Browse Topic: Materials identification
AMS6885/2 gives specific information about the qualification program for unidirectional carbon fiber tape epoxy repair prepreg capable of curing under vacuum for repair of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy structures. The prepreg system shall include an epoxy film adhesive to be applied in a co-bonding process with the prepreg for solid laminate and sandwich bonding.
A presentation of work comparing efficacy of a traditional IR method used as a standard within the U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) and by international collaborators with that of an emerging technology, cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS). Army Combat Capabilities Development Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD A threat in the form of chemical vapor may not be visible, but rapid detection is critical for preservation of life and property. In addition, understanding the surrounding environment informs the posture that the warfighter will need to take. The field of chemical vapor detection spans far beyond the warfighter and is rich in research. A search in SciFinder for “chemical vapor detection” provides over 400,000 results with over 3,000 books, 26,000 reviews, and nearly 300,000 journal articles. The focus of this document will be with an eye towards perimeter monitoring for a wide range of gas-phase chemicals. To accomplish such sensing, compound-specific sensors should not be employed as they lack capability to detect or inform about the presence of many potential threats outside of their selected targets. A viable technique for sensing a wide range of compounds is infrared absorption as most potential threats provide an infrared absorbance spectrum which arises from each compound's unique molecular structure. The purpose of this article is to provide a comparison between a commercially available instrument long utilized as a standard within several defense laboratories around the globe which employs FTIR methods for detection of environmental gasses in industrial environments to a newer class of IR absorption-based detectors that use cavity ringdown to determine the absorption profile.
Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD Developing single photon UV detection for compact chemical and biological sensors. This report summarizes the main lines of effort for the Electro-Optics Materials Research (EOMR) program including its goals and major accomplishments, focusing on the past 5 years. This EOMR program was an effort within 601102A.31B.1 titled “Optoelectronic and Integrated Photonic Materials and Device Research” for FY16-FY19 and 611102A.AA8.1 titled “Photonic Materials and Device Research” for FY20-FY21. The focus of this EOMR for most of the program was to develop novel semiconductor optoelectronic devices to reduce the size, weight, power, and cost (SWaP-C) of chemical and biological detection and identification systems. Specifically, the program addressed the need for high sensitivity photodetectors in the near-UV (NUV) spectrum between 300 and 350 nm for biological agent detection using light-induced fluorescence techniques employed by the Tactical Biological (TAC-BIO) detector, developed by the US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, as well as in the deep UV spectrum (220-240 nm) important for standoff chemical detection based upon fluorescence-free Raman spectroscopy. Late in the program, this effort pivoted to address assured communications challenges relevant to the Army modernization priority for future networks through examining how to improve the efficiency of solar-blind UV LEDs.
This specification and its supplementary detail specifications cover an intermediate modulus aramid yarn in the form of cloth.
A new system for detecting the production of hydrogen gas, developed by Penn State researchers, may play a key role in the quest to develop hydrogen as an environmentally friendly and economical alternative to fossil fuels.
Researchers at University of Colorado Boulder and Long-Path Technologies have developed lasers that can detect natural gas leaks in real time, mitigating the oil and gas industry’s impact on climate change.
XRF technique for counterfeit detection is applicable to electrical, electronic and electromechanical (EEE) parts as listed in AS6171 General Requirements. In general, the detection technique is meant for use on piece parts prior to assembly on a circuit board or on the parts that are removed from a circuit board. The applicability spans a large swath of active, passive and electromechanical parts. If AS6171/3 is invoked in the contract, the base document, AS6171 General Requirements shall also apply.
This document defines capabilities and limitations of FTIR spectroscopy as it pertains to counterfeit electronic component detection and suggests possible applications to these ends. Additionally, this document outlines requirements associated with the application of FTIR spectroscopy including: operator training, sample preparation, various sampling techniques, data interpretation, computerized spectral matching including pass/fail criteria, equipment maintenance, and reporting of data. The discussion is primarily aimed at analyses performed in the mid-infrared (IR) from 400 to 4000 wavenumbers; however, many of the concepts are applicable to the near and far IR. If AS6171/9 is invoked in the contract, the base document, AS6171 General Requirements shall also apply.
This recommended practice describes the physical and chemical characterization techniques for identification of epoxy adhesive and prepreg resin systems in order to verify the chemical formulation, resin B-staging (See 8.1), cure reaction rates, adhesive moisture content, and resin component mix ratios, as necessary to achieve manufacturing and quality producibility and engineering performance.
Methanol is sometimes referred to as ethanol's deadly twin. While the latter is the intoxicating ingredient in wine, beer, and liquor, the former is a chemical that becomes highly toxic when metabolized by the human body. Even a relatively small amount of methanol can cause blindness or prove fatal if left untreated.
Any space, enclosed or open, can be vulnerable to the dispersal of harmful airborne biological agents. Silent and near-invisible, these bioagents can sicken or kill living things before steps can be taken to mitigate their effects. Venues where crowds congregate are prime targets for biowarfare strikes engineered by terrorists but expanses of fields or forests could be victimized by an aerial bioattack.
