Browse Topic: Mining vehicles and equipment

Items (201)
Autonomous vehicles for mining operations offer increased productivity, reduced total cost of ownership, decreased maintenance costs, improved reliability, and reduced operator exposure to harsh mining environments. A large flow of data exists between the remote operation and the ore haul vehicle, and part of the data becomes information for the maintenance sector which it monitors the operating conditions of various systems. One of the systems deserving attention is the suspension system, responsible for keeping the vehicle running and within a certain vibration condition to keep the asset operational and productive. Thus, this work aims to develop a digital twin-assisted system to evaluate the harmonic response of the vehicle’s body. Two representations were created based on equations of motion that modeled the oscillatory behavior of a mass-damper system. One of the representations indicates a quarter of the ore transport truck’s hydraulic system in a healthy state, called a virtual
Rosa, Leonardo OlimpioBranco, César Tadeu Nasser Medeiros
Crawler Dozers play a critical role in global construction, mining and industrial sectors, performing essential tasks like pushing the material, grading, leveling and scraping. In the highly competitive dozer market, meeting the growing demand for increased productivity requires strategies to enhance blade capacity and width. Dozer operations involve pushing the material and dozing, where blade capacity significantly influences performance. Factors such as mold board profile, blade height, and width impact the blade capacity which are crucial for productivity in light weight applications such as snow removal and dirt pushing. Blade width is also pivotal for grading and leveling tasks. Traditional blade designs, like straight or fixed U-type blades, constrain operator flexibility, limiting overall productivity. The integration of hydraulic-operated foldable wings on both sides of the blade offers the adaptability to adjust blade capacity which also helps to reduce material spillage
Sahoo, Jyoti PrakashSarma, Neelam Kumar
Komatsu introduced its first battery-electric load-haul-dump (LHD) machine, the WX04B, at the MINExpo tradeshow in September. The WX04B is designed specifically for narrow vein mines in underground hard rock mining operations. Komatsu is pairing the electric LHD with its new OEM-agnostic 150-kW battery charger that was also revealed in Las Vegas. The 4-tonne WX04B LHD features what Komatsu claims is best-in-class energy density, offering up to four hours of runtime on a single charge. The Li-ion NMC (nickel-manganese-cobalt) battery from Proterra has a capacity of 165 kWh and nominal voltage of 660 V. Fewer charge cycles are needed compared to competitors, the company claims, which helps to maximize operational efficiency and minimize downtime. Proterra and Komatsu began their collaboration on the LHD's H Series battery system in 2021, long before Komatsu's acquisition of American Battery Solutions (ABS) in December 2023
Gehm, Ryan
Clean-burning fuels, aftertreatment and other innovations place the heavy-duty combustion engine on a low-carbon emissions trajectory. Agriculture, industrial, mining, construction, freight transport and other major global economy sectors rely on vehicle power to thrive. “Internal combustion engines - those powered by gasoline, diesel, natural gas or propane - really are key to our current economy, and we see [the ICE] as a key part of our energy future,” Allen Schaeffer, executive director of the Engine Technology Forum, a U.S.-based educational organization, said during a September webinar. Hosted by the Engine Technology Forum, the “Taking Internal Combustion Engines to the Next Level” session focused on current and under-development innovations aimed at increasing engine efficiency and lowering emissions
Buchholz, Kami
December is a good time to reflect on the past year - to celebrate successes and consider opportunities for improvement - but it is also an opportune time to look to the future. As I think about the year ahead and appraise the tradeshow landscape that'll provide significant content for this magazine, mobilityengineeringtech.com, our e-newsletters and other multimedia products, none is bigger than Bauma in Munich, Germany, particularly in terms of the global construction and mining vehicle industries. The triennial event will cover an area that's equivalent to 86 soccer fields, according to Stefan Rummel, CEO of Messe München GmbH. Speaking to the press during an October virtual preview of Bauma 2025, which takes place from April 7-13, Rummel said that the number of exhibitors - expected to be about 3,600 - will be closer to the 2019 event versus the post-COVID-19 edition that was pushed back from its usual spring timeslot to the fall of 2022
Gehm, Ryan
Geometric methods based on Reeds–Shepp (RS) curves offer a practical approach for the parking path planning of unmanned mining truck, but discontinuous curvature can cause tire wear and road damage. To address this issue in mine scenario, a continuous curvature parking path planning method based on transition curve and model predictive control (MPC) is proposed for mine scenarios. Initially, according to the shovel position information issued by the cloud dispatching platform, a reference line is planned using RS curves. In order to mitigate the wear and tear of the tires and the damage to unstructured roads due to the in situ steering caused by the sudden change of the curvature, a transition curve consisting of clothoid–arc–clothoid that satisfies the kinematics of continuous vehicle steering is designed on the basis of RS curves to achieve the continuity of road curvature, which will contribute to the economy of tire and handling performance. The calculation of Fresnel integral
