Browse Topic: Vehicle integration

Items (392)
Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) enables requirements, design, analysis, verification, and validation associated with the development of complex systems. Obtaining data for such systems is dependent on multiple stakeholders and has issues related to communication, data loss, accuracy, and traceability which results in time delays. This paper presents the development of a new process for requirement verification by connecting System Architecture Model (SAM) with multi-fidelity, multi-disciplinary analytical models. Stakeholders can explore design alternatives at a conceptual stage, validate performance, refine system models, and take better informed decisions. The use-case of connecting system requirements to engineering analysis is implemented through ANSYS ModelCenter which integrates MBSE tool CAMEO with simulation tools Motor-CAD and Twin Builder. This automated workflow translates requirements to engineering simulations, captures output and performs validations. System
Upase, BalasahebShroff, Roopesh
The automotive subframe, also referred to as a cradle, is a critical chassis structure that supports the engine/electric motor, transmission system, and suspension components. The design of a subframe requires specialized expertise and a thorough evaluation of performance, vehicle integration, mass, and manufacturability. Suspension attachments on the subframe are integral, linking the subframe to the wheels via suspension links, thus demanding high performance standards. The complexity of subframe design constraints presents considerable challenges in developing optimal concepts within compressed timelines. With the automotive industry shifting towards electric vehicles, development cycles have shortened significantly, necessitating the exploration of innovative methods to accelerate the design process. Consequently, AI-driven design tools have gained traction. This study introduces a novel AI model capable of swiftly redesigning subframe concepts based on user-defined raw concepts
Yang, JiongzhiSarkaria, BikramjitKumaraswamy, PrashanthKailkere Srinivas, Praveen
This paper presents a highly integrated 4-in-1 power electronics solution for 800V electric vehicle applications, combining on-board charging (OBC), DC boost charging, traction drive, and high-voltage/low-voltage (HV/LV) power conversion in a single housing. Integration is achieved through the use of motor windings for charging and a custom-designed three-port transformer that magnetically couples HV and LV batteries while ensuring galvanic isolation. The system also employs a three-phase open-ended winding machine (OEWM) to support both single-(1P) and three-phase (3P) AC charging. A dual-bank DC/DC architecture allows for seamless integration of a redundant auxiliary power module (APM), enhancing functional safety and autonomy. In AC charging mode, the three-level (3L) T-type inverter operates as a Vienna rectifier for 3P charging and as a totem-pole power factor correction (PFC) circuit for 1P charging, with the motor windings utilized as PFC inductors. In DC boost charging mode
Wang, YichengTaha, WesamAnand, Aniket
Over the decades, robotics deployments have been driven by the rapid in-parallel research advances in sensing, actuation, simulation, algorithmic control, communication, and high-performance computing among others. Collectively, their integration within a cyber-physical-systems framework has supercharged the increasingly complex realization of the real-time ‘sense-think-act’ robotics paradigm. Successful functioning of modern-day robots relies on seamless integration of increasingly complex systems (coming together at the component-, subsystem-, system- and system-of-system levels) as well as their systematic treatment throughout the life-cycle (from cradle to grave). As a consequence, ‘dependency management’ between the physical/algorithmic inter-dependencies of the multiple system elements is crucial for enabling synergistic (or managing adversarial) outcomes. Furthermore, the steep learning curve for customizing the technology for platform specific deployment discourages domain
Varpe, Harshal BabsahebColeman, JohnSalvi, AmeyaSmereka, JonathonBrudnak, MarkGorsich, DavidKrovi, Venkat N
