Technical Papers - SAE Mobilus

SAE Technical Papers are written and peer-reviewed by experts in the automotive, aerospace, and commercial vehicle industries and provide the latest advances in technical research and applied technical engineering information.

Items (118,596)

Design and Development of Wave Spring to Eliminate the Synchronizer Ring Rattle In An Automotive Gearbox

2025-28-0100To be published on 02/07/2025

Automotive powertrains are being refined to give good comfort to the occupants. With the refinement of the internal combustion engine, the NVH is improved, and other vehicle noises are surfacing into the vehicle cabin. One such noise is the synchronizer ring rattle noise from the gearbox. In the gearbox, the synchronizers are assembled freely between the gear and the hub. The manufacturing variations in the gearbox shafts, bearing, and housing bore cause misalignment to the synchronizer ring assembly. This excites the synchronizer rings to rattle. The rattle noise increases when the synchronizer ring is positioned between two different shafts. This rattling reduces the life of the synchronizer. And the rattling noise causes discomfort to the occupants. This research work discusses the different dampening strategies for the synchronizer ring rattle. Between the input and output shaft, higher rattle reduction can be achieved with the wave spring. However, the wave spring changes the

K, Barathi Raja, Senthil Raja, T, Kumar, Aneesh, R, Manikandan, Ostwal, Amit

Analysis and Refinement of Road Boom Noise in Electric Vehicles

2025-28-0057To be published on 02/07/2025

Nowadays, customers are expecting higher level of refinement in electric vehicle. Since the background noise is less in electric vehicle in comparison with ICE, it is challenging for NVH engineers to address even minor noise concerns without cost and mass addition. Higher boom noise is perceived in the test vehicle when driven on the coarse road at the speed of 50 kmph. The test vehicle is rear wheel driven vehicle powered by electric motor.. Multi reference Transfer Path Analysis(TPA) is conducted on the vehicle to identify the path through which maximum forces are entering the body. Based on the findings from TPA, solutions like reduction in the dynamic stiffness of the suspension bushes are explored which resulted in reduction of noise. To reduce the noise further, Operational deflection shape (ODS) analysis is conducted on the entire vehicle to identify the deflection shapes of all the suspension components and all the body panels like floor, roof, tailgate, dash panel, quarter

S, Nataraja Moorthy, Rao, Manchi Venkateswara, Raghavendran, Prasath, Selvam, Ebinezer

NVH Optimization of Mounts for Reduction of Structure borne motor and road noise in Electric vehicle

2025-28-0072To be published on 02/07/2025

Due to stringent emission norms, all OEMs are shifting focus from Internal combustion engine(ICE) to Electric vehicle (EV). NVH refinement of EVs are challenging due to less background noise in EVs in comparison with ICE vehicle. Motor whine noise is perceived in cabin when driven at the speed of 20 kmph. Vehicle is powered by electric powertrain(EPT). Electric powertrain is connected to the subframe with the help of three powertrain mount. Subframe is connected to the body with the help of four mounts. With the help of Transfer Path Analysis (TPA), it is identified that the noise is structure borne and the dominant path is identified. By optimizing the dynamic stiffness of the EPT mount and subframe mount, the structure borne noise levels are reduced. But reducing the dynamic stiffness of EPT mount and subframe mount deteriorated the road noise levels. The reason behind deterioration of road noise is investigated. The performance of double isolation of EPT is compared with single

S, Nataraja Moorthy, Rao, Manchi Venkateswara, Raghavendran, Prasath, Selvam, Ebinezer

Impact of Hydrogen Enrichment on Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a Compression Ignition Engine Operated in Dual Fuel Mode with Karanja Oil Methyl Ester-Tire Pyrolysis Oil Blend