With the addition of computers, laser cutters have rapidly become a relatively simple and powerful tool, with software controlling machinery that can chop metals, woods, papers, and plastics. But users still face difficulties distinguishing among stockpiles of visually similar materials.
The Portable EnGineered Analytic Sensor with aUtomated Sampling (PEGASUS) is a miniaturized waveguide-based optical sensor that can detect toxins, bacterial signatures, viral signatures, biothreats, white powders, and more from samples such as blood, water, food, and animal samples.
Researchers have developed a product to detect chemical weapons accurately at low concentration levels. The Chemical Agent Disclosure Spray and the Contamination Indicator/Decontamination Assurance System (CIDAS) incorporates enzymes into polymers that would be stabilized for use outside the cell and then ultimately used in realistic battlefield environments.
AMS2980/2 gives specific information about the qualification program for carbon fiber fabric, epoxy systems and the material combination used for wet lay-up repair of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy structures.
This recommended practice defines a procedure for the construction and testing of a 180 deg peel specimen for the purpose of determining the bondability of glass to elastomeric material in automotive modular glass. This test method suggests that elastomeric material of less than 172 mpa modulus be used as the encapsulating material. The present practice of encapsulating automotive glass is described as molded-in-place elastomeric material onto the outer edge of the glass using thermoplastic or thermosetting material that quickly sets in the mold. The glass is removed from the mold with the cured elastomeric material bonded to the perimeter of the glass. This encapsulated glass module can now be bonded with a sealant adhesive into the body opening of a vehicle.
Regulatory expectations are always evolving to enhance medical device safety, and the publication of ISO 1099318:2020 (part 18) demonstrates the importance of staying up to date on the regulatory landscape. Understanding what part 18 means for device material identification expectations and chemical characterization studies is crucial for a successful submission and, ultimately, a product’s overall life cycle. Furthermore, a firm grasp on the requirements can influence how manufacturers approach timelines and budgets, saving them time and money down the road.
Turbomachinery efficiency is becoming more and more relevant in order to reduce fuel consumption and mechanical wear of machines at the purpose of increasing their environmental sustainability and reliability. Optimized material identification and design is therefore of paramount importance. This paper describes how turbomachines can be optimized thanks to the effect of microstructures suitably created over the shapes of their constituting components in order to increase the overall efficiency via a simple coating solution. These structures, called riblets, consist of tiny streamwise grooved surfaces which are such to reduce drag in the turbulent boundary layer. Theoretical, numerical and experimental experiences gave a first estimation of the impact of riblets in industrial compressors. In this case, the riblet structures reduce the aerodynamic shear stress losses. The areas of higher interest are the diffuser and the volute, where the higher losses happen. The optimal size, position and effect on performance were analysed via simulation. The use of such an effective numerical means may give a precise evaluation about benefits in terms of efficiency increase as well as of CO2 and noise emission reduction and, for these reasons, it also has a positive economical and societal impact in relation to mobility and energy sector, considering the use of turbomachinery in avionics and power application. The presented activities were performed in the Framework of the ReSISTant project, which was co-financed by the European Union under the Grant Agreement n. 760941.
This glossary is intended to provide engineers, metallurgists, and production personnel with uniform definitions of commonly used carbon sheet and strip terms. The glossary serves to supplement information and photographs reported in SAE J810, J763, J877, J863, and J403. Many of the terms listed apply only to hot-dipped zinc-coated products or to uncoated products. The letter C following the term identifies a term applying to coated materials, while the letters NC identify a term applying to uncoated materials. Where no identification is provided, the term is common to both.
Tracking and identifying radiation sources in the age of nuclear proliferation and well- resourced non-state actors is a national priority. Current neutron detection methods favor large detector volumes and long data collection times. Additionally, portable neutron detection methods have persistent problems with low signal-to-noise (small pulse height) and require large applied voltages.
Phosphate ester-based hydraulic fluids are commonly used in aviation, due to their fire-resistant properties. However, contamination of jet fuel with hydraulic fluid may cause serious engine failure, hot corrosion of metals, and swelling of elastomer and polymer seals. Identifying and quantifying hydraulic fluids in jet fuels using chromatography is challenging since common hydraulic fluids, such as ExxonMobil™ HyJet™ V and Skydrol™ LD-4, are composed of tri-butyl phosphate, the main peak of which overlaps with peaks from jet fuels in chromatograms. In this work, three techniques to separate and differentiate the jet fuel peaks from the tri-butyl phosphate peaks were developed. Two methods are based on a solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure followed by identification and quantification, which is carried out using a gas chromatograph equipped with a mass spectrometer or a flame ionization detector. The third technique is single-staged, where the separation and analysis are carried out by a gas chromatograph equipped with a polar column and a mass spectrometer. Lowest level of detection reached was 0.1 ppm of tri-butyl phosphate in jet fuel, 10 times lower than the limitations. Linearity was achieved in all analysis methods up to contamination of 100 ppm.
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