Automotive chassis components are considered as safety critical components and must meet the durability and strength requirements of customer usage. The cases such as the vehicle driving through a pothole or sliding into a curb make the design (mass efficient chassis components) challenging in terms of the physical testing and virtual simulation. Due to the cost and short vehicle development time requirement, it is impractical to conduct physical tests during the early stages of development. Therefore, virtual simulation plays the critical role in the vehicle development process. This paper focuses on virtual co-simulation of vehicle chassis components. Traditional virtual simulation of the chassis components is performed by applying the loads that are recovered from multi-body simulation (MBD) to the Finite Element (FE) models at some of the attachment locations and then apply constraints at other selected attachment locations. In this approach, the chassis components are assessed
Behera, DhirenLi, FanTasci, MineSeo, Young-JinSchulze, MartinKochucheruvil, Binu JoseYanni, TamerBhosale, KiranAluru, Phani
The integrated vehicle crash safety design provides longer pre-crash preparation time and design space for the in-crash occupant protection. However, the occupant’s out-of-position displacement caused by vehicle’s pre-crash emergency braking also poses challenges to the conventional restraint system. Despite the long-term promotion of integrated restraint patterns by the vehicle manufacturers, safety regulations and assessment protocols still basically focus on traditional standard crash scenarios. More integrated crash safety test scenarios and testing methods need to be developed. In this study, a sled test scenario representing a moderate rear-end collision in subsequence of emergency braking was designed and conducted. The bio-fidelity of the BioRID II ATD during the emergency braking phase is preliminarily discussed and validated through comparison with a volunteer test. The final forward out-of-position displacement of the BioRID II ATD falls within the range of volunteer
Fei, JingWang, PeifengQiu, HangLiu, YuShen, JiajieCheng, James ChihZhou, QingTan, Puyuan
Competitive companies constantly seek continuous increases in productivity, quality and services level. Lean Thinking (LT) is an efficient management model recognized in organizations and academia, with an effective management approach, well consolidated theoretically and empirically proven Within Industry 4.0 (I4.0) development concept, manufacturers are confident in the advantages of new technologies and system integration. The combination of Lean and I4.0 practices emerges from the existence of a positive interaction for the evolutionary step to achieve a higher operational performance level (exploitation of finances, workload, materials, machines/devices). In this scenario where Lean Thinking is an excellent starting point to implement such changes with a method and focus on results; that I4.0 offers powerful technologies to increase productivity and flexibility in production processes; but people need to be more considered in processes, in a context aligned with the Industry 5.0
Braggio, LuisMarinho, OsmarSoares, LuisLino, AlanRabelo, FábioMuniz, Jorge
Properly sized under hood components in an electric vehicle is important for effective thermal cooling at different load conditions. Powertrain aggregate loop plays significant role in generating heat with heat sources like eMotor, inverter, variable frequency drivers, on board charger and so on. Radiator being the most critical part in electric vehicle which acts as a heat sink for these powertrain components. Radiator with the help of coolant removes heat generated by different components in powertrain loop. It becomes important to understand the heat generated by the powertrain components at different drive/load scenarios and decide on the correctly sized radiator and fan. Rightly sized radiator and fan combination helps to balance the tradeoff of precise thermal needs in eTruck to an oversized/undersized component. Main objective of this study is to estimate heat loads from system model representing powertrain aggregate components to study the existing radiator capacity and propose
Koti, ShivakumarPatel, VedantChalla, KrishnaGurdak, Michael
Automotive radar plays a crucial role in object detection and tracking. While a standalone radar possesses ideal characteristics, integrating it within a vehicle introduces challenges. The presence of vehicle body, bumper, chassis, and cables in proximity influences the electromagnetic waves emitted by the radar, thereby impacting its performance. To address these challenges, electromagnetic simulations can guide early-stage design modifications. However, operating at very high frequencies around 77GHz and dealing with the large electrical size of complex structures demand specialized simulation techniques to optimize radar integration scenarios. Thus, the primary challenge lies in achieving an optimal balance between accuracy and computational resources/simulation time. This paper outlines the process of radar vehicle integration from an electromagnetic perspective and demonstrates the derivation of optimal solutions through RF simulation.
