Development and Experimental Study of Vehicle Control System for Pure Electric Construction Machinery

This article develops a comprehensive vehicle control system for pure electric wheel loaders, covering the entire development process. Based on a dual-motor and two-speed transmission configuration, the collaborative design of the hardware and software for the vehicle control unit (VCU) was completed. Vehicle control strategies were developed, including motor demand torque calculation, an overspeed protection algorithm, a gear shift control algorithm, an energy recovery strategy integrating coasting and braking, and control methods for the working system. Finally, the control strategies were verified and optimized through real vehicle tests. Experimental results indicate that the developed pure electric loader exhibits excellent performance. Compared with a diesel counterpart of the same tonnage, its maximum speed is increased by 19.4%, operational productivity (V-cycle loading cycles per hour) is improved by 8.7%, while the operating cost is only 35% of that of the diesel model. This study provides a solution validated by real vehicle tests for the development of vehicle control systems for pure electric construction machinery.