2025-28-0109To be published on 02/07/2025

The growing demand for fossil fuels and the search for alternatives have the potential to reduce emissions and enhance energy security. Karanja oil and tire pyrolysis oil (TPO) are identified as promising substitutes. This study examines the performance and emission characteristics of a 5.2 kW, 1500 rpm, four-stroke single-cylinder compression ignition engine. The engine was tested using diesel, the optimal combination of karanja oil biodiesel (KOME) and TPO (50:50% volume ratio), and this KOME-TPO blend with hydrogen supplied in dual fuel mode at flow rates of 10 lpm, 20 lpm, and 30 lpm, designated as H10, H20, and H30, respectively. The results indicated that BTE for H30 was the highest, reaching 32.21% compared to 30.52% for diesel at 5.2 kW BP. BSEC for H30 was the lowest at 11.18 MJ/kWh, compared to 11.80 MJ/kWh for diesel at the same BP. Emission analysis showed that smoke and HC emissions were significantly lower for hydrogen-enriched blends. At 5.2 kW BP, HC emissions for H30

Duraisamy, Boopathi, Stanley Martin, Jerome, Rajendran, Silambarasan, Madheswaran, Dinesh Kumar, Chelladorai, Prabhu

Powering Precision: Ensemble Learning for Superior Battery Health Estimation

2025-28-0204To be published on 02/07/2025

In recent years, there has been a notable shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources due to energy challenges and the scarcity of oil resources. This transition has significantly increased the adoption of battery-powered electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), replacing traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. A crucial element of EVs and HEVs is the Battery Management System (BMS), which is essential for ensuring the battery pack operates safely, reliably, and efficiently. As batteries experience numerous charge and discharge cycles, their performance inevitably degrades, which can lead to failure and potentially catastrophic outcomes if the battery unexpectedly reaches the end of its life. This paper presents an innovative machine learning-based method to estimate battery health and mitigate related risks on real time battery data. The study employs proprietary data collected from Nickel Cobalt Aluminum (NCA) chemistry cells under dynamic

Joshi, Umita, Mandhana, Abhishek

Investigating Mechanical Properties of Jute Fiber and Alumina-Reinforced Epoxy Composites: Application of Taguchi and Grey Analysis for Automotive Components

2025-28-0113To be published on 02/07/2025

Natural fiber composites hold significant promise for a range of engineering applications due to their exceptional characteristics, which include substantial weight reduction, high strength, and cost-effectiveness. These materials are also biodegradable and renewable, adding to their appeal in sustainable engineering practices. This research focuses on evaluating the mechanical properties of jute fiber and AlO3-reinforced polymer composites, exploring their potential for advanced engineering uses. The study employs the Taguchi method with an L9 orthogonal array, incorporating three levels and three factors to systematically explore various combinations of process variables in the fabrication of these polymer composites. The primary goal is to optimize the mechanical properties of the composites, including tensile modulus, tensile stress, and weight percentage increase. Detailed investigations are conducted to understand the effects of these process variables on performance metrics. The

SOMSOLE, LAKSHMI NARAYANA, Natarajan, Manikandan, Pasupuleti, Thejasree, Katta, Lakshmi Narasimhamu, VIVEKANANDA, SOMA

FPGA Implementation of HLS crypto accelerators for embedded security in autonomous vehicles

2025-28-0205To be published on 02/07/2025

The growing ubiquity of autonomous vehicles (AVs) has introduced a new attack surface for malicious actors: the embedded systems that govern a vehicle's critical operations. Security breaches in these systems could have catastrophic consequences, potentially leading to loss of control, manipulation of sensor data, or even physical harm. To mitigate these risks, robust cybersecurity measures are paramount. This research delves into a specific threat – side-channel attacks – where attackers exploit data leakage through unintentional physical emanations, like power consumption or electromagnetic waves, to steal cryptographic keys or sensitive information. While various software and hardware countermeasures have been proposed, this study focuses on the implementation of masking techniques within the realm of embedded security. Masking techniques aim to obfuscate sensitive data during cryptographic operations, making it significantly harder for attackers to exploit side-channel

Deepan Kumar, Sadhasivam, R, Vishnu Ramesh Kumar, M, Boopathi, Manojkumar, R, R, Gobinath, M, Vignesh