Rao, SukumaraM K, Yadhu Krishnan
Thermal management is paramount in electric vehicles (EVs) to ensure optimal performance, battery longevity, and overall safety. This paper presents a novel approach to improving the efficiency of cooling systems in automotive passenger vehicles, focusing specifically on battery circuits and e-motor cooling. Current systems employ separate pumps, degassing tanks, valves, and numerous mechanical components, resulting in complex layouts and increased assembly efforts. The primary challenge with the existing setup lies in its complexity and the associated drawbacks, including heat energy loss, increased weight, and space constraints. Moreover, the traditional approach necessitates a significant number of components, leading to higher system costs and maintenance requirements. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an integrated cooling system where the pump, degassing tank, and valves are consolidated into a single housing. This streamlined design reduces the component count by
Anandan, RamThiyagarajan, RajeshSharma, AkashVenkataraman, P
The once rarified field of Artificial Intelligence, and its subset field of Machine Learning have very much permeated most major areas of engineering as well as everyday life. It is already likely that few if any days go by for the average person without some form of interaction with Artificial Intelligence. Inexpensive, fast computers, vast collections of data, and powerful, versatile software tools have transitioned AI and ML models from the exotic to the mainstream for solving a wide variety of engineering problems. In the field of braking, one particularly challenging problem is how to represent tribological behavior of the brake, such as friction and wear, and a closely related behavior, fluid consumption (or piston travel in the case of mechatronic brakes), in a model. This problem has been put in the forefront by the sharply crescendo-ing push for fast vehicle development times, doing high quality system integration work early on, and the starring role of analysis-based tools in
Antanaitis, David
In order to improve the obstacle avoidance ability of autonomous vehicles in complex traffic environments, speed planning, path planning, and tracking control are integrated into one optimization problem. An integrated vehicle trajectory planning and tracking control method combining a pseudo-time-to-collision (PTC) risk assessment model and model predictive control (MPC) is proposed. First, a risk assessment model with PTC probability is proposed by considering the differentiation of the risk on the relative motion states of the self and front vehicles, and the obstacle vehicles in the lateral and longitudinal directions. Then, a three-degrees-of-freedom vehicle dynamics model is established, and the MPC cost function and constraints are constructed from the perspective of the road environment as well as the stability and comfort of the ego-vehicle, combined with the PTC risk assessment model to optimize the control. Finally, a complex multi-vehicle obstacle avoidance scenario is
Yang, TaoLiu, LiangXu, Zhaoping
Under complex and extreme operating conditions, the road adhesion coefficient emerges as a critical state parameter for tire force analysis and vehicle dynamics control. In contrast to model-based estimation methods, intelligent tire technology enables the real-time feedback of tire-road interaction information to the vehicle control system. This paper proposes an approach that integrates intelligent tire systems with machine learning to acquire precise road adhesion coefficients for vehicles. Firstly, taking into account the driving conditions, sensor selection is conducted to develop an intelligent tire hardware acquisition system based on MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) three-axis acceleration sensors, utilizing a simplified hardware structure and wireless transmission mode. Secondly, through the collection of real vehicle experiment data on different road surfaces, a dataset is gathered for machine learning training. This dataset is subsequently analyzed to discern the tire
Han, ZongzhiLiu, WeidongLiu, DayuGao, ZhenhaiZhao, Yang
In the automotive industry, thermal management plays a very important role to solve the problems of energy saving and emission. The under hood thermal management is one of the critical aspects in vehicle thermal management since it caters to critical aspects of engine cooling, charge air cooling, air conditioning and turbocharger cooling. The appropriate thermal management of these critical components is necessary for ensuring the appropriate performance by the vehicle. Hence, under-hood thermal management is the core of the integrated vehicle thermal management. In the thermal management analysis approaches, the numerical simulation is widely adopted as an important approach. Hence, in this paper a model is developed in MATLAB to handle 1D parametric analysis of the cooling system, while reducing the testing time and resources taken for the product development. The developed model can be used to evaluate multiple aggregate options for CAC, Radiator, Engine, Fan etc. The model predicts
P V, NavaneethPrasad, Suryanarayana A NML, Sankar
Today, the battery development process for automotive applications is relatively decoupled from the vehicle integration and system validation phase. Battery pack design targets are often disregarded at very early development phases even though they are thoroughly linked to the vehicle-level requirements such as performance, lifetime and cost. Here, AVL proposes a methodology guided by virtual testing techniques to frontload vehicle-level validation tasks in the earlier phase of battery pack testing. This paper focuses on the benefits of the methodology for both battery suppliers and automotive OEMs. Applications will be explained, based on a modular virtual testing toolchain, which involves the simulation platform and models as well as the generation of model parameters and test cases.
