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C5ISR) C5ISR/EW Modular Open Suite of Standards (CMOSS) CMOSS Mounted Form Factor (CMFF) While these initiatives attempt to define this universal framework for module interoperability, there's a trade-off between mandating commonality and promoting innovation. As the momentum around CMOSS/CMFF builds, how much room will be left to develop innovative new capabilities and business practices?
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
Developing a methodology for multiple unmanned aircraft assigned to fly optimal trajectories in order to survey and collect a pre-specified amount of data from a fixed, ground-based wireless sensor network. Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio The Department of Defense (DoD) estimates manpower cost is the largest component in the operation of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS). From planning, controlling, supervising, analyzing, replanning, delivering data, and other functions, the human operator currently bares the majority of the burden for these tasks. The most critical phases of mission profiles are often either manually performed or pre-programmed by human operators. These functions “include critical flight operations, navigation, takeoff and landing of unmanned aircraft, and recognition of lost communications requiring implementation of return-to-base procedures.”. Furthermore, UAS that conduct Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR
Red Cat Holdings, Inc. San Juan, Puerto Rico 516-222-2560
The Department of Defense (DoD) estimates manpower cost is the largest component in the operation of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS). From planning, controlling, supervising, analyzing, replanning, delivering data, and other functions, the human operator currently bares the majority of the burden for these tasks.
Aeronautics Group Yavne, Israel 972-8-9433600
Increasingly sophisticated technology must be leveraged in surveillance environments to enable eventually achieving the goal of allowing analysts to increase throughput by managing multiple simultaneous feeds. Maintaining this increased tasking will likely introduce additional workload and fatigue. Fortunately, analysts can currently offload some of these tasks to automation and will, in the future, be able to offload additional tasking to streamline the intelligence analysis process.
BIRD Aerosystems Herzliya, Israel +972 9-972-5700
During the 2021 Modeling and Simulation (M&S) Gap Forum, space intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) modeling was identified as a current/near-future modeling gap. The U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Analysis Center (DAC) submitted an Army M&S Enterprise Capability Gap white paper (Harclerode, 2021) describing a course of action to help fill this gap. The Army Modeling and Simulation Office has funded DAC to develop methodologies for representing performance of commercial, national, and military space and low-earth- orbit assets and their impact on joint operations with a test implementation within the Framework for Capability-based Tactical Analysis Libraries and Simulations (FRACTALS).
Environmental engineering is the study of a dynamic relationship between humans and the environment – how humans impact the environment and how the environment affects humans. Like many other disciplines, environmental engineering has a lot to gain and share from exploring the use of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS).
Hypersonic weapons, unlike ballistic missiles, take unpredictable paths and can evade missile defense systems. To counter hypersonic technologies, radar engineers must build systems that have no holes in coverage and can track such high-speed vehicles. The obstacles radar developers face require collaboration across the board and strategic methods of adapting to evolving advancements.
General Atomics Aeronautical Systems, Inc., Poway, CA
The F-35 Lightning II is an all-weather stealth combat aircraft that is intended to perform warfare strike missions and electronic surveillance capabilities at speeds up to 1.6 Mach. Composites comprise 35% of the airframe weight, with the majority being bismaleimide, as well as some carbon nanotube-re-enforced epoxy, which has a tensile strength approximately 100-times greater than steel. Any deviations in external dimensions can interfere with stealth capabilities, and at supersonic speeds, prove catastrophic to both plane and pilot.
General Atomics Aeronautical Systems Inc. Poway, CA (858) 312-2810
Northrop Grumman Falls Church, VA 703-280-2900
When it comes to long range multi-spectral optical systems, large mirrors play an integral role. Such optical systems are used for defense applications, surveillance and monitoring, as well as for certain commercial applications. For example, large mirrors may be integrated into the optical systems of aircraft like large UAVs. An interesting commercial application is the long-distance aerial monitoring of agricultural field temperature using infrared. The most commonly recognized applications for large mirrors are in the aerospace industry for satellites and telescopes.
Advances in communications enable a safer world in many ways, ranging from health monitoring and diagnosis to reliable connectivity for critical defense systems. However, radio frequency (RF) signals may negatively affect health if exposure is too high, as in the case of errant RF emissions. Concerns also arise over threats to disable critical communications from an event such as an electromagnetic pulse (EMP). An EMP would halt the functioning of much of society by disabling electronics. Using RF signals to trigger attacks with drones or explosive devices is also an issue. Drones have the potential for illegal or threatening uses.
Silent Sentinel Hertfordshire, UK +44 (0) 1920 871734
Cylindrical phased arrays are an attractive aperture for radar applications due to their steering-angle independent gain, beamwidth, polarization, sidelobe levels, and reflection coefficient. Moreover, the ease with which they form omnidirectional and wide–sector–covering transmit beams facilitates ubiquitous radar – allowing the ability to simultaneously see everywhere. The reduced scan time of ubiquitous radar, however, is coupled with an increased dwell time to maintain constant range.
Implementing motion capture devices, 3D vision sensors, and EMG sensors to cross validate multimodality data acquisition and address fundamental research problems involving the representation and invariant description of 3D data, human motion modeling and applications of human activity analysis, and computational optimization of large-scale 3D data. Army Research Office, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina Reliable online recognition and prediction of human actions and activities in temporal sequences has many potential applications in a wide range of Army-relevant fields, ranging from video surveillance, warfighter assistance, human computer interface, intelligent humanoid robots, and unmanned and autonomous vehicles, to diagnosis, assessment and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders, etc. A computational approach for action prediction can extend these findings to machines and also promote further research in human prediction and intention sensing. Apparently, a practical
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