Enhancing Solar Still Productivity with Aluminium Oxide Nanoparticles and Phase Change Materials

2025-28-0026To be published on 02/07/2025

The present study is focused on the integration of phase change materials (PCMs) and Al2O3 nanoparticles into solar stills presents a promising approach to enhance their efficiency. This paper explores the design and performance analysis of a solar still system incorporating PCMs and Al2O3 nanoparticles with different concentration like 200ppm and 400ppm. The primary goal is to investigate the impact of these enhancements on the solar still's productivity and thermal efficiency.The Aluminium Oxide Nanoparticle were synthesized by Sol-Gel method. The Aluminium Oxide particles were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, and FTIR etc. In this experiment TN+30 was used as phase change materials and Aluminium Oxide Nanoparticles used for energy storage materials. The water is taken about 15(ltrs) and the optimal depth of water found to be 1cm. The energy materials TN+30 along with Al2O3 shown improvement in collection efficiency with 200ppm and 400ppm was 21.65% and 32.97% when compared with PCM

R L, Krupakaran, PETLA, RATNA KAMALA, Anchupogu, Praveen, Tharehallimata, Gurubasavaraju, Kala, Lakshmi K

Effect of Hardening and Tempering Temperatures on the Mechanical Behavior of Alloy Steel

2025-28-0027To be published on 02/07/2025

Alloy steel possesses high strength, hardenability, fatigue strength, and good impact toughness. It is widely used for making various machine parts, automobile components, shafts, gears, connecting rods, and more. Hardening and tempering develop the optimum combination of hardness, strength, and toughness in engineering steel, thereby providing components with high mechanical properties. Hardening and tempering temperatures are crucial factors that affect the mechanical and metallurgical properties of 42Cr4Mo steel. In this research work, 42Cr4Mo alloy steel samples were subjected to hardening and tempering processes. The hardening temperatures were set at 830°C, 850°C, and 870°C, while the tempering temperatures were maintained at 590°C and 650°C. The test results show that hardening at 830°C and tempering at 590°C achieve high strength, which decreases as the temperature increases. Different hardening temperatures and constant tempering temperatures will be optimized to achieve the

Murugesan, Venkatasudhahar, Ganesan, Dharmalingam, Tarigonda, Hariprasad

Synthesis and characterisation of poly (aniline –co-chloroaniline) polymers and applications in automotive industries as paint coatings

2025-28-0037To be published on 02/07/2025

Polyaniline (PANI)-polymer based paints have emerged as a promising solution for enhancing the durability and performance of automobile surface coatings. These paint coatings offer superior corrosion resistance, conductivity, and environmental stability, making it an ideal. Here novel copolymers of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid aided poly (aniline-co-m-chloroaniline) nanocomposites of various compositions were prepared by oxidative method in micellar solution. The nanocomposites were analyzed by using UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopic methods. The crystalline nature of the polymer was evidenced through XRD patterns. SEM revealed the presence of particles with spherical morphology 100 nm in diameter. The electrical activity of the doped polymer was found to be content increasing from 3:1 to 3:3 x 10-2 S/cm to 5.64 x 10-7 S/cm with chloroaniline. These copolymers are added as additives in manufacturing of paint. These novel paints offer multiple protective mechanisms, including barrier

Pachanoor, Vijayanand, MOORTHI, BHARATHIRAJA

Structural Analysis of Two-Wheeler Handlebars under Varied Loads

2025-28-0053To be published on 02/07/2025

This study presents a comprehensive structural analysis of a two-wheeler handlebar subjected to various loading conditions, aiming to evaluate its strength, durability, and safety. During operation, two-wheelers encounter multiple forces, making the handlebar a critical component for rider control and safety. The analysis begins by investigating the different types of loads experienced during typical riding scenarios, including static loads when the bike is stationary, and dynamic loads arising from rider movements, braking, and handling. The primary objective is to understand how these loads impact the handlebar's structural integrity. To achieve this, critical load cases are identified and categorized. Braking loads, which apply force primarily in the forward direction due to deceleration, are examined. Manhandling loads are analyzed to understand the multidirectional forces acting on the handlebar during transportation and parking. Additionally, vertical loads are assessed

