Fueling an Engine by Ultrasonic Atomization, and Its Control

This article presents work carried out on a small, 4-stroke, SI engine, incorporated with an ultrasonic atomizer-based fueling system. A disc-type ultrasonic atomizer having good atomization characteristics was incorporated in the air intake path of a single cylinder, two-wheeler engine, replacing the conventional carburetor. This new fueling system was introduced with the aim of reducing the engine fuel consumption, while looking for a possible reduction in exhaust emissions. An electronic control mechanism was devised to change the atomization rate, in order to set the desired equivalence ratio for optimum engine operation. Test results indicate a significant improvement in fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency, with a good control over the equivalence ratio. The system also allows engine operation at equivalence ratios as low as 0.5, and hence could be adopted for ultra-lean engines. This atomizer fueling system allows the use of closed loop lambda control which is required for meeting stringent automotive emission norms.