For the sustainable development of human society, energy saving, emission
reduction, and carbon reduction are urgent challenges to be addressed in the
energy industry. As a power device for energy conversion in the transportation
sector, the internal combustion engine also needs to enhance its thermal
efficiency while cutting pollutant emissions. To meet the current stringent
requirements, lean combustion has been widely studied as an effective strategy.
However, the ignition difficulty resulting from lean burn needs to be addressed.
As a high-energy ignition system, the prechamber turbulent jet ignition can
accelerate in-cylinder combustion, thereby enhancing engine efficiency and
reducing emissions. Thus, it is considered a promising technology. This review
reveals efforts to apply prechamber ignition systems to optimize combustion in
the engine characterized by low-carbon fuels and low-emission features. First,
this article briefly introduces the evolution of the prechamber turbulent jet
ignition technology. Second, the ignition mechanism, the influence of fuel in
the prechamber and structure of prechamber on the combustion performance of the
spark ignition engine are emphatically introduced. The structural parameters
like nozzle diameter, nozzle orientation, nozzle number, and prechamber volume
have a significant effect on the in-cylinder combustion. This review summarizes
the research achievements regarding the structural parameters. Finally, this
study demonstrates the performance improvement of engines equipped with
turbulent jet ignition technology.
