Browse Topic: Nickel-metal hydride batteries
Electrification is a pillar of Lexus's “next chapter.” The fifth-generation Lexus RX progresses this objective, offering four new powertrains including a high-performance hybrid and the company's first-ever plug-in hybrid (PHEV) - though the latter is not available in the U.S. at launch. Other “foundational elements” include bold design, intuitive technology and Lexus driving signature. Experienced first-hand by SAE Media on the hilly, twisty terrain north and west of Santa Barbara, the 2023 RX, which rides on the lighter, stiffer GA-K platform that also underpins the smaller Lexus NX, hits on all marks.
The chemistry identification system is intended to support the proper and efficient recycling of rechargeable battery systems used in transportation applications with a maximum voltage greater than or equal to 12 V. These applications include propulsion, starting/lighting/ignition, and providing power to other vehicle equipment. Other battery systems such as non-rechargeable batteries, batteries in electronics, and telecom/utility batteries are not considered in the development of this specification. This does not preclude these systems from adapting the format proposed if they so choose.
xEVs involved in incidents present unique hazards associated with the high voltage system (including the battery system). These hazards can be grouped into three categories: chemical, electrical, and thermal. The potential consequences can vary depending on the size, configuration, and specific battery chemistry. Other incidents may arise from secondary events such as garage fires and floods. These types of incidents are also considered in the recommended practice (RP). This RP aims to describe the potential consequences associated with hazards from xEVs and suggest common procedures to help protect emergency responders, tow and/or recovery, storage, repair, and salvage personnel after an incident has occurred with an electrified vehicle. Industry design standards and tools were studied and where appropriate, suggested for responsible organizations to implement. Lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries used for vehicle propulsion power are the assumed battery system of this RP. This chemistry is
This paper presents a technical, financial and environmental analysis of four different hybrid buses operated under Buenos Aires driving conditions. A conventional diesel bus is used as reference and three electric hybrids equipped with different energy storage technologies, Li-Ion, NiMH batteries and double layer capacitors (ultracapacitors), are evaluated, along with a hydraulic hybrid platform which uses high-pressure accumulators as its energy buffer. The operating conditions of the buses are set using real driving GPS data collected from various bus routes within the city. The different vehicle platforms are modeled on AUTONOMIE SA and validated by comparing the obtained fuel consumption results to those reported by local transport authorities and values found in the literature. The embedded energy and CO2 emissions of each platform are estimated using GREET and the total cost of ownership of each vehicle is calculated and compared to that of the conventional bus. Furthermore
This SAE Recommended Practice provides for common battery designs through the description of dimensions, termination, retention, venting system, and other features required in an electric vehicle application. The document does not provide for performance standards. Performance will be addressed by SAE J1798. This document does provide for guidelines in proper packaging of battery modules to meet performance criteria detailed in J1766.
The analysis of nickel metal hydride (Ni-MH) battery performance is very important for automotive researchers and manufacturers. The performance of a battery can be described as a direct consequence of various chemical and physical phenomena taking place inside the container. In this paper, a physics-based model of a Ni-MH battery will be presented. To analyze its performance, the efficiency of the battery is chosen as the performance measure, which is defined as the ratio of the energy output from the battery and the energy input to the battery while charging. Parametric sensitivity analysis will be used to generate sensitivity information for the state variables of the model. The generated information will be used to showcase how sensitivity information can be used to identify unique model behavior and how it can be used to optimize the capacity of the battery. The results will be validated using a finite difference formulation.
The analysis of nickel metal hydride (Ni-MH) battery performance is very important for automotive researchers and manufacturers. The performance of a battery can be described as a direct consequence of various chemical and physical phenomena taking place inside the container. In this paper, a physics-based model of a Ni-MH battery will be presented. To analyze its performance, the efficiency of the battery is chosen as the performance measure, which is defined as the ratio of the energy output from the battery and the energy input to the battery while charging. Parametric sensitivity analysis will be used to generate sensitivity information for the state variables of the model. The generated information will be used to showcase how sensitivity information can be used to identify unique model behavior and how it can be used to optimize the capacity of the battery. The results will be validated using a finite difference formulation.
