Browse Topic: Reformulated diesel fuels

Items (22)

USE OF MACRO-EMULSION OF VEGETABLE OIL IN COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE

2004-28-004001/16/2004

Over the past several years, there has been increased interest in reformulated and alternative diesel fuel to control emissions and provide energy independence. As public concern about environmental pollution and energy security increases, alternative transportation fuels, such as compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas (LNG), and bio-fuels are receiving more and more attention. Oil seed plants have been one of the biomass sources of fuel. In this study, use of macro- emulsion of vegetable oil in compression ignition engine as an alternative diesel fuel is carried out. The emphasize in this study is on non- edible vegetable oil as they are not used in house hold purposes. The macro-emulsion of linseed oil and mahua oil with neat diesel and alcohol in varying proportion were prepared and their properties in view of their suitability as a diesel fuel were evaluated. Also their performance and emission characteristics were tested in the C.I. engine. It has been found that the

Kumar, Naveen, Khare, Umang

Emission Performance of Selected Biodiesel Fuels

2003-01-186605/19/2003

Because of the great interest in biodiesel fuels around the world, the International Energy Agency's Committee on Advanced Motor Fuels sponsored this project to determine emissions and performance of a number of biodiesel fuels with a special emphasis on unregulated emissions. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and Technical Research Centre in Finland (VTT) carried out the project with complementary work plans. Several different engines were used between the two sites, and in some cases emissions control catalysts were used, both at ORNL and at VTT. ORNL concentrated on light and medium duty engines, while VTT emphasized a heavy-duty engine and also used a light duty car as a test bed. Common fuels between the two sites for these tests were rape methyl ester in 30% blend and neat, soy methyl ester in 30% blend and neat, used vegetable oil methyl ester (UVOME) in 30% blend, and the Swedish environmental class 1 reformulated diesel (RFD). ORNL used ASTM 2D diesel as baseline, while VTT

McGill, Ralph, Storey, John, Wagner, Robert, Irick, David, Aakko, Päivi, Westerholm, Mårten, Nylund, Nils-Olof, Lappi, Maija

Effects of Fuel Properties on Exhaust Emissions from the Latest Light-Duty DI Diesel Engine

2003-01-188205/19/2003

The great reduction in future diesel engine emission limits, especially PM and NOx, forces one to develop means to comply with stringent legislation. Environmentally friendly fuels are regarded as a very effective means to decrease emissions. Although the emission reduction is less than could be achieved by the most modern engine technology or alternative fuels, the immediate net effect of reformulated diesel fuel on emissions is significant, as it takes place over the whole vehicle population. The experimental results presented in this paper were obtained within a research program investigating the effect of different fuels upon emissions from compression-ignition automotive engines. The research were carried out in the laboratories of the BOSMAL Automotive R & D Centre in co-operation to Institute of Internal Combustion Engines at Poznan University of Technology. The partial results of this research program were presented in SAE Paper 2002-01-2219. This paper presents the final

Bielaczyc, Piotr, Kozak, Miloslaw, Merkisz, Jerzy

Experimental Investigation on High-Quality Diesel Fuels Effects in a Light Duty CR Diesel Engine

2000-01-191106/19/2000

In this paper some preliminary results on the emission performance of a modern CR DI diesel engine running on reformulated diesel fuels are discussed. The engine employed in the tests was a Fiat M724 1910cc, installed on Alfa Romeo 156 1.9 JTD. Modern injection systems can modify the spray structure with respect to a spray of a classical rotary injection pump so the well-consolidated knowledge on the correlation between fuel parameters and pollutant emissions may not be valid for the new generation of DI diesel engines. Two high quality fossil fuels and a synthetic fuel were selected for the tests. Tests were directed to analyze the relative influence on exhaust emissions between injection parameters and fuel quality. One engine test point (2000 rpm × 2 bar of b.m.e.p.) was chosen, with different setting of injection pressure, EGR ratio and pilot injection activation. Moreover a comparison between the performance of the CR engine and a light duty DI engine equipped with a classical

Beatrice, C., Bertoli, C., Del Giacomo, N., Migliaccio, M.na.

Diesel Passenger Vehicles - Can They Meet Air Quality Needs and Climate Change Goals?

2000-01-159904/02/2000

A conversion to light-duty diesel vehicles is considered one pathway for reducing transportation greenhouse gas emissions in the United States. However, expanding diesel's market share could have significant public health consequences. This paper evaluates the environmental tradeoffs of diesel passenger vehicles, and suggests that a rapid conversion to light-duty diesel vehicles could yield carbon emission savings within the decade of up to 4 percent versus the base case. While significant reductions in criteria emissions appears technologically possible, it will likely require that diesels incorporate two exhaust control systems and utilize reformulated diesel fuel or alternative fuels. Finally, we suggest that diesel manufacturers must address other evolving public health concerns, including emissions of ultrafine particles and toxics, before expanding the market share of the diesel powerplant.

