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This SAE Standard was developed to provide a method for indicating the direction of engine rotation and numbering of engine cylinders. The document is intended for use in designing new engines to eliminate the differences which presently exist in industry
This SAE Recommended Practice is intended for hubs and spoke wheels used on Class 6, 7, and 8 truck/truck-tractor non-powered front axles, powered and non-powered rear axles and trailer axles, for which bearing setting is manually adjusted. Assemblies using spacers to control bearing preload and endplay may differ in geometry and bearing componentry
This SAE Recommended Practice is intended to serve as a guide for standardization of features, dimensions, and configurations of balance weights for aluminum and steel wheels intended for use on passenger cars, light trucks, and multipurpose vehicles to assure good installation and retention of the balance weight. This document also provides test procedures and minimum performance requirements for testing balance weight retention
This document proposes methods for the testing and evaluation of aluminum wheel and wheel trim surface finishes for compatibility with various types of tire, wheel and car wash cleaning materials, and other chemicals that might come into contact with these automotive components. It is recognized that each end user of this methodology might seek answers to questions that are unique to his business or situation. Therefore, the procedure is written in a generic sequence that could be strictly followed, repeated, or modified in order to provide the user with the best results. Example decision tree are provided to help the user select a sequence of exposure steps that would best suit his needs, (reference Figures 1, 2). This procedure should not be utilized if the intent is to evaluate the compatibility of wheel finishes to any flammable products, because those chemistries would require special laboratory safety and handling precautions
This SAE Recommended Practice defines a clearance line for establishing dimensional compatibility between drum brakes and wheels with 19.5 inch, 22.5 inch, and 24.5 inch diameter rims. Wheels designed for use with drum brakes may not be suitable for disc brake applications. The lines provided establish the maximum envelope for brakes, including all clearances, and minimum envelope for complete wheels to allow for interchangeability. This document addresses the dimensional characteristics only, and makes no reference to the performance, operational dynamic deflections, or heat dissipation of the system. Valve clearances have not been included in the fitment lines. Bent valves may be required to clear brake drums. Disc brake applications may require additional running clearances beyond those provided by the minimum contour lines. Mounting systems as noted are referenced in SAE J694
This document addresses robustness of electrical/electronic modules for use in automotive applications. Where practical, methods of extrinsic reliability detection and prevention will also be addressed. This document primarily deals with electrical/electronic modules (EEMs), but can easily be adapted for use on mechatronics, sensors, actuators and switches. EEM qualification is the main scope of this document. Other procedures addressing random failures are specifically addressed in the CPI (Component Process Interaction) section 10. This document is to be used within the context of the Zero Defect concept for component manufacturing and product use. It is recommended that the robustness of semiconductor devices and other components used in the EEM be assured using SAE J1879 OCT2007, Handbook for Robustness Validation of Semiconductor Devices in Automotive Applications. The emphasis of this document is on hardware and manufacturing failure mechanisms, however, other contemporary issues
This SAE Recommended Practice provides for standardized steel disc wheel radial runout low point marking. This marking is used for match-mounting tires on wheels to minimize assembly radial force variation. It applies to tubeless 15 degree drop center disc wheels for use on class 5, 6, 7, and 8 commercial vehicles
This SAE Standard covers the dimensional and general specifications, including performance requirements, for carbon steel self-drilling tapping screws suitable for use in general applications having point Styles 2, 3, 4, and 5. It is the objective of this document to ensure that carbon steel self-drilling tapping screws, by meeting the mechanical and performance requirements specified, shall drill a hole and form or cut mating threads in materials into which they are driven without deforming their own thread and without breaking during assembly
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes mechanical property ranges for low-carbon automotive hot-rolled sheet, cold-rolled sheet, and metallic-coated sheet steels. It also contains information that explains the different nomenclature used with these steels
The scope of this SAE Information Report is to supply the user with sufficient information so that he may decide whether liquid penetrant test methods apply to his particular inspection problem. Detailed technical information can be obtained by referring to Section 2
