Browse Topic: Fueling safety

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Research on ETOPS Low Fuel Warning Design for Civil Aircraft Based on Operation Scenario Analysis2026-99-14109/11/2026
This paper focuses on the design of low fuel warning for civil aircraft ETOPS, studying the K25.1.4 (a) (3) low fuel warning clause and advisory circular. ETOPS route planning methods and ETOPS reserve fuel strategy are given. This paper also presents an ETOPS low-fuel warning design scheme based on scenario analysis. Based on the operation scenario analysis, a general scheme and recommendations for ETOPS low fuel warning were summarized. The design method and solutions provided in this paper have practical application value in engineering practice, providing reference and inspiration for the ETOPS-type design and airworthiness certification of civil aircraft.
Chen, Fudong, Chang, Jiawen, Zhou, Chen
Assessment of Fuel System Safety Technology Use in 2003 Model Year Vehicles2005-01-14234/11/2005
In 1967, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) introduced the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. 301 “Fuel System Integrity”, to ensure minimum fuel system integrity requirements were met. Recent studies of FARS and state data have shown a dramatic reduction of fire rates in motor vehicle crashes over the past 30 years. Design features and safety components are present in today's fleet that were not present when the standard was issued. An investigation of the state-of-the-art in automotive fuel systems was conducted to examine the features of fuel systems in the 2003 fleet of vehicles. These features, in combination, have contributed to the reduction in fire rates. The investigation consisted primarily of an in-vehicle inspection of 89 fuel tank installations and a further investigation of fuel tank fire safety technologies. Fuel tank design features and the presence of system components that would aid in the prevention or mitigation of post crash fires were documented and entered into a database. Additional information relating to the fuel line routing, the use of fire safety technologies and the proximity of potentially aggressive components were also documented. It is estimated that 80% of vehicles sold in 2003 are represented in the database when sister models and corporate cousins are considered. A summary of some of the fuel safety features and the frequency of their presence is presented in the paper.
Fournier, Ed, Kot, Jim, Sullivan, David
Flammability and Toxicity Tradeoffs with Methanol Fuels87206411/1/1987
This paper describes the flammability and human toxicity concerns of pure methanol (M100) and an 85 percent methanol/15 percent gasoline blend (M85). These safety characteristics of M100 and M85 are compared with each other, as well as with those of diesel fuel and gasoline. Discussion focuses on data which are available, as well as on more subjective evaluations based on fuel properties since in use information is often limited. A complete assessment of fuel safety should also take into account the emissions impacts of these fuels, but this discussion is not included here as it is covered in considerable detail in other reports published by EPA authors.(1,2,3,4)*
Machiele, Paul A.
Aircraft Kerosine vs. Wide-Cut Fuel-Safety Considerations - (Report of the Aviation Fuel Safety Report Task Force of the Coordinating Research Council, Inc.)7605272/1/1976
At the request of the FAA the CRC initiated a study to investigate the effect of fuel volatility on aircraft fire safety. The primary objective was to use new data which have become available over the last ten years to revise and update the 1964 CRC Report on Aviation Fuel Safety. The huge increase in jet aircraft utilization provided a data base for a statistical analysis of accidents; and new data on non-equilibrium conditions involving fuel-air mixtures and fuel electrification facilitated a more complete laboratory study. The results of these two studies were then used to prepare the final report which is summarized in this paper.
Carhart, H. W., Pinkel, I., Warren, J. H.
Aviation Fuel Safety6502692/1/1965
In 1964, at the request of the Federal Aviation Agency, an Ad Hoc Group on Aviation Fuel Safety was organized by the Coordinating Research Council, Inc. This Group assembled and reviewed the technical information available concerning the safe handling and usage of aviation gasolines, jet A (kerosene), and jet B (JP-4), which are currently used as commercial aviation fuels. After reviewing the available information, the consensus of the Ad Hoc Group was that, while there are differences among the fuels, adoption of a single type of aviation turbine fuel by the entire industry would not significantly improve the overall excellent safety record of commercial aviation, and that safety is more a function of equipment design, proper handling techniques, and rigorous precautions than of the particular fuel type employed.
Harris, D. N.
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