Browse Topic: Alternators

Items (269)
ABSTRACT Predictive analysis of vehicle electrical systems is achievable by combining condition based maintenance (CBM) techniques and testing for statistical significance (TSS). When paired together, these two fundamentally sound sciences quantify the state of health (SOH) for batteries, alternators, starters, and electrical systems. The use of a communication protocol such as SAE J1939 allows for scheduling maintenance based on condition and not a traditional time schedule
Rini, GuyZachos, Mark
ABSTRACT With the development of the next generation of military vehicles, the demand for significant amounts of electrical power is increasing, making the design of electrical machines, such as the vehicle alternator, integral to the powertrain design. This shows the importance of the machines’ size and efficiency, and the great influence they will have on the vehicle powertrain design process. In this paper, a finite-element-based scaling technique, capable of quickly generating torque-speed curves and efficiency maps for new machine designs, is improved to have two dimensional scaling factors instead of scaling the dimensions uniformly, thus increasing the flexibility of the tool. First, a magnetostatic finite-element-analysis (FEA) is conducted on a base machine, producing data such as torque, flux linkage, and demagnetizing field intensity in the permanent magnets, over a wide range of current magnitudes and phase angles. Then, based on the dimensional and winding scaling factors
Wang, YuanyingHofmann, HeathIvanco, AndrejRizzo, Denise
ABSTRACT An experimental testing program has been developed that looks to optimize the battery recharging algorithms to improve battery lifetime and state of charge knowledge. The first phase of the testing targeted lead acid battery performance characterization as a function of controlled environmental temperatures. Subsequent testing includes performance testing under alternator recharging using default and proposed charging algorithms. A new experimental apparatus has been developed to integrate battery testing with alternator charging to simulate in-vehicle operations under controlled environmental conditions. Results are presented for the baseline performance testing, a model is presented for the characterization of battery parameters and a description of the test apparatus and approach employed for the integrated alternator testing is included
Jones, StanleyMendoza, JohnWang, DanielDing, YiZanardelli, Sonya
ABSTRACT The demand for increased export power generation and ground vehicle electrification are escalating trends due to the warfighter’s expanding mission requirements. Today’s low-voltage alternators used in some fielded ground vehicle’s power systems supply up to 650ADC, or 18kW. Future demand for vehicle export power generation is expected to reach and exceed 100kW. A majority of electric machines capable of meeting this level of power generation rely on rare-earth elements such as Neodymium (Nd), Samarium (Sm), Dysprosium (Dy) and Terbium (Tb). Due to diminished reserves in the United States, availability abroad and price volatility, continued use of rare-earth permanent magnet materials may not be viable. The expanding demand for vehicle power is on a trajectory which surpasses the U.S. ability to reliably harvest or procure rare-earth magnet materials. As such, electric machine topologies that utilize zero rare-earth magnet materials are being considered for ISG (integrated
Riley, KatherineConway, ShanShanLee, Seong T.Jung, Yong-BaeZanardelli, Wesley G.Wright, Ronnie L.
ABSTRACT Orbital Traction demonstrated through a Phase I SBIR the feasibility of a controlled velocity accessory drive (CVAD) that enables a heavy duty alternator to produce full rated power at engine idle and across the full range of engine speeds. Orbital Traction’s CVAD is based on a novel, continuously variable transmission and can be applied to other engine accessories and OBVP applications
Hysinger, Christopher L.