Zhang, HaosenChen, QiushiWu, Guangqiang
Today’s engines used in Agriculture, Mining and Construction are designed for robustness and cost. Here, the Diesel powertrain is the established mainstream solution, offering long operation times without refueling at any desired power rating. In view of the steps towards Carbon Neutrality by 2050, this segment of the Transportation Sector needs to reduce its CO2 emissions. Currently, the EU and US emissions legislations (EU Stage V / EPA Tier4) do not include a CO2 reduction scheme, but this is expected to change with the next update towards EU Stage VI / EPA Tier5 coming into effect 2030 and after. Applications demanding high power or long operational range still require the use of renewable, liquid fuels or hydrogen. The cost-up of such fuels could be counterbalanced by more efficient engines in combination with a hybridized powertrain. The current paper therefore introduces a serial HEV solution for a large wheel loader application of 12t tipping load, which is an example of a
Weber, JostSchatorje, JesperFrekers, YonaHerrmann, OlafGries, Rafael
Deutronic is not alone in developing and integrating thermal-management solutions to meet the specific demands of off-highway EVs. Modine, for example, in 2023 launched a new edition of its EVantage battery thermal-management system with a liquid-cooled condenser (L-CON BTMS) that combines proprietary heat-exchanger technology with smart controls and electronics. The system is designed to withstand harsh environments found in mining, construction, agriculture, specialty and transportation applications, according to Mike Kis, Director of Advanced Thermal Systems at Modine
This study focuses on the operation of trolley-assisted mining truck, which leverage overhead lines for uphill propulsion, substantially reducing fuel consumption and carbon emissions. The pantograph mounted at the truck body's front exhibits complex vibrational behavior due to the subgrade stiffness and the nonlinearities of the hydro-pneumatic suspension. Vertical dynamic model of the mining truck is constructed which considering the road conditions and suspension characteristics to illustrate the pantograph's contact force. The vibration characteristic of pantograph base is analyzed which using the spatial transformation relationship between the truck's center mass of gravity and the base of pantograph. The stiffness of pantograph is designed based on a pantograph-catenary system model considering different road conditions. The real mining truck is modeled in the Trucksim software to obtain the vibration of pantograph base. And the effectiveness of the pantograph stiffness can be
Qian, ShuoShen, YanhuaWang, KaidiLiu, Zuyang
Intelligent construction has become an important way to accelerate the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry and promote the high-quality development of the construction industry. As a national pilot city of intelligent construction, Shenyang needs effective policy system support for the development of intelligent construction. Quantitative research of policy text can provide a decision-making basis and path optimization suggestions for formulating and improving intelligent construction incentive policies (ICIP) in Shenyang. This study uses text mining and the Policy Modeling Consistency index (PMC index) model to construct an intelligent construction policy index system. Then it combines the PMC index and PMC surface to evaluate and analyze the text of ICIP in Shenyang quantitatively. The results show that there is still room for improvement in the ICIP in Shenyang. Accordingly, countermeasures and suggestions are put forward for policymakers, enterprises, and
Qi, YizhuoyanLi, LihongKong, Fanwen
During mining material hauling, the chassis frame structure of rear dump trucks is subjected to fatigue loading due to uneven road conditions. This loading often leads to crack propagation in the frame rails, necessitating the determination of stresses in the critical zone during the design stage to ensure structural integrity. In this study, a computer-aided engineering (CAE) methodology is employed to size and select the rectangular profile cross section of the chassis frame rail. A detailed design investigation of the chassis frame is conducted to assess its load resistance, structural flexibility, and weld joint fatigue life under critical stresses arising from combined bending and torsion loads. The optimization process aims to determine the optimal rail size and material thickness, striking a balance between minimizing mass and maximizing structural reliability. By achieving this, the risk of major structural failures during the transportation of large payloads can be
J, Avinash
Commercial vehicle are exposed to harsh environment conditions like dust, mud, wind, rain, extreme sun and winter throughout. Apart from white goods and other conventional loading these vehicles also used in applications which involve Handling of Dirty Loads, Construction Raw materials, Mining Industry etc. which leads to fast deterioration of Interiors. Also, in most cases drivers are not the owners. Hence due to high cost of Cleaning at dealerships and low Product maintenance awareness amongst Commercial Vehicle Users, on Road Washing & Cleaning by riverside is common practice which leads to early deterioration of Interior trims. This paper deals with the retention of newness of soft trim parts such as headliner, wall trims and carpets. Causes of product deterioration and attributes which influence newness like product appeal, NVH, perceived quality, environmental impact, geometry retention over time etc. have been discussed in detail. Material properties and design considerations
Shah, KapilApte, SanjayNavsariwala, PrashantKumar, SunilKomar, SanjuGhodageri, SantoshSurendran, Shiju