The Toyota Prius battery pack consists of 38 individual battery modules, each module contains 6 NiMH cells in series. This means that each pack contains 228 NiMH cells. Each cell has the potential to fail. This report investigates the mode of failure of Prius battery packs by first analysing a number of packs in the lab, and then road testing them in a Toyota Prius. The analysis of the battery packs show that some packs had aged “linearly”, that is in a balanced manner, such that the state of health of all modules remained similar. However, in other packs discrete modules had significantly different states of health. A pack that consists of cells that are matched in both state of health and state of charge delivers the best performance. The research also showed that the worst cell in the pack determines the overall pack performance. This was demonstrated by substituting reduced capacity or short-circuited modules into a functioning battery pack. A vehicle with a pack consisting of 37
The chemistry identification system is intended to support the proper and efficient recycling of rechargeable battery systems used in transportation applications with a maximum voltage greater than 12V (including SLI batteries). Other battery systems such as non-rechargeable batteries, batteries contained in electronics, and telecom/utility batteries are not considered in the development of this specification. This does not preclude these systems from adapting the format proposed if they so choose.
The central performance requirement for electrochemical energy storage systems for the full power-assist hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is pulse power capability, typically 25-40 kW pulse power capability for 10 seconds duration. Standard test procedures utilize constant current pulses. However, in the HEV application, the power transient for acceleration is a ramped power transient and the power transient for regenerative braking power is a descending power ramp. This paper compares the usable power capability of batteries and supercapacitors under constant current, constant power, and ramped power transients. Although the usable battery discharge power is relatively insensitive to the transient type applied, 10-40% higher regenerative braking charge capability is observed with ramped power transients. With supercapacitors, the discharge and charge capability is much more strongly dependent on the type of power transient. The discharge power capability in a ramped power transient is
xEVs involved in incidents present unique hazards associated with the high voltage system (including the battery system). These hazards can be grouped into 3 categories: chemical, electrical, and thermal. The potential consequences can vary depending on the size, configuration and specific battery chemistry. Other incidents may arise from secondary events such as garage fires and floods. These types of incidents are also considered in the recommended practice (RP). This RP aims to describe the potential consequences associated with hazards from xEVs and suggest common procedures to help protect emergency responders, tow and/or recovery, storage, repair, and salvage personnel after an incident has occurred with an electrified vehicle. Industry design standards and tools were studied and where appropriate, suggested for responsible organizations to implement. Nickel metal hydride (NiMH) and lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries used for vehicle propulsion power are the assumed battery systems
The chemistry identification system is intended to support the proper and efficient recycling of rechargeable battery systems used in transportation applications with a maximum voltage greater than 12V (including SLI batteries). Other battery systems such as non-rechargeable batteries, batteries contained in electronics, and telecom/utility batteries are not considered in the development of this specification. This does not preclude these systems from adapting the format proposed if they so choose.
Rare earths are a group of elements whose availability has been of concern due to monopolistic supply conditions and environmentally unsustainable mining practices. To evaluate the risks of rare earths availability to automakers, a first step is to determine raw material content and value in vehicles. This task is challenging because rare earth elements are used in small quantities, in a large number of components, and by suppliers far upstream in the supply chain. For this work, data on rare earth content reported by vehicle parts suppliers was assessed to estimate the rare earth usage of a typical conventional gasoline engine midsize sedan and a full hybrid sedan. Parts were selected from a large set of reported parts to build a hypothetical typical mid-size sedan. Estimates of rare earth content for vehicles with alternative powertrain and battery technologies were made based on the available parts' data. We estimate that approximately 0.44 kg of rare earths are used in a typical
Technologies related to electrical systems for the 2011 hybrid model have been developed. In order to increase energy recovery during driving, improvements were made compared to the 2006 model in terms of motor output increase and high-efficiency range expansion. In consideration of vehicle control associated with the use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) as well as reliability, a system to control effective use of battery performance was developed which involves detection of battery conditions. Control of energy management was optimized compared to nickel metal hydride (NiMH) batteries through the use of higher-output LIBs and a high-output motor.