Morey, Candace J., Mark, Jason

Potentiality of Oxygenated Synthetic Fuel and Reformulated Fuel on Emissions from a Modern DI Diesel Engine

1999-01-359510/25/1999

This paper presents the performances of a modern DI diesel engine, equipped with a Common Rail injection system, fed on blends of an advanced diesel fuel (base fuel) and Diethylene-Glycol-Dimethyl-Ether (Diglyme - C6H14O3). The base fuel was a reformulated diesel fuel with low aromatic and sulfur content. Three blends with different volumetric percentage of Diglyme (10, 20 and 30%) in the base fuel were prepared and tested. The engine was a FIAT M724, installed in a Alfa Romeo 156 1.9 JTD, with a Bosch Common Rail injection system (EDC-15C). At the exhaust of the engine, soot, NOx, HC, CO, and CO2 were measured. The experiments represent the potential of diesel reformulation technology with synthetic fuels coupled with the new diesel technology generation.

Beatrice, C., Bertoli, C., Del Giacomo, N., Migliaccio, M.na.

A Comparison of Emissions from Clean Diesel Fuels

1999-01-112103/01/1999

Exhaust emissions from various kinds of clean diesel fuels were evaluated using a commercial DI diesel engine in comparison with the emissions from a commercial diesel fuel containing 0.05% sulfur. The blending of a light paraffinic fuel to a commercial diesel fuel reduces HC, CO, PM and NOx emissions and a light fuel with aromatics or kerosene reduces PM and NOx but not HC and CO. The PM and NOx emissions from the paraffinic fuel are lower than these from the kerosene, and these emissions are decreased with an increase in the blending ratio of both light fuels to a commercial diesel fuel. Reformulated diesel fuels such as a clean city diesel fuel and fuels with few aromatics reduce PM and NOx emissions more than commercial diesel fuel, and the reduction rate is highly dependent on aromatic content. The effects on emissions of blending soybean methyl ester or tripropylene glycol methyl ether to a commercial diesel fuel were evaluated. The results showed that the PM reduction rate

Uchida, Mitsuru, Akasaka, Yukio

Effects of Physical and Chemical Properties of Diesel Fuel on NOx Emissions of Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines

97299710/01/1997

In a diesel engine, both physical and chemical properties of the fuel affect exhaust emissions. This study focused on the separation of some physical and chemical effects of the fuel on the NOx emission. The tests were conducted with a bus engine using four diesel fuels with different density and aromatics levels. The measurements were performed using five injection timing settings to screen the effects of changes in actual injection timing. When conventional diesel fuel was replaced by reformulated diesel, NOx was reduced 7-13 %. Changes in the injection timing due to differences in the physical properties accounted only for a minor part (10-25 % relative) of the total reduction of NOx, whereas the greater part of the reduction (75-90 % relative) was due to other reasons, mainly fuel chemical properties.

Nylund, Nils-Olof, Aakko, Päivi, Mikkonen, Seppo, Niemi, Aapo

Reformulated Diesel Fuel - Four Years Experience in Finland

97163405/01/1997

Diesel fuel was reformulated by reducing sulfur to < 0.005 wt-%, aromatics to < 20 vol-% and by limiting heavy polyaromatics. This reduced NOx, particulate, PAH and mutagenic emissions plus exhaust odor. Oxidation catalysts operated well. Less deposits formed in the EGR system. Fuel lubricity was enhanced by additives evaluated by injection pump tests and HFRR. Three years of field testing with 140 buses showed no fuel related problems. Oil change period could be lengthened and fuel consumption was unchanged. Demand for reformulated fuel was triggered by differentiating taxation based on quality. Fuels have been used since 1993 without problems. Life cycle analysis showed no increase of CO2.

Mikkonen, Seppo, Kiiski, Ulla, Mäkelä, Martti, Niemi, Aapo, Niemi, Markku, Rantanen, Leena, Saikkonen, Pirjo

Lubricity of Reformulated Diesel Fuel - Experience in Finland

96194810/01/1996

Lubricity testing of reformulated diesel fuels (sulfur <0 005 w-%, aromatics <20 vol-%) was started in 1990. A 1000 hour in-house test rig with distributor pumps was used for testing fuels and additives. When lubricity is not adequate, excessive wear is seen in the pump. A field test on 140 buses each accumulating 150 000 - 250 000 km with reformulated diesel was carried out. Reformulated diesel has been on the market since 1993 without problems. Lubricity was evaluated with HFRR test and compared to the pump rig results. HFRR overestimated the need for lubricity additives. Fuel sulfur was found to be not the only indicator of lubricity and lubricity of low sulfur diesel was as good as high sulfur when other fuel parameters were kept constant.