Kolar, AlesSantiago, PrabhuKural, Emre
Electric technology has gradually changed the form of energy use in transportation. Electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft (eVTOL) will become an important means of transportation in the future, bringing significant changes to urban transportation and providing a more convenient and comfortable travel experience for people. eVTOLs are being extensively researched and developed by the global aviation industry as well as by many innovative technology companies. In this paper, we focus on the system design and testing of the four-axis and eight-propeller eVTOL. The overall parameters of the aircraft are defined, and the energy and power architecture design and analysis are carried out. Carry out the hybrid power supply design of lithium battery and fuel cell, and complete the parameter matching design of power system. The lithium battery and fuel cell hybrid power supply, single propeller test, dual propeller test, system integration verification were carried out, and finally the
Li, HongliangLuo, ZhongpeiDong, WeiWang, Fujing
To many, a digital twin offers “functionality,” or the ability to virtually rerun events that have happened on the real system and the ability to simulate future performance. However, this requires models based on the physics of the system to be built into the digital twin, links to data from sensors on the real live system, and sophisticated algorithms incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). All of this can be used for integrated vehicle health management (IVHM) decisions, such as determining future failure, root cause analysis, and optimized energy performance. All of these can be used to make decisions to optimize the operation of an aircraft—these may even extend into safety-based decisions. The Adoption of Digital Twins in Integrated Vehicle Health Management, however, still has a range of unsettled topics that cover technological reliability, data security and ownership, user presentation and interfaces, as well as certification of the digital twin’s
Phillips, Paul
This standard only defines interconnect, electrical and logical (functional) requirements for the interface between a Micro Munition and the Host. The physical and mechanical interface between the Micro Munition and Host is undefined. Individual programs will define the relevant requirements for physical and mechanical interfaces in the Interface Control Document (ICD) or system specifications. It is acknowledged that this does not guarantee full interoperability of Interface for Micro Munitions (IMM) interfaces until further standardization is achieved.
AS-1B Aircraft Store Integration Committee
In recent years, the complexity and sophistication of electronic and Electrical (E/E) systems in modern vehicles have been rapidly increasing. As a result, the need for a robust and scalable E/E architecture has become increasingly important. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the current state-of-the-art in E/E architecture for automotive systems. The survey covers a range of topics including hardware and software architectures, communication protocols, safety and security considerations, and system integration. We also review recent advances in E/E architecture such as the adoption of service-oriented architecture (SOA), the use of Ethernet-based networks, and the increasing use of software-defined architectures. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and open research directions in E/E architecture such as the integration of emerging technologies like autonomous driving and the impact of electric and hybrid vehicles. The survey provides a valuable resource for
N, VigneshKumar, MiteshAchuthan, BalasubramanianBadade, ShivajiShivakumar, PrakashKeshri, Ajeet
The purpose of this SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is to provide guidance for aircraft engine and propeller systems (hereafter referred to as propulsion systems) certification for cybersecurity. Compliance for cybersecurity requires that the engine control, propeller control, monitoring system, and all auxiliary equipment systems and networks associated with the propulsion system (such as nacelle systems, overspeed governors, and thrust reversers) be protected from intentional unauthorized electronic interactions (IUEI) that may result in an adverse effect on the safety of the propulsion system or the airplane. This involves identification of security risks, their mitigation, verification of protections, and their maintenance in service. This document is intended to serve as suitable guidance for propulsion system manufacturers and applicants for propulsion system type certification. It is also intended to provide guidance for subsequent propulsion system integration into
E-36 Electronic Engine Controls Committee
The Army can increase its software modernization effort for Embedded System software development by leveraging the Cloud to expand the capability of the DevSecOps environment to include automated testing at scale. The Cloud will support the integration of current and new off-the-shelf technologies; and merging next generation technologies from industry partners into a coherent DevSecOps Cloud ecosystem. The following areas are critical to meeting mission requirements and applications: virtual simulation, trade study analytics, technology adoption, DevSecOps capabilities, artificial intelligence applications and infrastructure, and collaborative single vehicle Systems Integration Laboratory (SIL). These areas are all essential to shortening the vehicle product lifecycle and time to deliver mission essential capabilities to the field to support warfighter needs.
