Browse Topic: Alternators
ABSTRACT Predictive analysis of vehicle electrical systems is achievable by combining condition based maintenance (CBM) techniques and testing for statistical significance (TSS). When paired together, these two fundamentally sound sciences quantify the state of health (SOH) for batteries, alternators, starters, and electrical systems. The use of a communication protocol such as SAE J1939 allows for scheduling maintenance based on condition and not a traditional time schedule
ABSTRACT Orbital Traction demonstrated through a Phase I SBIR the feasibility of a controlled velocity accessory drive (CVAD) that enables a heavy duty alternator to produce full rated power at engine idle and across the full range of engine speeds. Orbital Traction’s CVAD is based on a novel, continuously variable transmission and can be applied to other engine accessories and OBVP applications
ABSTRACT Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) in partnership with Ker-Train Research Inc. is developing an advanced Bradley Fighting Vehicle (BFV) power take-off (PTO) drive system to improve fan drive efficiency and increase on-board electrical power generation. This presentation provides information on the integration methods, advantages of the Ker-Train drives and electronic controls, and future plans for this TARDEC project. Fan drive, PTO Generator drive and Accessory Alternator drive system information, hardware design and controls are presented. Plans for testing at SwRI are also discussed
This SAE Standard establishes a uniform test procedure and performance requirements for the electrical system in personal watercraft. This SAE Standard does not apply to outboard powered personal watercraft and jet powered surfboards
This document defines the test procedures and performance limits of steady state and transient voltage characteristics for 12 V, 24 V, or 48 V electrical power generating systems used in commercial ground vehicles
Complex FEAD system in modern powertrain is reality today due to demanding regulation, hybrid powertrain and increasing customer expectation. Gasoline engines are going to be preferred over diesel engines specially for passenger car application. These downsized engines lead to increase engine excitation and so to higher dynamics. Use of overrunning alternator pulley (OAP) is globally accepted as cost effective and technically proven product for FEAD system to make it robust by optimizing the system performance such as belt tension, hub load, slippage and vibrations to improve fuel consumption and to reduce engine emissions. OAP is a mechanical device with one-way clutch unit which eliminates the torsional vibrations coming from engine crankshaft and ensures only accelerating proportions of crankshaft forces are transferred to alternator which means reduction in force level of belt drive system. This paper describes the advantage of usage of OAP to achieve reduction in fuel consumption
This paper describes the implementation, integration, testing and performance evaluation of compact and battery-less alternator with external regulator for diesel engine for avionics application. The key responsibility of this alternator is to generate 2.8kW power with 28V regulated power supply for various loads. The alternator has been integrated and installed on the diesel engine and further tested on dynamometer and thrust cradle with propeller combination. The alternator when used in conjunction with ACU (Alternator Control Unit) that is designed to boot strap field voltage during low speed operation, has the ability to self-excite. The alternator / ACU system has the ability to generate power even in the absence of battery voltage i.e. in battery less systems or those in which the battery is not always connected to the alternator. External voltage regulator has been used which minimizes ripple up to 1.0V. The alternator rpm ranges from 3000 to 10000 for generating maximum power
Two-layer engine front end accessory drive systems (TEFEADS) are adopted generally by commercial vehicles due to the characteristics of the accessory pulleys, which have large torque and moment of inertia. An overrunning alternator decoupler (OAD) is an advanced vibration isolator which can reduce the amplitude of torsional vibration of alternator rotor effectively by an one-way transmission and they are more and more widely used in vehicles. This paper established a model of a generic layout of a TEFEADS with an OAD. The coupling effect between the TEFEADS, the nonlinear characteristics of OAD, the torsional vibration of crankshaft and the creeping on the belt were taken into account. A nine pulleys model was provided as a study example, the dynamic responses, which are respectively under steady and accelerating conditions, of the system were calculated by the established method and compared with the bench experiment. The influence of different belt material, the stiffness of OAD
The generator is an important loaded component of an engine front end accessory drive system (EFEADS). With a huge moment of inertia and a highest running speed, the vibration and noise often occurs in operation, which has an effect on the service life. Thus an overrunning alternator decoupler (OAD) is used in the EFEADS for reducing the vibration of system. In this paper, a model of EFEADS with an OAD is established. The impact of the OAD on the dynamic responses of pulley of generator and the system are analyzed, and is verified by bench experiments. And the influence of parameters, such as spring stiffness, moment of inertia of generator and loaded torque on the dynamic performances of the system are studied. The influence of misalignment in pulleys on the dynamic performance of system is also discussed. The presented method is useful for optimizing the dynamic performance of system, such as the oscillation of tensioner arm and the slip ratio of the belt-generator pulley