ABSTRACT Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) in partnership with Ker-Train Research Inc. is developing an advanced Bradley Fighting Vehicle (BFV) power take-off (PTO) drive system to improve fan drive efficiency and increase on-board electrical power generation. This presentation provides information on the integration methods, advantages of the Ker-Train drives and electronic controls, and future plans for this TARDEC project. Fan drive, PTO Generator drive and Accessory Alternator drive system information, hardware design and controls are presented. Plans for testing at SwRI are also discussed
Fussner, DougMarquardt, BrentMiller, JohnFaux, DanGoryca, MaryMcGough, MatthewManning, Pete
ABSTRACT As more electrical-based systems are developed for battlefield use, the mobile and stationary power requirements of military vehicles continue to increase. Current power requirements of the light and medium duty class military vehicles’ 28 VDC system are exceeding what is achievable from a single alternator system that is belt-driven. In-service, belted alternator systems, such as the C803 Niehoff alternator (28 VDC, 520 A), are capable of providing up to 14.5 kW of electrical power at the maximum speed of the alternator. However, during stationary applications, these systems are only capable of producing 7.7 kW at an engine idle speed of 700 RPM. For these systems to be able to comply with the 10 kW plus power requirement, additional vehicle control is needed to elevate engine speed to an appropriate level to ensure the required power output may be achieved. For power levels above 15 kW, single-machine, belt-driven solutions become impracticable. This paper evaluates various
Young, MatthewCard, AngelaPhillips, StephenMolen, G. MarshallGafford, JimMazzola, Mike
In farm tractors, the available drawbar power, and Power Take-Off (PTO) power are generally lower than the engine power due to parasitic losses. These losses are caused by engine-driven auxiliary loads such as cooling fans, hydraulic pumps for power steering, alternators, etc. Minimizing these parasitic losses can increase the available drawbar power and PTO power, resulting in direct fuel savings by reducing fuel consumption. The continuous increase in fuel costs and the environmental impact of emitted gases from burned fuel into the atmosphere have necessitated the replacement of hydraulic power steering and mechanical fans with Electric Power Steering (EPS) and electric fans, respectively, to improve efficiency. The existing battery has been replaced with a higher capacity battery to provide power to the electric fan, electric power steering, and other electrical components. Additionally, the existing alternator has been replaced with a higher capacity alternator to meet the
Arjun, P.Natarajan, SaravananChinnathambi, ManikandanA, RadhakrishnanNabar, Omkar
This SAE Standard establishes a uniform test procedure and performance requirements for the electrical system in personal watercraft. This SAE Standard does not apply to outboard powered personal watercraft and jet powered surfboards
Personal Watercraft Committee
This document defines the test procedures and performance limits of steady state and transient voltage characteristics for 12 V, 24 V, or 48 V electrical power generating systems used in commercial ground vehicles
null, null
Free piston linear engines (FPLE) directly convert the piston reciprocating motion into electricity using an integrated linear alternator. Unlike conventional crankshaft engines, the FPLE’s motion is variable and is not restricted between the predefined or fixed dead centers. The variable FPLE motion is governed by the system of forces acting on the translator (reciprocating) mechanism. In some cases, energy storage devices like stiff mechanical springs are used in the FPLE system for increasing frequency and power density. Variations in the forces acting on the reciprocating mechanism will significantly influence the dynamics, in-cylinder thermodynamics, and mechanical friction losses of FPLE. While the researchers til today focused on finding the piston ring frictional characteristics for one design and operating point, no investigation was performed to understand how different design and operating variables impact the frictional characteristics of a free piston engine. Furthermore
Bade, MeharSubramanian, JayaramClark, NigelFamouri, Parviz
Complex FEAD system in modern powertrain is reality today due to demanding regulation, hybrid powertrain and increasing customer expectation. Gasoline engines are going to be preferred over diesel engines specially for passenger car application. These downsized engines lead to increase engine excitation and so to higher dynamics. Use of overrunning alternator pulley (OAP) is globally accepted as cost effective and technically proven product for FEAD system to make it robust by optimizing the system performance such as belt tension, hub load, slippage and vibrations to improve fuel consumption and to reduce engine emissions. OAP is a mechanical device with one-way clutch unit which eliminates the torsional vibrations coming from engine crankshaft and ensures only accelerating proportions of crankshaft forces are transferred to alternator which means reduction in force level of belt drive system. This paper describes the advantage of usage of OAP to achieve reduction in fuel consumption