Prajapati, Akash, Rathore, Avijit Singh, Bhaskara Rao, Lokavarapu

Study the Effect of Fasteners Coating Materials to Resolve the Leakage Issue in Steering Gear Assembly

2025-28-0128To be published on 02/07/2025

Abstract: In commercial vehicle industry, Hydraulic Power Assisted Steering (HPAS) gear plays a vital role to utilize the hydraulic force by amplifying the mechanical input. HPAS gear consists of housing, sector shaft, side cover, worm shaft, valve housing and rack piston. Side cover assembly is connected with housing assembly through bolts which is in exposure to high pressure hydraulic fluid. During high pressure running condition, torque relaxation in the bolt is observed which leads to the loosening of bolts and tends to hydraulic fluid leakage through bolts. Since, some of the bolts are exposed to the fluid environment in the inner surface of the housing, the existing phosphate coated bolts are relaxed and loosened due to the bolts that exposed to the oil environment which have insufficient coefficient of friction in bolt head and thread. To overcome the bolt failure during high pressure hydraulic application various bolt coating analysis is experimented to withstand the

Ayyappan, Rakshna, Govindarasu, Anbarasu, D, Senthil kumar, P, Rajasekar

Investigation on Heat Transfer Properties of Graphene Nanoplatelets Blended Distilled Water-Ethylene Glycol Mixtures in Battery thermal management system

2025-28-0089To be published on 02/07/2025

In this investigation, the performance of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) during heat transmission has been examined. Compared to other nanoparticles, carbon nanostructures exhibit higher thermal conductivity due to their low density and integrated thermal conductivity. The experimental findings are relevant in that compared with the base fluid, nanofluid samples had heat transfer capability. The physicochemical characteristics of investigated GNP were characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and UV–Vis spectrophotometry. The thermal conductivity and physical properties in the base fluid of Distilled water- ethylene glycol (70:30) and 100 % vol. of glycol with 120 minutes of sonication time, based on graphene nanofluids were measured. Nanofluid concentrations of 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1 wt% were obtained for graphene nanoplatelets in a specific surface area of 500 m2/g. After investigating dispersion properties, the stability of

S, Palanisamy, Selvan, Arul Mozhi

Performance Analysis on Effect of Cavity on Supercritical Airfoil SC (02)- 0414 Variable Thickness

2025-28-0075To be published on 02/07/2025

This paper explores the numerical analysis on supercritical airfoil NACA SC (02)0414 tested at high subsonic regime to determine the optimized aerodynamic characteristics respectively. To better understand the airfoil performance, the passive flow control technique using circular cavity is introduced on the suction surface extensively. This research work presents simulation analysis on dynamically modified supercritical airfoil upper surfaces having circular cavities at leading edge. Inorder to explore the aerodynamic effects ANSYS FLUENT software widely used for compressible flow Mach number 0.8-0.9 respectively. Further, dynamic modification carried out on baseline airfoil with 15% reduction in its thickness. In the present study, simulation was executed in Ansys Fluent, using the SST K-ω turbulence model to predict the critical flow properties of the base profile and for suction surface of 15% reduced thickness at M = 0.89 for wide angle of attack ranges from -5° to 15° . Structured

PUSHPARAJ, CATHERINE VICTORIA, K S, Krishna Teja, N V, Guna Sindhu, Ganesan, Balaji, Raja, Vijayanandh, GANESAN, SANTHOSH, B, Anbarasu, S, Lokesh

CFD Analysis On the Effect Of Circular Cavity at Different Location of Airfoil Surface