The purpose of this SAE Information Report is to provide concepts for rational selection and application of materials for Rollover Protective Structures (ROPS) and Falling Object Protective Structures (FOPS) and to provide information about the properties that should be considered in selecting and utilizing material in protective structures. While other materials could conceivably be used successfully, this report is limited to a consideration of steel with discussion on its mechanical properties and processing characteristics. Emphasis is placed on the toughness aspect (ability to resist brittle fracture) as this property is of paramount importance to structure integrity. It is emphasized that specific values for material properties have relevance to performance only in conjunction with specific design considerations such as structure size or weld joint detail and location. Because there are many design-material systems which can be successfully employed to achieve the prescribed
This SAE lab test procedure should be used when performing the following specialized weathering tests for wheels; Florida Exposure, QUV, Xenon and Carbon Weatherometer. In addition to these procedures, some additional post-weathering tests may be specified. Please refer to customer specifications for these requirements
This SAE Recommended Practice provides minimum performance target and uniform laboratory procedures for fatigue testing of wheels and demountable rims intended for normal highway use on trucks, buses, truck-trailers, and multipurpose vehicles. Users may establish design criteria exceeding the minimum performance target for added confidence in a design. The cycle target noted in Tables 1 and 2 are based on Weibull statistics using two parameter, median ranks, 50% confidence level and 90% reliability, and beta equal to two, typically noted as B10C50. For other wheels intended for normal highway use and temporary use on passenger cars, light trucks, and multipurpose vehicles, refer to SAE J328. For wheels used on trailers drawn by passenger cars, light trucks, or multipurpose vehicles, refer to SAE J1204. For bolt together military wheels, refer to SAE J1992. This document does not cover other special application wheels and rims
This recommended microscopic practice for evaluating the inclusion content in steel has been developed as a practical method of quantitatively determining the degree of cleanliness of steel. This method has been established as a reasonable control for steel mill operations and acceptance for production manufacturing. It has been widely accepted for carbon and alloy steel bars, billets, and slabs. Exceptions are resulfurized grades which are outside the limits of these photomicrographs and the high carbon bearing quality steels which are generally classified using ASTM E 45-60T, Method A, Jernkontoret Charts
Hardness testing with files consists essentially of cutting or abrading the surface of metal parts, and approximating the hardness by the feel, or extent to which, the file bites into the surface. The term "file hard" means that the surface hardness of the parts tested is such that a new file of proven hardness will not cut the surface of the material being tested
This SAE Standard covers general, dimensional data, and methods of test for two types of general purpose nut and conical spring washer assemblies, designated Type LN and Type HN, intended for mass production and other operations where speed and convenience are paramount factors
Included herein are general, dimensional, and performance specifications for those types, styles, and sizes of stamped nuts of one pitch thread design recognized as SAE standard. These nuts are intended for general use where the engagement of a single thread on the mating screw or unthreaded stud is considered adequate for the application. For the metric equivalent of this document, see SAE J1053M
Included herein are general, dimensional, and performance specifications for those types, styles, and sizes of stamped nuts of one pitch thread design recognized as SAE standard. These nuts are intended for general use where the engagement of a single thread on the mating screw or unthreaded stud is considered adequate for the application. For the inch equivalent of this document, see SAE J1053
This SAE Standard covers dimensional, material, and general specifications and methods of test for two types of general purpose conical spring washers, designated type L and type H, for use as loose washers over screws and bolts, and also for use as pre-assembled washers in screw and washer assemblies
This recommended practice contains dimensions and tolerances for outboard mounted brake drums and disc wheel hubs in the interface areas. This recommended practice is intended for outboard mounted brake drums and disc wheel hubs commonly used on class 7 and 8 commercial vehicles. Included are SAE J694 mounting systems II, III, IV, XIV, and X. Special and less common applications are not covered
This SAE lab recommended practice may be applied to corrosion test methods such as salt spray, filiform, Corrosion creep back, etc. This procedure is intended to permit corrosion testing to be assessed between Laboratories for correlation purposes