Brabbs, JohnJones, B. Colby
A digital twin is a virtual model that accurately imitates a physical asset. This can be as complex as an entire vehicle, a subsystem, and down to a small functioning component. The digital twin has a level of fidelity that aligns to the goals of the project team. The usage of a digital twin inside a digital engineering (DE) ecosystem permits architecture and design decisions for optimized product behavior, performance, and interactions. This paper demonstrates a methodology to incorporate the digital twin concept from requirement analysis, low fidelity feature level simulation, rapid prototypes running inside a System Integration Lab, and high fidelity virtual prototypes executing in an entirely virtual environment.
Kanon, Robert J.Griffin, Kevin W.Fernando, RaveenShah, AmirKouba, RussFeury, Mark
ABSTRACT Multiple Soldier Virtual and Operational Experiments have shown that Ground Vehicle Paired Unmanned Aircraft Systems are transformative for future Army Operations. Previous prototyping exercises have demonstrated that existing Department of Defense and industry standards are insufficient in supporting the Army’s desired interoperability and capability needs. The U.S. Army chartered an effort to develop a Modular Open System Approach for Ground Vehicle Paired UAS which is still being developed. The history of the task and an outline of the architecture is presented along with lessons learned regarding MOSA initiatives and design processes which may help future MOSA efforts. Citation: S. Watza, N. Cooper, “Design of a Ground Vehicle Paired Unmanned Aircraft System Modular Open System Approach for the U.S. Army Robotic and Autonomous System’s Ground Interoperability Profile,” In Proceedings of the Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium (GVSETS), NDIA, Novi
Watza, SpencerCooper, Neil
As demand for consumer electric vehicles (EVs) has drastically increased in recent years, manufacturers have been working to bring heavy-duty EVs to market to compete with Class 6-8 diesel-powered trucks. Many high-profile companies have committed to begin electrifying their fleet operations, but have yet to implement EVs at scale due to their limited range, long charging times, sparse charging infrastructure, and lack of data from in-use operation. Thus far, EVs have been disproportionately implemented by larger fleets with more resources. To aid fleet operators, it is imperative to develop tools to evaluate the electrification potential of heavy-duty fleets. However, commercially available tools, designed mostly for light-duty vehicles, are inadequate for making electrification recommendations tailored to a fleet of heavy-duty vehicles. The main challenge is that light-duty tools do not estimate real-time vehicle mass, a factor that has a disproportionate impact on the energy
Badheka, AadityaEagon, Matthew JohnFakhimi, SetayeshWiringa, PeterMiller, EricKotz, AndrewNorthrop, William
MOSA (Modular Open System Approach) provides a framework for efficient and sustainable design of complex integrated systems. In domain of embedded technology, the MOSA as-is does a good job in identifying modular software and hardware frameworks required to establish a common baseline for generic open architecture. On the other hand, it does not cover physical aircraft integration, integration methodology and other constituent elements essential for design of robust interfaces and integrated embedded systems, which are owned by OEMs and their suppliers. The definition of open interfaces is a key constituent in definition of MOSA-compliant architectures. An efficient system integration lifecycle requires unambiguous interfacing among hosted functions. Open interfaces and Ethernet are core system integration technologies and should be integrated and configured with other software/hardware framework elements, to enable hard RT, real-time and soft-time application hosting. The system
Jakovljevic, MirkoFinnegan, DanielZischka, WolframSoares, Alvaro
EV battery enclosures are a hotbed of subsystem design, materials innovation and vehicle integration. Whether you call them packs, boxes or trays, the structures that envelop and protect EV battery cells and their supporting electrical and thermal-management hardware are among the industry's top subsystem priorities. Optimizing the battery pack involves a host of manufacturing and material choices, mass and package tradeoffs, safety provisions and structural design/engineering challenges, OEM and supplier experts told SAE Media. “Do you want the battery pack bolted into the vehicle or integrated into the body structure?” asked Darren Womack, senior department manager, body and structures, at Magna's global R&D group. Hot stamping, cold stamping, roll-forming, hydroforming, casting and steel, aluminum, composites and thermoplastics - are all raising “lively discussions” in pack development, he noted at a recent meeting of analysts.