Tippers used for transporting blue metal, construction and mining material is designed with different types of load body to suit the material being carried, capacity and its application. These load bodies are constructed with high strength material to withstand forces under various operating conditions. Structural strength verification of load body using FEM is conducted, by modelling forces due to payload as a pressure function on the panels of the load body. The spatial variation of pressure is typically assumed. In discrete element method (DEM) granular payload material such as gravel, wet or dry sand, coal etc., can be modelled by accounting its flow and interaction with structure of load body for prediction of force/pressure distribution. In this paper, coupled FE-DEM is used for determining pressure distribution on loading surfaces of a tipper body structure of a heavy commercial vehicle during loading, unloading and transportation. This pressure is mapped onto the load body
Sadasivam, SivasankaranLoganathan, EkambaramMahalingam, Manikandan
Mining dozers are heavy-duty machines that operate in harshenvironments and under extreme loads. The durability of their powertraincomponents is critical for their performance and reliability. To ensure thedurability of these components, they need to be tested under realisticoperating conditions. However, field testing is time-consuming, costly andoften impractical due to the limited availability of test sites and machines.Therefore, there is a need to develop an accelerated durability cycle that cansimulate the field conditions in a laboratory setting. This paper presents amethodology to develop an accelerated powertrain durability cycle for miningdozers based on the integration of customer usage patterns and road load data. The methodology consists of the following steps: system study to identifythe powertrain components and their failure modes; instrumentation of arepresentative mining dozer with sensors and data acquisition system; datacollection from field testing for mining
Tripathi, AnkurVishe, Prashant EknathGhosh, Ratnadeep
The Construction & Mining field is continuously upgrading, reshaping under the stimulus of technical enhancement. India is considered one of fastest growing country in the word. Requirement for Construction Equipment Vehicles in India is continuously growing due increased rate infrastructure development. To promote development of the Construction Equipment Vehicles (CEV’s) manufacturing sector it was also necessary to build a new governance architecture. Every vehicle plying on road has to comply with Central Motor Vehicle Regulatory requirements as per CMVR act 1989. Earlier 2021 CEV’s were required to go through performance trials like brake, steering effort, turning circle measurement, speedometer calibration as dynamic tests as per regulations. It was need of the time to come with stringent norms or for better safety of operators & take CEV compatible international regulation. this paper puts forward the basic principles & safety requirements improved for CEV’s over the time
Babar, SagarAkbar Badusha, A
Lateral control is an essential part of driverless mining truck systems. However, the considerable steering lag and poor tracking accuracy limit the development of unmanned mining. In this article, a dynamic preview distance was designed to resist the steering lag. Then the vehicle–road states, which described the real-time lateral and heading errors between the vehicle and the target road, was defined to describe the control strategy more efficiently. In order to trade off the tracking accuracy and stability, the Takagi–Sugeno (TS) fuzzy method was used to adjust the weight matrix of the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) for different vehicle–road states. Based on the actual mine production environment and the TR100 mining truck, experimental results show that the TS-LQR algorithm performed much better than the pure pursuit algorithm
Chen, QiushiWu, GuangqiangZeng, QiZong, Jianzhuang
The new 2600 Series 13-liter engine for off-highway machines will do more with less thanks to variable geometry turbocharging. Perkins announced in September its all-new engine series for off-highway applications, launching the 2600 Series 13-liter engine at a press event in London where Truck & Off-Highway Engineering was in attendance. Perkins states that the 2600 Series is intended for a wide array of off-highway applications including agricultural tractors, materials handling, construction, mining, aircraft ground support and other use cases. “As the off-highway industry advances toward a lower-carbon future, equipment manufacturers still face expectations for long-term productivity and reliability in the world's most-demanding work environments,” said Jaz Gill, vice president of global sales, marketing, service and parts. “The new Perkins 2600 Series engine platform demonstrates how we're leveraging our experience, intelligence and commitment to help OEMs navigate the energy
Wolfe, Matt
Since there are no typical working conditions in the field of engineering vehicles, this paper implements the construction of driving conditions based on Markov stochastic model and energy management strategy of a multi-mode hybrid mine dump truck based on dynamic programming algorithm under this background. Firstly, on the basis of existing vehicle driving data, we calculate the velocity transfer probability matrix with the Markov stochastic model, and then construct the vehicle driving condition after predicting the velocity. The constructed working conditions are applied to the energy management strategy of dynamic programming algorithm to calculate the energy consumption of the hybrid mining truck. It is proved that this construction method can be applied to the hybrid electric mine dump truck, and the DP based energy management strategy has lower energy consumption
Jiang, Y.T.Zhao, XinxinZhang, J.G.