Lithium-ion batteries have higher energy content and power density than Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries, but require carefully management for durability and safety. Unlike NiMH batteries, which are controlled on a battery unit basis, each lithium-ion cell generates a different voltage. Typically, the complex controllers required to equalize individual cell voltages are large and costly. We have developed a low-cost battery monitoring unit that performs the same function with a proprietary cell-voltage equalizing system. This new unit also offers various innovative technologies, such as detecting overcharge and over-discharge, fault diagnosis and the measurement of the batteries internal resistance to monitor degradation.
Technologies related to electrical systems for the 2011 hybrid model have been developed. In order to increase energy recovery during driving, improvements were made compared to the 2006 model in terms of motor output increase and high-efficiency range expansion, and considerations were also given to motor NV (noise and vibration). In consideration of vehicle control associated with the use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) as well as reliability, a system to control effective use of battery performance was developed which involves detection of battery conditions. Control of energy management was optimized compared to nickel metal hydride (NiMH) batteries through the use of higher-output LIBs and a high-output motor.
Because of its widespread use in almost all the current electric and hybrid electric vehicles on the market, nickel metal hydride (Ni-MH) battery performance is very important for automotive researchers and manufacturers. The performance of a battery can be described as a direct consequence of various chemical and physical phenomena taking place inside the container. To help understand these complex phenomena, a mathematical model of a Ni-MH battery will be presented in this paper. A parametric importance analysis is performed on this model to assess the contribution of individual model parameters to the battery performance. In this paper the efficiency of the battery is chosen as the performance measure. Efficiency is defined by the ratio of the energy output from the battery and the energy input to the battery while charging. By evaluating the sensitivity of the efficiency with respect to various model parameters, the order of importance of those parameters is obtained. In this
Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are becoming widely used high-energy sources and a replacement of the Nickel Metal Hydride batteries in electric vehicles (EV), hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV). Because of their light weight and high energy density, Li-ion cells can significantly reduce the weight and volume of the battery packs for EVs, HEVs and PHEVs. Some materials in the Li-ion cells have low thermal stabilities and they may become thermally unstable when their working temperature becomes higher than the upper limit of allowed operating temperature range. Thus, the cell working temperature has a significant impact on the life of Li-ion batteries. A proper control of the cell working temperature is crucial to the safety of the battery system and improving the battery life. This paper outlines an approach for the thermal analysis of Li-ion battery cells and modules. The thermal behavior was analyzed of a commercially available A123 Hymotion™ L5
ABSTRACT In this session, PowerGenix Director of Application Development Todd Tatar will describe the nickel-zinc (NiZn) technical solution, the properties and benefits of NiZn batteries, potential advantages of NiZn batteries in military ground vehicles, and a switching battery management solution to parallel batteries for extended power.
Siemens presentation of "Experiences of the Hybrid Energy Storage System Sitras HES based on a NiMH-battery and Double Layer Capacitors in Tram Operation" at Advanced Automotive Battery Conference
Based on our extensive experience and data derived from manufacturing large quantities of various cell sizes and chemistries, we are here to present our findings and reasons for selecting NiMH and Lithium Iron Phosphate as our preferred choice for EV/HEV applications, and a comparison of different chemistries.In summary, EVB Technology’s position on the practical choice of batteries for EVs and HEVs: NiMH is the most practical choice for batteries in EVs and HEVs today, and Lithium Iron Phosphate will be our focus for future development and applications.
Items per page:
50
1 – 50 of 129