Brooke, Lindsay
Upstarts and heavy-hitter suppliers alike are fast-tracking advances in existing technology - as well as radical new solutions. Electric powertrain development continues at a fervent pace as OEMs, suppliers and startups try to optimize current technology while forging ahead into new areas. Although battery engineering and development enjoys almost daily industry discussion, traction motor and power electronics remain the investment focus of many established and startup suppliers. Efficiencies gained in these systems can significantly reduce an EV's required amount of expensive battery capacity. It's a rapidly expanding market, seemingly with plenty of room for myriad new players and fresh ideas. Vitesco Technologies, the powertrain supplier spun from Continental in 2019, has committed to electrification in all future development. As a result, it generated $888 million in revenue in 2021. Thomas Stierle, head of the the company's Electrification Solutions division, said it expects
Clonts, Chris
This paper aims to design a system to generate energy from flowing wind due to the motion of a vehicle on the road or from the flow of wind in compact areas to utilize the wasteful energy into a useful one. It is envisaged via a design and the improvement in efficiency of a Savonius Vertical Axis Wind Turbine and coupled in an integrated system with a Triboelectric Nanogenerator (TENG) that can generate a good amount of electrical energy. Aerodynamic calculations are performed numerically using a CFD Software, and the efficiency of the TENG is evaluated analytically. The Turbine's coefficient of power is validated with the literature for an inlet velocity of 7 m/s with a Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) of 0.75 and found to reasonably agree with that of experimental results. The baseline design is modified with a new blade arc angle and rotor position angle based on the recommended parameter ranges suggested by previous researchers. Simulations have been performed for different TSR values ranging
Dadhich, BhaveshBamnoliya, FenilRajasingh, EdisonSenthilkumar, Sundararaj
Active systems, from active safety to energy management, play a crucial role in the development of new road vehicles. However, the increasing number of controllers creates an important issue regarding complexity and system integration. This article proposes a high-level controller managing the individual active systems—namely, Torque Vectoring (TV), Active Aerodynamics, Active Suspension, and Active Safety (Anti-lock Braking System [ABS], Traction Control, and Electronic Stability Program [ESP])—through a dynamic state variation. The high-level controller is implemented and validated in a simulation environment, with a series of tests, and evaluate the performance of the original design and the proposed high-level control. Then, a comparison of the Virtual Driver (VD) response and the Driver-in-the-Loop (DiL) behavior is performed to assess the limits between virtual simulation and real-driver response in a lap time condition. The main advantages of the proposed design methodology are
de Carvalho Pinheiro, HenriqueCarello, Massimiliana
In this article, the integrated vehicle stability control strategy by a combination of active suspension (AS), torque vectoring control (TVC), and direct yaw control (DYC) is proposed to investigate the improvement of vehicle stability. By considering the differences of control targets for variable vehicle subsystems, the proposed strategy includes the three levels of hierarchical structure to coordinate these vehicle subsystems for optimal functions in relation to the vehicle subsystems. At the upper level, the vehicle estimates the posture and dynamic state. At the middle level of the structure, the method of coordination is introduced. Furthermore, the designed AS is based on H∞ logic theory. The TVC design is based on the principle of indirect yaw moment theory, and the DYC design is based on linear quadratic regulator (LQR) control algorithm are demonstrated at the lower level. In order to verify the control effect, the MATLAB/Simulink platform is used for the establishment of the
Hu, ZhimingLiao, YinshengLiu, JianjianXu, Haolun
Carbon/Carbon brakes in Racing are in use since the 80’s, directly derived from aircraft brake materials. Racing cars evolved so much since then that dedicated materials, design, quality tools, simulation & testing tools have been developed through the years. Today a Racing car brake is no longer just a brake but it’s a very integrated system in the vehicle aerodynamics, a way to control tyre temperature and to optimize BBW system strategy in order to improve overall performance. Brembo effort on C/C brake materials will be shown, including: new patented/patent pending fiber architectures to tune desired final mechanical/thermal properties self-developed CFD and chemical simulation of CVD furnaces to optimize product variability and maximize production efficiency self-developed non-destructive quality tests to check 100% of actual production advanced structural and CFD models to achieve efficient extreme cooling patterns materials that may be tuned to the thermal, mechanical, friction