This SAE Recommended Practice provides minimum performance requirements and uniform procedures for fatigue testing of wheels intended for normal highway use and temporary use on passenger cars, light trucks, and multipurpose vehicles. For heavy truck wheels and wheels intended to be used as duals, refer to SAE J267. For wheels used on trailers drawn by passenger cars, light trucks, or multipurpose vehicles, refer to SAE J1204. These minimum performance requirements apply only to wheels made of materials included in Tables 1 to 4. The minimum cycles noted in Tables 1 through 4 are to be used on individual test and a sample of tests conducted, with Weibull Statistics using two parameter, median ranks, 50% confidence level, and 90% reliability, typically noted as B10C50
This SAE Recommended Practice provides uniform laboratory procedures for fatigue testing of wheels for demountable rims and hubs intended for normal highway use on trucks, buses, truck trailers, and multipurpose passenger vehicles. The hubs included have bolt circle diameters ranging from 165.1 to 335.0 mm (6.500 to 13.189 inches). It is up to each hub and/or wheel for demountable rims manufacturer to determine the appropriate test method, accelerated load factor and cycle life requirements applicable to obtain satisfactory service life for a given application. When deviations from the procedures recommended herein are made, it is the responsibility of the hub and/or wheel for demountable rims developer to modify other parameters as necessary to ensure satisfactory service life for the intended application. It should be noted that this test procedure focuses on fatigue resulting from vehicle loading and cornering forces. It does not consider loads imparted to the hub from braking
Included in this SAE Standard are the detailed general and dimensional specifications applicable to flanged 12-point screws recognized as SAE Standard and intended for general use in automotive and other ground-based vehicles and industrial equipment. The inclusion of dimensional data in this standard is not intended to imply that all of the products described are stock production sizes. Consumers should consult manufacturers concerning availability of product
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes uniform minimum labeling for disc wheels and demountable rims used in truck, bus, and trailer applications
A subcommittee within SAE ISTC Division 35 has written this report to provide automotive engineers and designers a basic understanding of the design considerations and high temperature material availability for exhaust manifold use. It is hoped that it will constitute a concise reference of the important characteristics of selected cast and wrought ferrous materials available for this application, as well as methods employed for manufacturing. The different types of manifolds used in current engine designs are discussed, along with their range of applicability. Finally, a general description of mechanical, chemical, and thermophysical properties of commonly-used alloys is provided, along with discussions on the importance of such properties
This recommended practice covers methods for measuring or evaluating five properties or characteristics of sintered carbide which contribute significantly to the performance of sintered carbide tools. These properties are: hardness, specific gravity, apparent porosity, structure, and grain size. They are covered under separate headings below
This glossary is intended to provide engineers, metallurgists, and production personnel with uniform definitions of commonly used carbon sheet and strip terms. The glossary serves to supplement information and photographs reported in SAE J810, J763, J877, J863, and J403. Many of the terms listed apply only to hot-dipped zinc-coated products or to uncoated products. The letter C following the term identifies a term applying to coated materials, while the letters NC identify a term applying to uncoated materials. Where no identification is provided, the term is common to both
Powder metal (P/M) parts are manufactured by pressing metal powders to the required shape in a precision die and sintering to produce metallurgical bonds between the particles, thus generating the appropriate mechanical properties. The shape and mechanical properties of the part may be subsequently modified by repressing or by conventional methods such. as machining and/or heat treating. While powder metallurgy embraces a number of fields wherein metal powders may be used as raw materials, this standard is concerned primarily with information relating to mechanical components and bearings produced from iron-base materials
This test procedure defines a laboratory procedure for generating and evaluating filiform corrosion on painted aluminum wheels and painted aluminum wheel trim. While this test was developed specifically for the testing of painted aluminum wheels and wheel trim it may be applicable to other components. The application owner will need to assess if this test generates filiform similar to that found in the relevant usage to ensure it will provide accurate data for the application
