Browse Topic: Ultracapacitors and supercapacitors
The portable and electric energy storage market has long been dominated by lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors, surpassing other energy storage systems in their ability to provide higher energy and power. However, in critical applications such as electric vehicles, there is a growing demand for a device that can efficiently produce both high power and high energy over a significant number of cycles. Meeting these rigorous standards presents new challenges for existing technologies, prompting researchers to explore alternative technologies for energy storage devices.
Researchers at Drexel University are one step closer to making wearable textile technology a reality. Recently published in the Royal Society of Chemistry’s Journal of Material’s Chemistry A, materials scientists from Drexel’s College of Engineering, in partnership with a team at Accenture Labs, have reported a new design of a flexible wearable supercapacitor patch. It uses MXene, a material discovered at Drexel University in 2011, to create a textile-based supercapacitor that can charge in minutes and power an Arduino microcontroller temperature sensor and radio communication of data for almost two hours.
Researchers have developed a low-cost device that can selectively capture carbon dioxide gas while it charges. Then, when it discharges, the carbon dioxide (CO2) can be released in a controlled way and collected to be reused or disposed of responsibly.
As the electrification of automobiles continues to accelerate, the need for a safe, reliable, high-power energy-storage technology is greater than ever. Ultracapacitors already have an established place in Voltage Stabilization Systems (VSS) for internal-combustion engine (ICE) stop-start applications. By providing additional voltage support during a high-current cranking event, voltage levels are maintained to allow proper operation of accessories without interruption and enable proper operation as battery state-of-health declines.
Micro-supercapacitors could revolutionize the way we use batteries by increasing their lifespan and enabling extremely fast charging. Now, researchers at Chalmers University of Technology have developed a method that represents a breakthrough for how such supercapacitors can be produced.
A new bendable supercapacitor made from graphene has been developed that charges quickly and safely stores a record-high level of energy for use over a long period. The technology overcomes the issue faced by high-powered, fast-charging supercapacitors: they usually cannot hold a large amount of energy in a small space.
This research aims at developing the suboptimal energy management strategy by using artificial neural network (ANN) for a triple-electrical-energy electric vehicle (EV). The controller hardware designs will be implemented in the future. Firstly, we constructed a low-order dynamic equations that abstracted the characteristics of the vehicle, including energy sources (the fuel cell, lithium battery, and supercapacitor), driver’s model, traction motor, transmission, and longitudinal vehicle dynamics, etc.. The key parameters were mostly retrieved from the commercialization software-Advanced Vehicle Simulator (ADVISOR). Base on the vehicle structure of the Toyota Mirai, we built the range-extended EV. The powertrain system included an 110kW fuel cell set, a 40Ah lithium-ion battery set, and a 165F/48V supercapacitor and a 150kW AC motor. The ECMS control strategy included a six-layer for-loop: the battery state-of-health (SOH), power demand, the battery state-of-charge (SOC??), the
This SAE Recommended Practice is intended as a guide toward standard practice and is subject to change to keep pace with experience and technical advances. It describes a body of tests which may be used as needed for abuse testing of electric or hybrid electric vehicle rechargeable energy storage systems (RESS) to determine the response of such electrical energy storage and control systems to conditions or events which are beyond their normal operating range. This document does not establish pass/fail criteria. However, SAE J2929 does define pass/fail criteria for automotive RESS safety testing. Abuse test procedures in this document are intended to cover a broad range of vehicle applications as well as a broad range of electrical energy storage devices, including individual RESS cells (batteries or capacitors), modules, and packs. RESS includes any type of rechargeable electrical energy storage device, such as batteries and capacitors. This document does not apply to RESS that uses
Supercapacitors are devices that store a dense electrical charge in an electrical field that provides electronics or a power grid with a quick jolt of power on demand. They have a capacitance value far higher than typical capacitors but at the cost of lower voltage limits. Unlike typical capacitors, supercapacitors don’t use conventional solid dielectric (insulator) — they utilize electrostatic double-layer capacitance (typically made of carbon) and electromechanical pseudo-capacitance (metal oxide or conducting polymer). Both contribute to the capacitor’s total capacitance and are designed for many rapid charge/discharge cycles over long-term energy storage. Hybrid supercapacitors boost that capacitance, energy density, and operating voltage (3.8 V maximum) up to 10X over symmetric supercapacitors.
Circuit designs exploiting the increased energy storage provided by supercapacitors require more careful consideration of the increased power handling than that of batteries when charging these devices. The unique composition of electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLC) inherently allows them to withstand large currents. Table 1 is a brief list of AVX cylindrical (SCC) and series-connected module (SCM) SuperCapacitors, displaying peak current supply and sink current capability. These maximum specifications will typically exceed current capability of charge sources and lead to failures within the power supply system.