Cividini, OmarPassoni, Raffaello
ABSTRACT Hardware/software integrated system ensures a system will operate as intended in the same configuration it will be used in the field. Manual system testing can be a very slow and error prone process, as well as being incapable of testing interfaces that humans cannot interact with. Many existing solutions exist to introduce test hardware into the loop for verifying systems, but most of these solutions provide a separate component for each hardware interface. This paper presents an approach for a single integrated system that can test all hardware interfaces of a system under test, managed by a single controller. This test system provides the capability to abstract away the hardware being tested so a test developer can develop tests while only understanding the manual interfaces of the system being tested. We show that this approach can provide a significant acceleration to the time to execute tests, as well as improving the reliability, and consistency of the tests. Citation
Lingg, MichaelKushnier, Timothy JProenza, RodolfoPaul, HowardGrimes, BrendanThompson, Emory
ABSTRACT Vehicle design today takes longer than it ever has in the past largely due to the abundance of requirements, standards, and new design techniques; this trend is not likely to change any time soon. This paper will explore how advancements in gaming engines can be leveraged to bring realistic visualization and virtual prototypes to the beginning of the design cycle, integrate subsystems earlier in the design, provide advanced simulation capabilities, and ensure that the final design not only meets the requirements but is fully vetted by stakeholders and meets the needs of the platform. The Unreal Engine and Bravo Framework can be used to bring this and more to vehicle designs to reduce design churn and bring better products to market faster. Citation: A. Diepen, O. Vazquez, A. Black, C. Gaff “Leveraging Simulation Tools to Accelerate Design,” In Proceedings of the Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium (GVSETS), NDIA, Novi, MI, Aug. 16-18, 2022.
Diepen, AndyVazquez, OrlandoBlack, AndrewGaff, Chuck
ABSTRACT As U.S. Army leadership continues to invest in novel technological systems to give warfighters a decisive edge for mounted and dismounted operations, the Integrated Visual Augmentation System (IVAS) and other similar systems are in the spotlight. Continuing to put capable systems that integrate fighting, rehearsing, and training operations into the hands of warfighters will be a key delineator for the future force to achieve and maintain overmatch in an all-domain operational environment populated by near-peer threats. The utility and effectiveness of these new systems will depend on the degree to which the capabilities and limitations of humans are considered in context during development and testing. This manuscript will survey how formal and informal Human Systems Integration planning can positively impact system development and will describe a Helmet Mounted Display (HMD) case study.
Michelson, StuartRay, Jerry
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice recommends general criteria for the development and installation of an aircraft emergency signal system to permit any crew member (flight or cabin) to inform all other crew members that an emergency evacuation situation exists and that an evacuation has been or should be immediately started.
S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee
Members of the electric vehicle industry gathered at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in early April to evaluate enhanced cybersecurity for the connections between EVs and charging infrastructure. As more EVs enter the market and connect to the electrical grid, potentially exposing cyber vulnerabilities, vehicle security is drawing increased interest. The collaborative event supports a two-year project led by SAE International to strengthen EV cybersecurity through wide industry engagement on pre-competitive research and technology prototyping in the EV charging space. The event, held at NREL's Golden, Colorado Energy Systems Integration Facility, was organized to evaluate the application of public key infrastructure (PKI) - a method for encrypting information exchange and certifying the trusted authenticity of devices - to help protect the connection between vehicles and charging stations. Although PKI had been adopted for many industries, this kind of authentication
Weisenberger, Tim
The advent of electrified propulsion in the aerospace sector, captured in microcosm by the fast-emerging eVTOL market, both threatens to upset the establishment of major aerospace players and offers significant new opportunities for start-up companies. In all cases, it is forcing a marriage of system simulation and architecture definition techniques from markets already meeting these challenges, such as automotive. The demands of these aerospace applications are causing engineers on both sides to find the best blend of tools and approaches to meet their goals.