2025-28-0074To be published on 02/07/2025

The paper presents the effect of cavity at different position of the airfoil on lift coefficient, drag coefficient and lift to drag ratio respectively. Here the analysis performed on SC (2) 0414 3D airfoil by using commercial CFD ANSYS FLUENT. The passive control method is applied by modifying the baseline airfoil surface coordinates to ascertain the aerodynamic behavior of the cavity at 40 %, 50% and 60 % of the chord length successfully where spalart turbulence model technique is chosen to solve boundary layer problems on adverse pressure gradient and tested at extended range of angle of attack -150 to 180. A structured meshing method was used. RANS, Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes, was the solver used for the unsteady simulations. At Reynolds numbers (Re) of 10× 104 , the coefficients of lift, drag, pressure were observed. The study highlights the aerodynamic characteristics and stall effects at desired angle of attack. It is observed that the cavity at 40 % of the chord length

PUSHPARAJ, CATHERINE VICTORIA, P, Booma Devi, D, Piriadarshani, Ganesan, Balaji, GANESAN, SANTHOSH, Raja, Vijayanandh

Combustion and Emission Analysis of Pelletized vs. Raw Biomass Fuels

2025-28-0035To be published on 02/07/2025

Biomass fuels, such as sawdust and groundnut shells, are increasingly recognized as sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. However, their high moisture content and loose structure result in low thermal efficiency. To improve performance, pellet forms of these fuels are often used. Naturally available raw and pellet forms of Sawdust, groundnut shell fuels have been utilized in this study. This study evaluates and compares the thermal efficiency of a gasifier cook stove and emissions from the combustion of raw and pellet forms of biomass fuels. It was found that the burning rate and firepower increase significantly with the use of pellet from of fuels. Sawdust pellets exhibited a highest thermal efficiency of 22.41%. The hydrocarbon (HC) levels for groundnut shell pellets were observed to range between 1 and 5 parts per million (ppm), while for sawdust pellets, it was observed to range from 1 to 6 ppm, indicating the preferable usage of pellets as fuel over raw form of biomass fuel

Prasad, Malladi Jogendra, Vangipurapu, Bapi Raju

Investigating the Influence of Fiber Orientation on Frequency Response of Laminated Composite Plates using Taguchi Method

2025-28-0183To be published on 02/07/2025

This study investigates the frequency response characteristics of laminated composite rectangular plates, focusing on the influence of fiber orientation. The composite plates, composed of 12 layers of glass fiber reinforced polymer composites (GFRP), were chosen for their superior mechanical properties and broad applicability in engineering fields, including the automotive sector. In automotive engineering, these composites are valued for their lightweight properties and high strength, contributing to enhanced performance and fuel efficiency. The analysis employed a combination of finite element methods and Taguchi experimental design techniques to understand how fiber orientation affects the dynamic behavior of these plates. Finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted using ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL), a computational tool known for handling complex geometries and material behaviors accurately. This software enabled precise simulations of the dynamic responses of the

N, Suhas, C V, Prasshanth, U, Anish Kumar, Bhaskara Rao, Lokavarapu

Lightweight Material Selection for Heavy Payload Multi-Rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Alloys, Composites, and Hybrid Composites: An Investigation into Different Loading Conditions Based on Maneuvering

2025-28-0176To be published on 02/07/2025

The primary aim of the work is to identify a suitable hybrid composite material for heavy payload multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) by conducting fluid-structure-interaction (FSI) experiments on the airframe. The UAV's airframe has an estimated payload lifting capacity of 25 kg. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the structural integrity of the strength parameters for tensile and compressive loads under various operating situations. Instead of conventional computational models, this work imposed a unique computational composite molding prepared through ANSYS ACP tool. Additionally, the various composite computational models have been specifically developed in the ANSYS ACP tool to evaluate the airframe's capacity to endure different composite materials, alloys, and hybrid materials. This study thoroughly investigates the computational analysis of more than 20 materials, encompassing both individual materials and hybrid systems. This study primarily examines hybrid

