Cavitation Phenomenon and Spray Atomization in Different Types of Diesel Engine Nozzles: A Systematic Review

The high-pressure common rail fuel injection system for diesel engines is one of the core technologies that need to be addressed in the automobile industry. The control of the internal flow in multi-hole injector nozzles is the key to achieve accurate control of the fuel injection and spray process. There are various types of research on cavitation phenomena currently conducted on various types of test benches, but there is no conclusive discussion. Therefore, it is to summarize these studies in order to identify the highlights of existing studies and point out their shortcomings. This article compares and analyzes the developing patterns of cavitation phenomena on four test benches through literature review and has obtained rich research data on these four types of nozzles, but they still have their own shortcomings at the same time, even with numerical simulation. Based on this, the article has conducted a detailed and critical discussion on the current research situation and completed a summary. Specifically, it mainly involves four geometry parameters, two dynamic factors, and three fuel physical property parameters. The discussion conducted can contribute to the future development of cavitation models, further improving the energy-saving and -reducing emission reduction of diesel engines.