Jagtap, PratikRathore, Krishna K
This paper describes the implementation, integration, testing and performance evaluation of compact and battery-less alternator with external regulator for diesel engine for avionics application. The key responsibility of this alternator is to generate 2.8kW power with 28V regulated power supply for various loads. The alternator has been integrated and installed on the diesel engine and further tested on dynamometer and thrust cradle with propeller combination. The alternator when used in conjunction with ACU (Alternator Control Unit) that is designed to boot strap field voltage during low speed operation, has the ability to self-excite. The alternator / ACU system has the ability to generate power even in the absence of battery voltage i.e. in battery less systems or those in which the battery is not always connected to the alternator. External voltage regulator has been used which minimizes ripple up to 1.0V. The alternator rpm ranges from 3000 to 10000 for generating maximum power
TRIPATHI, S KRadhakrishna, DPatel, T S
Two-layer engine front end accessory drive systems (TEFEADS) are adopted generally by commercial vehicles due to the characteristics of the accessory pulleys, which have large torque and moment of inertia. An overrunning alternator decoupler (OAD) is an advanced vibration isolator which can reduce the amplitude of torsional vibration of alternator rotor effectively by an one-way transmission and they are more and more widely used in vehicles. This paper established a model of a generic layout of a TEFEADS with an OAD. The coupling effect between the TEFEADS, the nonlinear characteristics of OAD, the torsional vibration of crankshaft and the creeping on the belt were taken into account. A nine pulleys model was provided as a study example, the dynamic responses, which are respectively under steady and accelerating conditions, of the system were calculated by the established method and compared with the bench experiment. The influence of different belt material, the stiffness of OAD
Sun, YiLi, LipingShangguan, Wen-Bin
Performance of a natural gas two-stroke engine incorporated in a 1-kW free-piston oscillating Linear Engine Alternator (LEA) - a household electricity generator - was investigated under different resonant frequencies for pre-design phase purposes. To increase the robustness, power density, and thermal efficiencies, the crank mechanism in free-piston LEA is omitted and all moving parts of the generator operate at a fixed resonant frequency. Flexure springs are the main source of the LEA’s stiffness and the mass-spring dynamics dominates the engine’s speed. The trade-off between the engine’s performance, mass-spring system limits, and power and efficiency targets versus the LEA speed is very crucial and demands a careful investigation specifically at the concept design stages to find the optimum design parameters and operating conditions. CFD modeling was performed to analyze the effects of resonant frequency on the engine’s gas exchange behavior. To take combustion effects into account
Zamani Meymian, NimaDarzi, MahdiJohnson, DerekFamouri, Parviz
The generator is an important loaded component of an engine front end accessory drive system (EFEADS). With a huge moment of inertia and a highest running speed, the vibration and noise often occurs in operation, which has an effect on the service life. Thus an overrunning alternator decoupler (OAD) is used in the EFEADS for reducing the vibration of system. In this paper, a model of EFEADS with an OAD is established. The impact of the OAD on the dynamic responses of pulley of generator and the system are analyzed, and is verified by bench experiments. And the influence of parameters, such as spring stiffness, moment of inertia of generator and loaded torque on the dynamic performances of the system are studied. The influence of misalignment in pulleys on the dynamic performance of system is also discussed. The presented method is useful for optimizing the dynamic performance of system, such as the oscillation of tensioner arm and the slip ratio of the belt-generator pulley
Yin, ZhonghuiLong, ShangbinSun, YiZhao, WeijunShangguan, Wen-Bin