This article takes the wet multi-disc brake used in mining Isuzu 600P as the research object, establishes a simplified three-dimensional model of its key components through SOLIDWORKS and imports it into ANSYS Workbench to establish the flow field and structure field model of the wet brake. Based on the fluid–solid coupling, the finite element simulation of the temperature field and stress field of the friction pair of the wet brake under different braking pressures, braking initial speeds, and fluid viscosities was carried out, and then the position changes of the friction pairs at high temperature hot spots and high stress points were analyzed to determine the stability of its friction performance. Finally, by comparing the temperature change curves of the same point during the braking process under different braking conditions, the validity of the finite element analysis results is verified. The results show that the flow field pressure inside the wet brake is opposite to the flow
Zhang, ChuanweiJin, XiaoheZhao, DaweiLiu, Jinpeng
Liebherr's mining division has announced that it will be conducting onsite validation tests of its autonomous T 264 mining trucks. The validation testing reportedly will take place later this year at a mining site located in western Australia. “After significant research, development and program planning, Liebherr is excited to announce the commencement of onsite Autonomous Haulage Solution (AHS) validation as we move to deploy the next generation of autonomy technology for mining equipment,” Scott Bellamy, divisional general manager, product management, said in a press release announcing the project. “This deployment not only represents Liebherr Mining's market introduction of the AHS, but also highlights Liebherr's continued expansion as a technology solution provider for the mining industry
Wolfe, Matt
In Penn’s Clean Energy Conversions Lab, researcher Peter Psarras and colleagues are repurposing waste from industrial mines, storing carbon pulled from the atmosphere into newly formed rock. The team sees great environmental potential in mine tailings, the sand and sludge left behind after the sought-after ore gets removed. With samples in the lab, they’re trying to determine just how much calcium and magnesium each contains, how to best carbonate it with CO2, how and where they can store the result, and whether the process is scalable
As a part of NASA’s efforts in space, options are being examined for an Artemis moon base project to be deployed. This project requires a system of interconnected, but separate, DC microgrids for habitation, mining, and fuel processing. This in-place use of power resources is called in-situ resource utilization (ISRU). These microgrids are to be separated by 9-12 km and each contains a photovoltaic (PV) source, energy storage systems (ESS), and a variety of loads, separated by level of criticality in operation. The separate microgrids need to be able to transfer power between themselves in cases where there are generation shortfall, faults, or other failures in order to keep more critical loads running and ensure safety of personnel and the success of mission goals. In this work, a 2 grid microgrid system is analyzed involving a habitation unit and a mining unit separated by a tie line. A set of optimal controls that has been developed, including power flow controls on the tie line
Rashkin, Lee JoshuaDonnelly, TimothyCook, MarvinYoung, Joseph
The batteries that power our cell phones, laptops, and electric vehicles rely on cobalt. Cobalt mining is problematic for the environment and miners. In order to find other solutions for lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries that move away from a dependency on cobalt, researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory have participated in a collaborative study to identify new potential materials for the positive terminal of a battery, called a cathode
Non-Road Mobile Machinery (NRMM) incorporates a wide variety of machines not intended for the transport of passengers or goods on the road. This includes small gardening equipment, construction, mining, agricultural, and forestry machinery up to locomotives and inland waterway vessels, mostly using an internal combustion engine. NRMM was often overlooked and neglected in the past when considering pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions. Due to their high diversity, they are hard to categorize, resulting in a lack of available data. As emissions from road transport are being tackled by regulations, the emissions of NRMM become an increasing part of total transport emissions. An alternative to fossil fuels will be required for the energy supply of NRMM to fully commit to the CO2 reduction goals, and to fulfil the future requirements of legislators and public opinion. This study provides a report on the energy needs of different applications, mainly focusing on the larger machinery, as
Dejaegere, QuintenVerhelst, Sebastian
Volcanic eruptions, floods, and tornadoes can all dramatically change the surface of Earth to the point where alterations can be seen from space. Some modifications driven by human intervention, such as mining and deforestation, are also visible in satellite imagery. For the past 50 years, NASA’s Landsat satellites have recorded our planet’s changing surface. Now maps from a company called terraPulse Inc. help academic institutions, nongovernmental organizations, and businesses see, understand, and manage those changes