Saikkonen, Pirjo, Mikkonen, Seppo, Makela, Martti, Niemi, Aapo

Effect of Reformulated Diesel Fuel on Unregulated Emissions of Light Duty Vehicles

96197010/01/1996

Unregulated emissions of reformulated diesel fuels (sulfur < 50 ppm, aromatics < 20 vol-%) were compared to the European EN590 specification fuel (sulfur < 500 ppm, aromatics < 35 vol-%) in three IDI passenger cars and one DI van using FTP and/or ECE/EUDC emission test procedures. The effect of reformulated diesel fuels on the mutagenicity of particulate soluble organic fraction (SOF) was studied. Fuel reformulation reduced particulate emissions in IDI cars. Reformulating fuel by decreasing heavier aromatics - without decreasing final boiling point - reduced particulate mutagenicity on emission basis. At low ambient temperature (-7°C) particulate PAH and mutagenic emissions increased compared to the standard ambient temperature (+22°C) with all fuels.

Rantanen, Leena, Juva, Ari, Niemi, Aapo, Mikkonen, Seppo, Aakko, Päivi, Lappi, Maija

Effect of Diesel Fuel Composition on Fork-Lift Truck Emissions

95236510/01/1995

Diesel fork-lifts are often preferred over LPG due to lower costs and superior fire safety in in-door use but exhaust causes problems. Air quality was measured with standard and reformulated diesel fuel in a warehouse where diesel fork-lifts operated. Sulphur was 605 ppm for the standard and 7 ppm for the reformulated fuel. Aromatics were respectively 31 vol-% and 12 vol-% and 95-% distillation points 352 °C and 286 °C. Fuel reformulation reduced particulates in the ware-house air by 40 %, particulate SOF by 50 % and mutagenicity of SOF by 80 %. NO, NO2, SO2 and PAH concentrations were low. Irritation and the possibility of long-term health problems reduced.

Mikkonen, Seppo, Rantanen, Leena, Alve, Veli-Matti, Nylung, Lars, Kociba, Pirkko, Korhonen, Kari, Lindroos, Lasse

Estimation of Diesel Fuel Effects Benefits on a Representative Engine of the Urban Transport Fleet in Venezuela

94240911/01/1994

Fuel reformulation represents a major approach to reduce emissions in the current fleet. In this work, a medium-duty engine was used to determine the potential benefits of using reformulated Diesel fuel with controlled composition. This particular engine technology is used approximately in more than 60% of the corresponding transport fleet. The fuel properties that received special attention were sulfur content (390 - 8670 ppm), aromatic content (9.8 - 32.6 wt %), cetane number (40 - 51.6) and distillation temperature for 90 % volume recovered T90 (307 - 350 °C). Testing was conducted on the engine installed on a test bench and operated on a 4-mode cycle with two speeds and medium to high load. Data was taken on each mode and statistical procedures for averaging, weighting and analyzing, were applied to study engine operation. Combustion performance was observed based on a heat release analysis, comparing burning rates and ignition delay. Exhaust emissions of HC, CO, NOx and specific

González, Manuel A., Leon, Aymara

DIESEL FUELS

J313_198906 (Historical)

06/01/1989

Fuels and Lubricants TC 7 Fuels Committee

DIESEL FUELS

J313_198706 (Historical)

06/01/1987

Fuels and Lubricants TC 7 Fuels Committee

DIESEL FUELS

J313_198606 (Historical)

06/01/1986

Fuels and Lubricants TC 7 Fuels Committee

DIESEL FUELS

J313_198406 (Historical)

06/01/1984

Fuels and Lubricants TC 7 Fuels Committee

DIESEL FUELS

J313_198204 (Historical)

04/01/1982

Fuels and Lubricants TC 7 Fuels Committee

DIESEL FUELS

J313_198006 (Historical)

06/01/1980

Fuels and Lubricants TC 7 Fuels Committee

DIESEL FUELS

J313C_197805 (Historical)

05/01/1978

Fuels and Lubricants TC 7 Fuels Committee

DIESEL FUELS

J313B_197609 (Historical)

09/01/1976

Fuels and Lubricants TC 7 Fuels Committee

Diesel Fuels

J313_195501 (Historical)

01/01/1955

Fuels and Lubricants TC 7 Fuels Committee

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