The increased adoption of downsized engines along with higher electrical demand is generating a challenge to the Front-End Accessory Drive (FEAD) system functioning and validation. One alternative to speed up the validation of potential design solutions is the in-vehicle experimental tests approach. Nevertheless, experimental data collection during in-vehicle FEAD evaluation imposes some challenges due to, for instance, packaging space constraints and sample rate required to capture the dynamic events during vehicle operation, among others. In order to overcome this limitation, the objective of this research is focused in the development of a customized test rig that emulates FEAD layout of an actual automobile in a simulated operating condition. This equipment could contribute in research studies focusing in critical performance parameters, allowing complete data acquisition and evaluation of potential design trade-offs that could maximize overall performance of the system, as the
Michelotti, Alvaro CantoBerto, Lucas FigueiroPastorelli, Pedro PalmaFerreira, Andre FranciosoTakemori, Celso Kenzoda Silva, Diego WilianBaars, Edmar
This SAE Recommended Practice provides test methods and requirements for maintenance of design voltage in snowmobile electrical systems. It pertains to both battery-equipped and battery-less systems
Snowmobile Technical Committee
This SAE standard describes alternator physical, performance, and application requirements for heavy-duty electrical charging systems for off-road work machines, including those defined in SAE J1116
CTTC C2, Electrical Components and Systems
Linear engine alternator (LEA) design optimization traditionally has been difficult because each independent variable alters the motion with respect to time, and therefore alters the engine and alternator response to other governing variables. An analogy is drawn to a conventional engine with a very light flywheel, where the rotational speed effectively is not constant. However, when springs are used in conjunction with an LEA, the motion becomes more consistent and more sinusoidal with increasing spring stiffness. This avoids some attractive features, such as variable compression ratio HCCI operation, but aids in reducing cycle-to-cycle variation for conventional combustion modes. To understand the cycle-to-cycle variations, we have developed a comprehensive model of an LEA with a 1kW target power in MATLAB®/Simulink, and an LEA corresponding to that model has been operated in the laboratory. This MATLAB®/Simulink numerical model has been used to examine the sensitivity of the LEA
Bade, MeharClark, NigelFamouri, ParvizGuggilapu, PriyaankaDeviDarzi, MahdiJohnson, Derek
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) considers the following major areas: 1 major components and their ratings; 2 selection criteria for optimum design balance for electrical systems; 3 effects of operating conditions and environment on both maintenance and life of components; 4 trouble signals - their diagnosis and cure
AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee
Increasingly research has been conducted lately towards reduction of both fuel consumption and gases emission in automotive vehicles propelled by Internal Combustion Engines. Among many initiatives, downsizing of those engines has been broadly adopted, arising side effects as increased vibration levels along Front-End Accessory Drive (FEAD) system. The present study focuses on the potential improvement of transmission efficiency and of vibration levels along FEAD by considering different layouts for the system. Multiple combinations of alternator pulley technologies and tensioner types are evaluated either during in-vehicle tests or in customized test rig that emulates vehicle FEAD in operating conditions. Specific transducers spred over the vehicle and at test rig assure the relevant data are captured for every layout arrangement investigated. Experimental results evidence the influence of distinct alternator pulley technologies and tensioner types on both transmission efficiency and
Ferreira, Andre FranciosoMichelotti, Alvaro CantoBerto, Lucas FigueiroPastorelli, Pedro PalmaTakemori, Celso KenzoSilva, Diego Wilian daBaars, Edmar
There is a clear concern about air pollution on the planet. Measures to reduce CO2 emissions in the Earth's atmosphere were taken to minimize the possibility of global warming. In the context, many countries have created laws and incentive programs that encourage an automotive industry to develop innovative technologies to increase the energy efficiency of their vehicles, thereby reducing fuel consumption and consequently reducing CO2 emissions. Often technologies are applied in combination so that there is an increase in energy efficiency of the vehicle. The objective of this work is to present an experimental evaluation of the energy consumption and reduction of CO2 with a combined application of the Stop & Start measures and mechanical decoupling of the alternator. The new alternator with mechanical and consequent electrical decoupling, consists of a pulley integrated to an electromagnetic clutch. The decoupling is performed according to the internal combustion engine operating
Sales, Luís Carlos M.Sousa, John Marlon S.Monteiro, Luis Gustavo C.Rodrigues, João P.Borges, Fábio R.