Emission reduction from Natural gas-fired reciprocating engines (NGFREs) is of high priority to regulatory agencies due to their significant contribution to overall pollutant emissions. NGFREs are well-known for their simplicity and are designed mainly to work at specific Air-to-Fuel ratios (AFRs). The AFR has been used as an effective parameter to control emissions in modern engines. However, such AFR control systems are not present in many NGFREs. To solve this challenge, a novel, cost-effective retrofit kit is proposed here that can be integrated with typical NGFREs to control AFR and improve their performance and emissions at a wide range of operating conditions. The retrofit kit comprises an air bypass mechanism combined with a control unit and amperometric sensors adapted from the automobile industry. The amperometric sensors operate in the limiting current region, which enables the measurement of a wide range of NOx/O2 concentrations. This paper thoroughly describes these
Hassan, Hafiz AhmadHartless, MatthewJha, PrabhatKazempoor, Pejman
Aiming at solving the battery electric vehicle (BEV) problems of high energy consumption and low efficiency in heating at low temperature, this study takes the thermal management system of BEV as the research object and develops an integrated thermal management control system based on heat pump air-conditioning for BEV. First, the functional requirements and optimal operating temperature range of each BEV subsystem are defined. Second, on the basis of the thermodynamic cycle principle of the air-conditioning system and compared with the traditional positive temperature coefficient thermistor (PTC) heating mode, the high heating efficiency and low energy consumption advantages of the heat pump system in winter are highlighted. Third, combined with the special structural characteristics of BEV, a hybrid heating scheme (i.e., heat pump system + PTC) is proposed, and a “motor/electronic control system waste heat recovery” scheme is formulated to realize the secondary recovery of energy
Zeng, XiaohuaHuang, YufengSong, DafengGao, Fuwang
This article concerns an improved vector control model. This model is developed in a phase which comes just before the phase of its integration on electronic boards such as those with Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or Digital Signal Processor (DSP). The innovative character of this model is based on the replacement of the average model of the Direct Current (DC) to Alternating Current (AC) converter powering a synchronous motor with permanent magnets by a precise model considering the transient model of the power transistors, electromagnetic switches, and diodes. The overall model generates the six DC-AC converter control signals to regulate the speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) using the technique of back electromotive forces compensation to reduce the power chain energy consumption for variable rectilinear speed operation. This model makes it possible to consider the role of diodes. This phenomenon is not considered by the average models of static DC-AC
Hadj Abdallah, SaberTounsi, Souhir
Evolving of aircraft design towards further electrification requires safe and fault-free operation of all the components. More electric aircraft are increasingly utilizing electro-mechanical actuators (EMA). EMAs are prone to jamming and subsequent failure due to large forces on the shaft. Large forces are generated due to the high reflected inertia of the electric machine rotor. To limit the force acting on the shaft, a torque limiting device is connected to the power train which can separate the rotating mass of the electric machine from the power train. In this paper, a concept of integration of torque limiter and the electric machine rotor is presented to reduce overall volume and mass. It is connected closely with the rotor, within the motor envelope. A commercially available torque limiter and an electric machine designed for actuator application are used to demonstrate the concept. While essential for safety, the torque limiter adds to the mass and size of the overall EMA
Ilkhani, Mohammad RezaSyed, Shahjahan AhmadConnor, Peter H.Vakil, GaurangGerada, ChrisRashed, MohamedBenarous, Maamar
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) outlines a development, design/repair, and industrial guidance for systems using additive manufacturing (AM) to respond to aircraft requirement specifications. These recommendations reflect procedures that have been effective for designing/repairing metallic alloy components.
AMS AM Additive Manufacturing Metals
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