Motor grader is self-propelled, versatile machine widely used for road construction and maintenance in mining and construction applications. It required working in rugged terrain with uneven and slippery surfaces. Probability of rollover in motor grader is more due to the vehicle profile and high centre of gravity. In light of the above, Roll over Protective Structure (ROPS) is essential to safe guard the operator from any fatal injuries / life during the operation of the equipment at different terrain conditions. Considering DGMS (Directorate of General Mines and safety) requirements, a rugged two post Rollover Protective Structure (ROPS) was designed as per ISO 3471 criteria for ROPS and Falling object Protection Structure (FOPS) as per ISO 3449 Material selection for ROPS and FOPS is one of significant factor in design process by meeting the design criteria. It should have dual characteristic, firstly, it is expected to tough enough to withstand sudden impact forces. Secondly, it
Varadaraj, Kumarhs, Satish Chandra
Making manned and remotely-controlled wheeled and tracked vehicles easier to drive, especially off-road, is of great interest to the U.S. Army. If vehicles are easier to drive (especially closed hatch) or if they are driven autonomously, then drivers could perform additional tasks (e.g., operating weapons or communication systems), leading to reduced crew sizes. Further, poorly driven vehicles are more likely to get stuck, roll over, or encounter mines or improvised explosive devices, whereby the vehicle can no longer perform its mission and crew member safety is jeopardized. HMI technology and systems to support human drivers (e.g., autonomous driving systems, in-vehicle monitors or head-mounted displays, various control devices (including game controllers), navigation and route-planning systems) need to be evaluated, which traditionally occurs in mission-specific (and incomparable) evaluations. To support the use of comparable test conditions, a set of combat-relevant driving courses
Green, Paul
This article describes the research work taken to compare the effect of air blast and surface-buried mine blast loading on an armored fighting vehicle (AFV) escape hatch, using the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) technique. Two types of escape hatch were considered for the study, namely, the flat plate version and double-side curved-plate version. To evaluate the research methodology used in this investigation, initially, a published experimental work on a circular plate subjected to air blast was chosen and a benchmark simulation was carried out using the CEL technique to establish the simulation procedure. Then the established procedure was utilized for further analysis. It was observed that the variation in the deformation between the published literature and the simulation work was well within the acceptable engineering limits. After that, numerical studies were conducted on the flat and double-side curved hatch by subjecting it to both air blast and surface-buried mine blast
Parthasarathy, SundaresanKumar, J. Rajesh
Development of a robust electric vehicle (EV) battery-recycling industry has moved from a net-positive sideline to a necessity as automakers, and their suppliers, transition away from internal combustion. Experts say that global mining operations are simply not on track to produce the virgin raw materials needed to meet the dramatic ramping up of the world’s battery production. Additionally, the sourcing of these materials raises numerous red flags in terms of conditions for workers, site pollution, geopolitical complications, and concentration of ownership
Power options for off-road vehicles differ substantially from other commercial vehicles. Battery electrification is suitable for urban construction and light agriculture, but remote mining, forestry, and road building operations will require alternative fuels. Decarbonized Power Options for Non-road Mobile Machinery discusses these domains as well as the potential benefits and challenges of implementing fuels and energy sources such as bioenergy, e-fuels, and alcohol, as well as hydrogen, hydrocarbon, and direct methanol fuel cells. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio
Muelaner, Jody Emlyn
To achieve decarbonization through means such as energy-efficient vehicles, active travel, and electrified road freight, solutions must reduce upstream demands on supply chains. However, even taking such a path, the energy transition will massively increase demand for raw materials such as cobalt, nickel, platinum group metals, and rare earth elements. Many of the metals can be largely substituted if required, so they are not truly critical to decarbonization. Critical Metals, Sourcing, and Long Supply Chains: Constraints on Transport Decarbonization discusses how lithium, silver, and copper are much more difficult to replace, and the energy transition is highly likely to depend on them. Greatly increased and more geographically dispersed investments in mineral extraction are vital. Governments must support this by giving investors clear signals about the rate of the transition, geological survey data, accelerated permits, and government backed finance. Public support for sustainable
Muelaner, Jody E.