With the adoption of the Worldwide harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) and the Real Driving Emissions (RDE) regulations for testing and monitoring the vehicle pollutant emissions, as well as CO2 and fuel consumption, the gap between real world and type approval performances is expected to decrease to a large extent. With respect to CO2, however, WLTP is not expected to fully eliminate the reported 40% discrepancy between real world and type approval values. This is mainly attributed to the fact that laboratory tests take place under average controlled conditions that do not fully replicate the environmental and traffic conditions experienced over daily driving across Europe. In addition, any uncertainties of a pre-defined test protocol and the vehicle operation can be optimized to lower the CO2 emissions of the type approval test. Such issues can be minimized in principle with the adoption of a real-world test for fuel consumption. However, repeatability and an accuracy of
Samaras, ZissisTsokolis, DimitrisDimaratos, AthanasiosNtziachristos, LeonidasDoulgeris, StylianosLigterink, NorbertVonk, WillarCuelenaere, Rob
Real world driving conditions and tightening legislations require improved performance of aftertreatment systems at lower temperatures. Electric heat has been shown to be an effective method of heating exhaust, but having a practical means to provide power and control for the heater has been a barrier for implementation. Recent testing has demonstrated the ability of a 24Vdc heating and control system to effectively heat exhaust using only conventional alternator and battery power sources. Results from transient cycles show the effectiveness of the electrical system and the extent of exhaust heating
Culbertson, DavidKhair, MagdiZha, YuhuiDiestelmeier, Jeff
Among the alternatives for solving NVH (Noise, Vibration and Harshness) problems in automobiles, the alternator pulley has become one of the most promising alternatives in the Frond-End Accessory Drive (FEAD) of modern engines. The rigid pulley has evolved from a simple device whose only function is torque transmission to a system with much more complex functions. At this higher level of complexity, many innovative designs have been created, such as pulleys with overrunning function and pulleys with both One-Way Clutch (OWC) and vibration dampening functions, which are devices that require a high level of study in order to guarantee an adequate design of the system for each new application. This paper presents the steps taken in dimensioning two distinct types of springs: a clutch spring and a torsion spring, to be applied in alternator pulleys with OWC and vibration dampening systems. The method begins with preliminary dimensioning of the springs using analytic formulae, and then
Pastorelli, Pedro P.Michelotti, Alvaro C.Ferreira, André L. F.Berto, Lucas F.
Vehicle alternator pulleys with one-way-clutch and vibration attenuation mechanisms have recently been adopted in modern vehicles in order to reduce or mitigate undesirable side effects of torsional vibrations generated by Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) during its normal operation. It is noticeable how excessive vibration can be particularly detrimental to the components of the Front-End Accessory Drive (FEAD) system. Increase of inertia forces due to the use of larger alternators along with the increase in torsional vibration amplitudes of downsized engines added up with lower idling speeds to reduce emissions have set a challenge for proper FEAD functioning and validation. In order to validate potential design solutions, in-vehicle experimental tests are an important approach. How to define an adequate test plan, execute test cycles and post-process bulk experimental data to assure proper assessment of alternator pulley alternatives is a key factor of success. Proper parameter
Michelotti, Alvaro C.Pastorelli, Pedro P.Ferreira, Andre L. F.Berto, Lucas F.Takemori, Celso K.da Silva, Diego W.Baars, Edmar
On two wheelers, magneto/alternator generates either single/three phase AC power and Regulator Rectifier Unit (RRU) does regulated rectification to charge the battery. In order to face the requirements of 2-wheeler engine with respect to upcoming stringent regulations like electronic fuel injection (EFI), anti-lock braking system (ABS), automatic headlamp on (AHO) in emerging markets like India; vehicles demand more electrical power from batteries. This demands higher power from alternator and consequently from RRU. Requirement of higher output power presents challenges on regulator rectifier unit in terms of size, power dissipation management and reliability. In this paper, improved performance of MOSFET based RRU is discussed in comparison to Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) based RRU. The motivation/benefits of MOSFET based design is described along with the thermal behavior and temperature coefficient performance of RRU with test results. The second topic discussed is how the
Verma, RamitR Ugale, Ramdas
With fuel efficiency becoming an increasingly critical aspect of internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, the necessity for research on efficient generation of electric energy has been growing. An energy management (EM) system controls the generation of electric energy using an alternator. This paper presents a strategy for the EM using a control mode switch (CMS) of the alternator for the (ICE) vehicles. This EM recovers the vehicle’s residual kinetic energy to improve the fuel efficiency. The residual kinetic energy occurs when a driver manipulates a vehicle to decelerate. The residual energy is commonly wasted as heat energy of the brake. In such circumstances, the wasted energy can be converted to electric energy by operating an alternator. This conversion can reduce additional fuel consumption. For extended application of the energy conversion, the future duration time of the residual power is exploited. The duration time is derived from the vehicle’s future speed profile. The