Veeraperumal Senthil Nathan, Janani Priyadharshin, Baskar, Sundhar, Vinayagam, Gopinath, Gnanasekaran, Raj Kumar, Sakthivel, Pradesh, Ganesan, Balaji, Stanislaus Arputharaj, Beena, L, Natrayan, Raja, Vijayanandh

OPTIMIZED DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A HIGH-PERFORMANCE, TRACK-FOCUSED QUAD BIKE FOR THE INDIAN MARKET

2025-28-0061To be published on 02/07/2025

A comprehensive approach to the optimized design and analysis of a track-focused quad bike specifically tailored for the Indian market. The design process integrates multiple critical factors, including driver ergonomics, aesthetics, and strategic component placement, to establish the optimal vehicle dimensions. The primary objective is to ensure comfort, functionality, and visual appeal while addressing the unique demands of the Indian terrain and user preferences. A meticulous selection process for tires and suspension geometry is conducted using the advanced Optimum Kinematics software. This optimization ensures that the vehicle can adeptly handle a variety of road conditions, providing superior performance and stability. The vehicle’s core structure features a space frame chassis, engineered to minimize tubing and facilitate ease of fabrication, contributing to both weight reduction and structural integrity. A robust 600cc 4-cylinder engine is selected, emphasizing an optimal power

Thanikonda, Praveen Kumar, Shaik, Amjad, Tappa, Raju, Ratlavath, Ramu, Navar, Adarsh, challa, Ajith Kumar

Innovative Design and Comprehensive Aerodynamic Performance Investigations on Various Possible Propeller Positions of an Advanced Hexacopter for Easy Manoeuvring

2025-28-0182To be published on 02/07/2025

This work deals with the computational investigations of the component performances of advanced hexacopters under various manoeuvrings of the focused mission profiles. The Advanced Hexacopter is one kind of multirotor vehicle that contains more propellers and flexible arms, which makes this multirotor very manoeuvrable and aerodynamically efficient. This hexacopter was designed specifically to detect leakages and the presence of harmful gases in and around nuclear power plants, along with enhanced payload-carrying capability. This advanced hexacopter contains a frame composed of modified arms equipped with coaxial rotors, which servo motors control. By providing specific and simple inputs to the microcontroller, the hexacopter can autonomously undergo forward and backward manoeuvrings. The primary objective of this study is to analyse and compare different propeller configurations that improve the manoeuvring capability of this unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), specifically emphasizing

ELANGOVAN, LOGESH, NARAYANAN, SIDHARTH, Arumugam, Lokesh, Sourirajan, Laxana, Raja, Vijayanandh, Kulandaiyappan, Naveen Kumar, Raji, Arul Prakash, Madasamy, Senthil Kumar, Gnanasekaran, Raj Kumar

Method Development for Virtual Validation of Tractor Three-Point Linkage for customer practices in Haulage application

2025-28-0069To be published on 02/07/2025

This paper discusses the design and analysis of the Three-point linkage of an agricultural tractor for uncommon abusive usage practices during haulage applications. Some operators use the Three-point linkage for additional traction to navigate gradient surfaces, which requires additional wheel torque to overcome road slope when the trailer is attached. These maneuvers induce higher loads on Three-point linkage components, such as the lower link, lift rod, and powertrain components, which may lead to structural failures. A virtual simulation and lab-level test methodology need to be established to simulate the usage pattern upfront and predict potential failures. Multi-body dynamics (MBD) simulation was deployed to simulate the physics and extract realistic loads for Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) analysis. Data acquisition was carried out to record the strain levels during the uncommon haulage usage practices, which will be used for further studies. CAE analysis has been carried out

Kumar, Yuvaraj, Perumal, Solairaj, V, ASHOK KUMAR, Savsani, Smitkumar, Subbaiyan, Prasanna Balaji, Bhandwalkar, Anand, V V H KRISHNA PRASAD, TADIKAMALLA

Design and Computational analysis of an Advanced Flying Wing UAV with Triple Cupped Wing Profile for Enhanced Manoeuvrability and High-Speed Applications