This SAE Information Report provides engineers and designers with: a Types of valve seat inserts and their nomenclature b Valve seat insert alloy designations and their chemistries c Valve seat insert alloy metallurgy d Typical mechanical and physical properties of insert alloys e Recommended interference fits f Installation procedures g Application considerations
This SAE Information Report relates to hot-rolled steel bar products. It is intended as a guideline to assist in the selection and specification of hot-rolled steel bar; however, it is not to be interpreted as a material specification in itself
This standard covers the identification, classification, and chemical composition of tool and die steels for use by engineers, metallurgists, tool designers, tool room supervisors, heat treaters, and tool makers
This SAE Information Report provides a uniform means of designating wrought steels during a period of usage prior to the time they meet the requirements for SAE standard steel designation. The numbers consist of the prefix PS1 followed by a sequential number starting with 1. A number once assigned is never assigned to any other composition. A PS number may be obtained for steel composition by submitting a written request to SAE Staff, indicating the chemical composition and other pertinent characteristics of the material. If the request is approved according to established procedures, SAE Staff will assign a PS number to the grade. This number will remain in effect until the grade meets the requirements for an SAE standard steel or the grade is discontinued according to established procedures. Table 1 is a listing of the chemical composition limits of potential standard steels which were considered active on the date of the last survey prior to the date of this report. These ladle
The purpose of this SAE Information Report is to provide basic information on penetrating radiation, as applied in the field of nondestructive testing, and to supply the user with sufficient information so that he may decide whether penetrating radiation methods apply to his particular inspection need. Detailed information references are listed in Section 2
This SAE Recommended Practice provides an orderly series for designating the thickness of unocated and coated hot-rolled and cold-rolled sheet and strip. This document also provides methods for specifying thickness tolerances
Common or obvious surface imperfections, which sometimes occur in sheet steel, are normally visible to the naked eye before or after fabrication. Illustrations and definitions of these imperfections are contained in this SAE Information Report. The identifying names are those commonly used throughout the steel industry. The imperfections identified include the major and most often encountered imperfections known to exist at this time. These imperfections are variable in appearance and severity. Extreme conditions have been selected in some instances in order to obtain suitable photographs. Photographs are courtesy of the American Iron and Steel Institute, Kaiser Aluminum, LTV Steel, National Steel, The Budd Company
These specifications cover the mechanical and chemical requirements, and surface discontinuities limits for carbon steel solid rivets used in automotive and other related industries
All carbon and alloy H-band steels are shown, along with their corresponding minimum and maximum hardenability limits, for which sufficient hardenability data have been established and for grades which use the standard end-quench test. As hardenability data are accumulated for other grades, this SAE Standard will be revised to include such grades
This Technical Information Report defines the proprietary diagnostic communication protocol for ABS or VSA ECU (Electronic Control Unit) implemented on some Honda vehicles. This protocol does not apply to all Honda vehicles. This document should be used in conjunction with SAE J2534-2 in order to fully implement the communication protocol in an enhanced SAE J2534 interface. The purpose of this document is to specify the requirements necessary to implement the communication protocol in an enhanced SAE J2534 interface
The SAE system of designating steels, described in SAE J402, classifies and numbers them according to chemical composition. In the case of the dent resistant, high strength and ultra high strength steels in SAE J2340, advanced high strength steels described in SAE J2745, and the high strength steels in SAE J1442 and the high-strength carbon and alloy die drawn steels in SAE J935, minimum mechanical property requirements have been included in the designations. In addition, hardenability data on most of the alloy steels and some of the carbon steels will be found in SAE J1268
This SAE Recommended Practice defines, illustrates, and specifies allowable limits for various types of surface discontinuities that may occur during the manufacture and processing of bolts, screws, and studs in sizes through 24 mm or 1 in diameter inclusive with lengths to 150 mm or 6 in inclusive, having specified minimum tensile strengths of 900 MPa or 120 000 psi and greater, which are primarily intended for use in automotive assemblies
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