With recent advances in electric vehicles, there is a plethora of powertrain topologies and components available in the market. Thus, the performance of electric vehicles is highly sensitive to the choice of various powertrain components. This paper presents a multi-objective optimization model that can optimally select component sizes for batteries, supercapacitors, and motors in regular passenger battery-electric vehicles (BEVs). The BEV topology presented here is a hybrid BEV which consists of both a battery pack and a supercapacitor bank. Focus is placed on optimal selection of the battery pack, motor, and supercapacitor combination, from a set of commercially available options, that minimizes the capital cost of the selected power components, the fuel cost over the vehicle lifespan, and the 0-60 mph acceleration time. Available batteries, supercapacitors, and motors are from a market survey. The considered lifespan is taken as 10 years, and the traveling distance is estimated at
Researchers have engineered a novel type of supercapacitor that remains fully functional even when stretched to eight times its original size. It does not exhibit any wear and tear from being stretched repeatedly and loses only a few percentage points of energy performance after 10,000 cycles of charging and discharging. The supercapacitor could be part of a power-independent, stretchable, flexible electronic system for applications such as wearable electronics or biomedical devices.
Researchers have created a flexible, lightweight, cost-effective plant-based energy storage device that in the near future could charge devices — even electric cars — within a few minutes.
A new supercapacitor based on manganese oxide could combine the storage capacity of batteries with the high power and fast charging of other supercapacitors. By combining manganese oxide with cobalt manganese oxide, a heterostructure is formed in which interfacial properties can be tuned.
Global warming has put the transport sector, a major contributor of CO2 emissions, under high pressure to improve efficiency. In this context, ultra-light vehicles weighting less than 500 kg, as well as hybrid powertrains, are nowadays seen as promising development trends. The design process of the powertrain of a vehicle combining the advantages of the two concepts is presented in this paper. Through a performance study based on a simple MATLAB model, and mathematical simulation, a proposal is made. A powertrain using a battery and supercapacitor 48V dual power source network, two electric motors and clutches to switch between conventional, parallel, series and full electric modes proves to be an interesting system in terms of performance and costs. A simulation study conducted on a scenario with different outcome possibilities showed that high modularity of the system allows to achieve fuel efficiencies equivalent to approximately 3 l/100 km on the Artemis cycle. Finally, integration
Energy harvesting devices are in high demand to power the millions of devices that make up the Internet of Things. By providing continuous power to a rechargeable battery or supercapacitor, energy harvesters can reduce the labor cost of changing out batteries when they fail and keep dead batteries out of landfills.
The R&D dimension of the automotive industry often reveals novel solutions and cross-linking between materials, but a team of international scientists has come up with something truly unusual: boosting supercapacitor power and efficiency using newly developed “laxatives.” It's all about developing improved electrolytes as part of a program to enhance supercapacitor performance, making them more practical with enhanced energy storage for use in hybrid and electric vehicles (EVs). To do this, the team designed a new class of detergents involving the use of self-assembled nanostructures in detergent-like ionic liquids (IL), to facilitate improved charge storage at electrified interfaces. These detergents are chemically similar to human laxatives, said Dr. Gavin Hazell, a chemistry lecturer at the University of Chester's Faculty of Science and Engineering, and a member of the international team: “A discovery of this kind utilizes scientists from across the globe. We have a very diverse set
When driving in mountainous areas, vehicles often encounter downhill conditions. To ensure safe driving, it is necessary to control the speed of vehicles. For internal combustion engine vehicles, auxiliary brake such as engine brake can be used to alleviate the thermal load caused by the continuous braking of the friction brake. For battery electric vehicles (BEVs), regenerative braking can be used as auxiliary braking to improve brake safety. And through regenerative braking, energy can be partly converted into electrical energy and stored in accumulators (such as power batteries and supercapacitors), thus extending the mileage. However, the driver's line of sight in the mountains is limited, resulting in a certain degree of blindness in driving, so it is impossible to fully guarantee the safety and energy saving of downhill driving. Therefore, taking a pure electric light truck as an example, the system proposed in this paper first analyzes the driver's driving intention, proposes
Growing demand for electric vehicles and more sustainable forms of transport means finding new forms of energy storage such as batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells. Currently, a major challenge facing the industry is the poor performance quality of rechargeable batteries, which often lose energy and power too quickly over time.
Researchers from UCLA and the University of Connecticut have designed a new biofriendly energy storage system called a biological supercapacitor, which operates using charged particles, or ions, from fluids in the human body. The device is harmless to the body’s biological systems, and it could lead to longer-lasting cardiac pacemakers and other implantable medical devices.
Both the aerospace and automotive industries depend increasingly on electrochemical energy storage. Reduction in mass, increase in energy, and increase in power can benefit both of these areas dramatically. Supercapacitors are currently under consideration for use in both hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and electric vehicles (EV) to improve delivery of power (due to their high rate capability), improve the life of the lithium-ion batteries (due to their ability to buffer the detrimental effects of high current pulses or alternating currents on the battery), and implement more efficient capture of regenerative breaking energy (due to their excellent charge acceptance at high rates).
Environmental concerns and limited fossil fuels reserves have fostered an increased interest in alternative propulsion systems. In this scenario, electric traction, with its inherent zero local emissions, high efficiency and improved operational performance (acceleration and hill climbing potential), emerges as a desired option for public transport systems. Transit buses, the prevailing transport system in cities, and, hence, strong contributors to traffic environmental impact on urban areas, can reduce considerably their environment burden with the use of electric traction. This means less local pollutants, specially particulate matter - PM and nitrogen oxides - NOx, currently the “Achilles heel” of diesel engines, as well as CO2 greenhouse emissions - GHG. The so called autonomous electric bus - e-bus, i.e. that one independent of electric grid, fed while running solely by an energy storage device - ESD (batteries, ultracapacitor, flywheel) and charged at bus stops into the so called
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