Kim, HaksuShin, JaewookSunwoo, Myoungho
The engine indicated torque is not delivered entirely to the wheels, because it is lowered by losses, such as the pumping, mechanical friction and front auxiliary power consumption. The front auxiliary belt drive system is a big power consumer-fueling and operating the various accessory devices, such as air conditioning compressor, electric alternator, and power steering pump. The standard fuel economy test does not consider the auxiliary driving torque when it is activated during the actual driving condition and it is considered a five-cycle correction factor only. Therefore, research on improving the front end auxiliary drive (FEAD) system is still relevant in the immediate future, particularly regarding the air conditioning compressor and the electric alternator. An exertion to minimize the auxiliary loss is much smaller than the sustained effort required to reduce engine friction loss. The purpose of this paper is two-fold: first, to measure a quantitative accounting value of the
Lee, JongwonOh, SedooJoo, Kyung SubYi, SeyoungHa, Kyoung-PyoJoo, Seongbaek
The Ohio State University EcoCAR 3 team is building a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) post-transmission parallel 2016 Chevrolet Camaro. With the end-goal of improving fuel economy and reducing tail pipe emissions, the Ohio State Camaro has been fitted with a 32 kW alternator-starter belt coupled to a 119 kW 2.0L GDI I4 engine that runs on 85% ethanol (E85). The belted alternator starter (BAS) which aids engine start-stop operation, series mode and torque assist, is powered by an 18.9 kWh Lithium Iron Phosphate energy storage system, and controlled by a DC-AC inverter/controller. This report details the modeling, calibration, testing and validation work done by the Ohio State team to fast track development of the BAS system in Year 2 of the competition. The process included modeling and simulating the performance of the BAS in a full vehicle simulation model, calibration of the inverter control parameters, validation of BAS current and torque maps for control purposes and
Kibalama, DennisHuster, AndrewKhanna, ArjunModak, AdityaYatsko, MargaretJankord, GregoryMidlam-Mohler, Shawn
For the purpose of improving vehicle fuel efficiency, it is necessary to reduce energy loss in the alternator. We have lowered the resistance of the rectifying device and connecting components, and control the rectifying device with an IC to reduce rectification loss. For the package design, we have changed the structure of the part on which the rectifying device is mounted into a high heat dissipation type. The new structure has enabled optimizing the size of the rectifying device, resulting in the reduction of size of the package. In addition, the rectifying device is mounted using a new soldering material and a new process, which has improved the reliability of the connection. Moreover, since the alternator has introduced a new system, the controller IC has a function for preventing malfunction of the rectifying device and a function for detecting abnormalities, in order to ensure safety. These technologies have realized a low-energy loss high-reliability rectifier, which contribute
Matsushita, Koki
Alternator, which supplies electric energy to a battery and electrical loads when it is rotated by engine via belt, is one of key components to improve vehicle fuel efficiency. We have reduced rectification loss from AC to DC with a MOSFET instead of a rectifier diode. It is important to turn on the MOSFET and off during a rectification period, called synchronous control, to avoid a current flow in the reverse direction from the battery. We turn it off so as to remain a certain conduction period through a body diode of the MOSFET before the rectification end. It is controlled by making a feedback process to coincide with an internal target conduction period based on the rotational speed of the alternator. We reduced a voltage surge risk at turn-off by changing the feedback gain depending on the sign of the time difference between the measured period and the target. In addition to reducing the rectification loss, reducing copper loss with low resistance coil winding and iron loss with
Nakanishi, Masaya
This paper presents a numerical methodology to predict the dynamic behavior of the front end accessory drive (FEAD) and the overrunning alternator decoupler (OAD) pulley. The methodology uses the commercial code Altair Radioss, and is based on 3D Lagrangian formulation, finite element method and explicit time integration schemes. Contact between different parts were considered using penalty methods. The methodology is divided in two independent parts: 1) FEAD with rigid pulleys, and 2) OAD pulley alone with flexible components. In the first part it is possible to evaluate the vibration of relevant components like the belt and the tensioner pulley, and in the second part it is possible to analyze not only the vibration of the OAD pulley, but also the stresses on critical components to durability. It is also presented a comparison between numerical and experimental results, where the torque profile as a function of the angle is presented for the OAD pulley in a quasi-static test, and the
Michelotti, A. C.Ferreira, A. L. F.Berto, L. F.Takemori, C. K.da Silva, D. W.Baars, E.