This SAE Recommended Practice provides test methods and requirements for maintenance of design voltage in snowmobile electrical systems. It pertains to both battery-equipped and battery-less systems
This SAE standard describes alternator physical, performance, and application requirements for heavy-duty electrical charging systems for off-road work machines, including those defined in SAE J1116
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) considers the following major areas: 1 major components and their ratings; 2 selection criteria for optimum design balance for electrical systems; 3 effects of operating conditions and environment on both maintenance and life of components; 4 trouble signals - their diagnosis and cure
Increasingly research has been conducted lately towards reduction of both fuel consumption and gases emission in automotive vehicles propelled by Internal Combustion Engines. Among many initiatives, downsizing of those engines has been broadly adopted, arising side effects as increased vibration levels along Front-End Accessory Drive (FEAD) system. The present study focuses on the potential improvement of transmission efficiency and of vibration levels along FEAD by considering different layouts for the system. Multiple combinations of alternator pulley technologies and tensioner types are evaluated either during in-vehicle tests or in customized test rig that emulates vehicle FEAD in operating conditions. Specific transducers spred over the vehicle and at test rig assure the relevant data are captured for every layout arrangement investigated. Experimental results evidence the influence of distinct alternator pulley technologies and tensioner types on both transmission efficiency and
There is a clear concern about air pollution on the planet. Measures to reduce CO2 emissions in the Earth's atmosphere were taken to minimize the possibility of global warming. In the context, many countries have created laws and incentive programs that encourage an automotive industry to develop innovative technologies to increase the energy efficiency of their vehicles, thereby reducing fuel consumption and consequently reducing CO2 emissions. Often technologies are applied in combination so that there is an increase in energy efficiency of the vehicle. The objective of this work is to present an experimental evaluation of the energy consumption and reduction of CO2 with a combined application of the Stop & Start measures and mechanical decoupling of the alternator. The new alternator with mechanical and consequent electrical decoupling, consists of a pulley integrated to an electromagnetic clutch. The decoupling is performed according to the internal combustion engine operating
With the adoption of the Worldwide harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) and the Real Driving Emissions (RDE) regulations for testing and monitoring the vehicle pollutant emissions, as well as CO2 and fuel consumption, the gap between real world and type approval performances is expected to decrease to a large extent. With respect to CO2, however, WLTP is not expected to fully eliminate the reported 40% discrepancy between real world and type approval values. This is mainly attributed to the fact that laboratory tests take place under average controlled conditions that do not fully replicate the environmental and traffic conditions experienced over daily driving across Europe. In addition, any uncertainties of a pre-defined test protocol and the vehicle operation can be optimized to lower the CO2 emissions of the type approval test. Such issues can be minimized in principle with the adoption of a real-world test for fuel consumption. However, repeatability and an accuracy of
Real world driving conditions and tightening legislations require improved performance of aftertreatment systems at lower temperatures. Electric heat has been shown to be an effective method of heating exhaust, but having a practical means to provide power and control for the heater has been a barrier for implementation. Recent testing has demonstrated the ability of a 24Vdc heating and control system to effectively heat exhaust using only conventional alternator and battery power sources. Results from transient cycles show the effectiveness of the electrical system and the extent of exhaust heating
On two wheelers, magneto/alternator generates either single/three phase AC power and Regulator Rectifier Unit (RRU) does regulated rectification to charge the battery. In order to face the requirements of 2-wheeler engine with respect to upcoming stringent regulations like electronic fuel injection (EFI), anti-lock braking system (ABS), automatic headlamp on (AHO) in emerging markets like India; vehicles demand more electrical power from batteries. This demands higher power from alternator and consequently from RRU. Requirement of higher output power presents challenges on regulator rectifier unit in terms of size, power dissipation management and reliability. In this paper, improved performance of MOSFET based RRU is discussed in comparison to Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) based RRU. The motivation/benefits of MOSFET based design is described along with the thermal behavior and temperature coefficient performance of RRU with test results. The second topic discussed is how the