The sustainability of mines is becoming ever more important to reduce the greenhouse gas footprint and keep the resources extraction economically sustainable. Despite the electrification and hybridization trend of mining equipment, diesel engines are still expected to maintain their importance as a primary source of power especially for open pit equipment, thanks to their longer operating range. However, in order to keep high efficiency and minimize fuel consumption for the entire operating life it is crucial to understand and tackle the aging effect on the engine performance. In this research a 500-h durability test was performed on a Liebherr mining engine, with the aim of better understanding how aging affects the combustion process and engine performance (power and fuel consumption), and how this effect can be compensated. Experimental results show a 1% specific fuel consumption increase, ascribable to injector aging. Moreover, with the objective of emphasizing other possible
Corti, EnricoRaggini, LorenzoRossi, AlessandroBrusa, AlessandroMoro, Davide
With the current developments in emission and safety norms in the Indian motor vehicle segment, there is always a challenge for engineers to design the components without hampering the existing performance of the vehicle and meet the legal requirements of the market. The challenge is to reach the optimum point of iterative modifications where the overall vehicle efficacy is increased. The Pass by noise (PBN) target is one such parameter that need to be assured to certify new vehicles/variants for their Noise emissions. PBN requirements are an important aspect of NVH development of a vehicle. The vehicles running on the Indian roads must comply with the PBN requirements defined by standard IS: 3028. Tipper is a vehicle used in mainly mining areas and on hilly terrains having high gear ratios and thereby producing more noise. This paper discuss the approach used to reduce the noise in this worst case. The hardware changes done in this worst case vehicle can be universally adopted in
Gupta, MohitKumar, PardeepSingh, Vijay
To achieve battlespace dominance, energy flow characterizations of individual platforms and the aggregate battlespace must be developed to adapt and exploit the variable operating conditions. Army Research Laboratory, White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico The future battlefield will be filled with multiple dissimilar energy networks including unmanned and manned vehicular platforms actively engaged in cooperative control and communications capable of overpowering an adversary and dominating the battlespace. This chaotic multi-domain operational environment will be limited by variable operating conditions (mission profiles, terrain, atmospheric conditions), copious amounts of real-time actionable intelligence derived from weapon and sensor suites, and most importantly, the energy capabilities of each platform. To achieve dominance within the battlespace, energy flow characterizations of individual platforms and the aggregate battlespace must be developed with respect to the variable
In significant industrial segments across the globe, there continues to be major investment in large-scale equipment that incorporates heavy-duty material movement and handling systems. In mining applications such as bucket wheel excavators and conveyors, to metal shredders in recycling operations, as well as winch systems and drilling equipment in offshore applications, powerful low-speed drives that can deliver high torque and reliably function in rugged demanding environments are in high demand
The current fleet of United States Navy (USN) Mine Countermeasures (MCM) ships, the Avenger class, is reaching the end of its planned service life. To fill the capability gaps left by removing these ships from the fleet, and to take advantage of technological advances in environmental sensing and unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs), the Navy will be acquiring new systems to perform the MCM mission. The Department of Defense (DOD) acquisition process aims to fill capability gaps with materiel solutions through development of new or improved systems or the purchase of existing systems. Beginning the acquisition process with ample knowledge of potential materiel solutions and their expected performance improves the likelihood of program success
Road grade and mining activities are inseparable. Considering that a mining site is located in a lower elevation, the haul road is usually constructed following the topographic contour. A road grade is likely to affect the speed, travel time, and fuel consumption and is directly proportional to the energy required by dump trucks to overcome resistance. A higher road grade leads to more fuel consumption, while a lower road grade is likely to consume less. This study found that every 1% road grade increase results in 0.482%-0.515% increased engine speed and 2.79% horsepower under laden conditions. It was also found that every 1% road grade increase leads to 21.95% more fuel consumption in CAT 773D dump truck, 23.64% in HD-465-7 dump truck, and 13.29% more fuel consumption in Volvo A40E. Meanwhile, under unladen conditions, every 1% increase in road grade resulted in 7.64% more fuel consumption in CAT 773D, 20.60% in HD 465-7, and 23.75% in Volvo A40E. This study recommends an 8% maximum