The free piston engine combined with a linear electric alternator has the potential to be a highly efficient converter from fossil fuel energy to electrical power. With only a single major moving part (the translating rod), mechanical friction is reduced compared to conventional crankshaft technology. Instead of crankshaft linkages, the motion of the translator is driven by the force balance between the engine cylinder, alternator, damping losses, and springs. Focusing primarily on mechanical springs, this paper explores the use of springs to increase engine speed and reduce cyclic variability. A numeric model has been constructed in MATLAB®/Simulink to represent the various subsystems, including the engine, alternator, and springs. Within the simulation is a controller that forces the engine to operate at a constant compression ratio by affecting the alternator load. The complex interdependence of the free piston engine alternator is analyzed with respect to parametric changes to the
Robinson, Matthew C.Clark, Nigel N.
Micro hybrid Systems are emerging as a promising solution to reduce the fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in emerging markets, where the strict emission requirements are being enforced gradually. Micro hybrid Systems reduce the fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in a conventional vehicle with 12 V electrical system, by optimizing the electrical energy generation, storage, and distribution, with functions like Intelligent Alternator Control, Engine Stop/Start, and Load Management. With the advent of Connected Car Systems, information about the vehicle is seamlessly provided to the customer not just through the Human Machine Interface systems within the vehicle, but to other mobile devices used by the customers. In a vehicle with Micro Hybrid System, as the key feature is fuel efficiency improvement, it becomes essential to provide the information of improvement in fuel efficiency, in addition to the fuel consumption, so that the user appreciates the effectiveness
Athani, GopalDongare, KapilGavarraju, Srinivasa RajuKulkarni, ShashiYerraguntla, Prasad
Micro Hybrid Systems are essentially first step towards the electrification of the powertrains. They are aimed at improving the fuel efficiency of the conventional gasoline and diesel power trains with conventional 12 V electrical system, and thus reduce the CO2 emissions as well. Various technologies like Engine Stop-Start, Intelligent Alternator Control, and Electrical Energy Management Systems are included in the bracket of micro hybrid systems. These system functions demand a totally different approach for managing the SLI battery, which is a total departure from the conventional approach. Particularly, the Alternator Shutdown function of Intelligent Alternator Control maintains a calibrated average level of State of Charge, which is typically around 80%, to ensure that the battery can accept more current, during the energy recuperation, which indirectly improves fuel economy. However, continuous operation under partially discharged condition, results in the sulfation in the
Athani, GopalDongare, KapilBalusu, RajeshGupta, SubhabrataGavarraju, Srinivasa Raju
There are variety of motors and generators/alternators being manufactured internationally, for variety of applications. It is a difficult task for the user to identify and select the type of motor /generator/alternator for a specific use, by the designer and ultimately the user is totally unaware of what is bought and why. There is a need to designate the motors and generators. So that by interpretation of the identification nomenclature of the motor or generator, its type can be judged. Whether it is a series motor, an induction motor etc, in case of motors. This will eventually make it easy for the manufacturer, the buyer and the consumer to identify the motor or generator type. So a universally accepted and followed identification nomenclature is required to be developed which will henceforth make dealing in motors and generators simpler for all. It will prove to be useful during troubleshooting. During the time of failure or any abnormality in the machinery, the person using it
Sharma, SonakshiGarg, ShubhranshuKumar, VipulGupte, Sudhir Kashinath
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