For the purpose of improving vehicle fuel efficiency, it is necessary to reduce energy loss in the alternator. We have lowered the resistance of the rectifying device and connecting components, and control the rectifying device with an IC to reduce rectification loss. For the package design, we have changed the structure of the part on which the rectifying device is mounted into a high heat dissipation type. The new structure has enabled optimizing the size of the rectifying device, resulting in the reduction of size of the package. In addition, the rectifying device is mounted using a new soldering material and a new process, which has improved the reliability of the connection. Moreover, since the alternator has introduced a new system, the controller IC has a function for preventing malfunction of the rectifying device and a function for detecting abnormalities, in order to ensure safety. These technologies have realized a low-energy loss high-reliability rectifier, which contribute
This paper presents a numerical methodology to predict the dynamic behavior of the front end accessory drive (FEAD) and the overrunning alternator decoupler (OAD) pulley. The methodology uses the commercial code Altair Radioss, and is based on 3D Lagrangian formulation, finite element method and explicit time integration schemes. Contact between different parts were considered using penalty methods. The methodology is divided in two independent parts: 1) FEAD with rigid pulleys, and 2) OAD pulley alone with flexible components. In the first part it is possible to evaluate the vibration of relevant components like the belt and the tensioner pulley, and in the second part it is possible to analyze not only the vibration of the OAD pulley, but also the stresses on critical components to durability. It is also presented a comparison between numerical and experimental results, where the torque profile as a function of the angle is presented for the OAD pulley in a quasi-static test, and the
The free piston engine combined with a linear electric alternator has the potential to be a highly efficient converter from fossil fuel energy to electrical power. With only a single major moving part (the translating rod), mechanical friction is reduced compared to conventional crankshaft technology. Instead of crankshaft linkages, the motion of the translator is driven by the force balance between the engine cylinder, alternator, damping losses, and springs. Focusing primarily on mechanical springs, this paper explores the use of springs to increase engine speed and reduce cyclic variability. A numeric model has been constructed in MATLAB®/Simulink to represent the various subsystems, including the engine, alternator, and springs. Within the simulation is a controller that forces the engine to operate at a constant compression ratio by affecting the alternator load. The complex interdependence of the free piston engine alternator is analyzed with respect to parametric changes to the
Micro hybrid Systems are emerging as a promising solution to reduce the fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in emerging markets, where the strict emission requirements are being enforced gradually. Micro hybrid Systems reduce the fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in a conventional vehicle with 12 V electrical system, by optimizing the electrical energy generation, storage, and distribution, with functions like Intelligent Alternator Control, Engine Stop/Start, and Load Management. With the advent of Connected Car Systems, information about the vehicle is seamlessly provided to the customer not just through the Human Machine Interface systems within the vehicle, but to other mobile devices used by the customers. In a vehicle with Micro Hybrid System, as the key feature is fuel efficiency improvement, it becomes essential to provide the information of improvement in fuel efficiency, in addition to the fuel consumption, so that the user appreciates the effectiveness
Micro Hybrid Systems are essentially first step towards the electrification of the powertrains. They are aimed at improving the fuel efficiency of the conventional gasoline and diesel power trains with conventional 12 V electrical system, and thus reduce the CO2 emissions as well. Various technologies like Engine Stop-Start, Intelligent Alternator Control, and Electrical Energy Management Systems are included in the bracket of micro hybrid systems. These system functions demand a totally different approach for managing the SLI battery, which is a total departure from the conventional approach. Particularly, the Alternator Shutdown function of Intelligent Alternator Control maintains a calibrated average level of State of Charge, which is typically around 80%, to ensure that the battery can accept more current, during the energy recuperation, which indirectly improves fuel economy. However, continuous operation under partially discharged condition, results in the sulfation in the
There are variety of motors and generators/alternators being manufactured internationally, for variety of applications. It is a difficult task for the user to identify and select the type of motor /generator/alternator for a specific use, by the designer and ultimately the user is totally unaware of what is bought and why. There is a need to designate the motors and generators. So that by interpretation of the identification nomenclature of the motor or generator, its type can be judged. Whether it is a series motor, an induction motor etc, in case of motors. This will eventually make it easy for the manufacturer, the buyer and the consumer to identify the motor or generator type. So a universally accepted and followed identification nomenclature is required to be developed which will henceforth make dealing in motors and generators simpler for all. It will prove to be useful during troubleshooting. During the time of failure or any abnormality in the machinery, the person using it
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