Hasan, HarjuniOctariando, Realingga
At present, the remote monitoring cloud platform of many automobile companies only displays the collected data information, and it does not fully mine the deep-level information of the data. This paper uses data mining and machine learning methods to build a driver's driving style and driving condition prediction and recognition model based on the historical driving information generated by the vehicle, so as to improve the supervision and safety of the driver and the vehicle by automobile companies and other automobile-related industries. First, 36 standard driving cycles are utilized to construct an initial operating condition block data set. Second, we obtain the feature variables of driving style and driving conditions through feature engineering, and two recognition model data sets use the principal component analysis (PCA) and clustering algorithm for data dimensionality reduction and cluster analysis. Then, two types of supervised learning, support vector machine (SVM) and
Shi, ShaojianWang, TaoDing, YangQian, YahuiZou, XiaojunSong, Wei
As construction vehicles become electrified and more intelligent, some technologies are increasingly being applied in optimal controlling vehicle dynamics and driving behavior. Manned articulated vehicles in underground mine have drawbacks such as high steering energy consumption and harsh working environment for drivers, which can be solved by above techniques. The distributed-drive articulated vehicles (DDAV) can generate the yaw moment by the reasonable allocation of each wheel driving force, which can reduce the energy consumption by assisting the hydraulic steering system in steering. In this paper, the dynamic programming (DP) is used to study the optimal torque distribution while the vehicle following the reference path with minimizing the energy consumption. Firstly, combined with the tentacle algorithm, optimal control inputs and energy consumption of the vehicle were derived from DP under each tentacle. Then, under limited vehicle states, a look-up table containing the
Niu, TianweiShen, YanhuaBin, Xu
Although the open-pit mine mining truck is equipped with a variety of auxiliary braking devices, the compound control is not realized. To address this problem, this paper proposes a compound control strategy for the autonomous mining truck wire-control braking system combining logic threshold and fuzzy PID to meet the requirements of compound control of braking system. Simulation and real-vehicle tests of the control strategy show that the proposed control strategy can greatly reduce the activation frequency of the EBS main brake and improve the safety of the braking system. Moreover, the target speed can be followed by the actual speed well. Meanwhile, the control error is less than ±2km/h which indicates a good ramp speed control effect
Luo, YiHan, AiguoTian, ShaopengTian, XingchunZheng, QingxingWang, WenbinHe, Yintao
Lateral control is an important part in the system of driverless mining trucks, which is used to realize accurate tracking of planned path. To solve the problem of poor accuracy of the existing single point preview algorithm, firstly, the lateral error model and the simplified truck dynamics model were built. The established truck dynamics model was verified and compared by simulation. The results show that the truck dynamic model in this paper retains accurate even at higher speed. Secondly, against the time delay of truck steering system, the cascade LQR-PID controller and MPC-MRAC controller are designed. The former resists the disturbance of steering time delay through the inner PID loop, while the latter realizes the adaptive control by establishing the steering model. Then, the dual-shift condition simulation was carried out by co-simulation model, and two controllers were compared and analyzed. The results show that the designed two controllers have good performance in the
Dong, ShuaiTian, ShaopengYang, CanZheng, QingxingMou, Junfa
ESI proposes “sustainable” product development via virtual prototyping to ensure operational safety and comfort for off-highway machines. Today's off-highway machines must be safe, clean and productive - in a word: “sustainable,” an adjective that also should apply to product development. How can engineers know they are on the right track without producing a bunch of physical prototypes? How can they avoid costly design changes late in the process? And how can the useful life of machines be extended? The digitalization of product engineering is here to answer these challenges by enabling the evaluation of product performance at every stage of product development, as well as during manufacturing and operations. The goal at ESI is to help customers move towards “zero tests,” “zero prototypes” and “zero downtime” - referring to physical tests/prototypes, of course. Traditional methods for testing and evaluating products virtually using sporadic simulations, usually only of the nominal
Magdanz, AlexKam, Eric
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