2025-28-0060To be published on 02/07/2025

The primary aim of this research is to develop and analyze a sophisticated model of a Flying-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (FWUAV) that exhibits improved flying capabilities and advanced maneuvering techniques. The FWUAV is capable of functioning in both subsonic and supersonic conditions, and its physical structure is specifically engineered to withstand high-velocity scenarios. Although existing FWUAVs currently operate at moderate speeds, the proposed model is well-suited for a range of high-speed applications. The wing of the FWUAV is designed to mimic the wings of a Peregrine falcon. It features sharp, pointed edges at the front, as well as a slender body and curved wings. These design elements enhance maneuverability and reduce drag on the surface of the model during both forward flight and vertical take-off and landing, regardless of external conditions. The UAV's construction features a unique cupped wing profile, like a three-pointed beak, which enables excellent gliding flight

Veeraperumal Senthil Nathan, Janani Priyadharshin, Pisharam, Akhila Ajith, Sourirajan, Laxana, Baskar, Sundhar, Vinayagam, Gopinath, Stanislaus Arputharaj, Beena, L, Natrayan, Sakthivel, Pradesh, Raja, Vijayanandh

Performance and Emission Analysis of a CI Engine Using Various Blends of Diesel and Prosopis Juliflora Seed Oil-Derived Biodiesel

2025-28-0129To be published on 02/07/2025

The rising demand for fossil fuels and the exploration of renewable energy sources from plants have gained significant attention due to their role in reducing emissions and enhancing energy security. Prosopis juliflora, abundantly available in India, offers a viable source for biodiesel production. This study investigates the performance and emission characteristics of a 5.2 kW, 1500 rpm, four-stroke single-cylinder compression ignition (CI) engine using blends of diesel, vegetable oil, and biodiesel derived from Prosopis juliflora seeds. The engine was tested with pure diesel, vegetable oil (PJO), biodiesel (B100), and biodiesel-diesel blends at 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% by volume, designated as B20, B40, B60, and B80, respectively. Key performance metrics, including brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific energy consumption (BSEC), were measured, along with emissions such as carbon monoxide (CO), smoke, hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Results indicated that BTE

Duraisamy, Boopathi, Stanley Martin, Jerome, Rajendran, Silambarasan, John, Godwin, D, Prakash

Optimization of Vibrational characteristics Using Taguchi Method for CNT Reinforced Composite Plates

2025-28-0174To be published on 02/07/2025

The integration of carbon nanotubes (CNT) into composite materials has revolutionized various high-performance industries, including aerospace, marine, and defence, due to their exceptional mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. The critical nature of these applications demands precise control over the manufacturing process to ensure the optimal performance of the CNT-reinforced composites. This study employs the Taguchi approach to systematically investigate and determine the optimal proportion of CNT volume fraction, fiber volume fraction, and stacking sequence in composite materials to achieve the optimal fundamental frequency. The Taguchi method, known for its efficiency in optimizing design parameters with a minimal number of experiments, enables the identification of the most influential factors and their optimal levels for enhancing material properties. Our findings demonstrate that the proper arrangement and proportioning of these components significantly improve the

B, Srivatsan, Balakrishna Sriganth, Pranav, Bhaskara Rao, Lokavarapu, Biswas, Sayan

CogniGuardianRoadscape: Advancing Safety through AI-Driven Roadway Audits

2025-28-0019To be published on 02/07/2025

The escalation of road infrastructure anomalies, such as speed breakers and potholes, presents a formidable challenge to vehicular safety, efficient traffic management, and road maintenance strategies worldwide. In addressing these pervasive issues, this paper proposes an advanced, integrated approach for the detection and classification of speed breakers and potholes. Utilizing a sophisticated blend of deep learning methodologies and enhanced image processing techniques, our solution leverages Object Detection to analyze and interpret real-time visual data captured through advanced vehicle-mounted camera systems. This research meticulously details the comprehensive process involved in the development of this system, including the acquisition and preprocessing of a vast, varied dataset representative of numerous road types, conditions, and environmental factors. Through rigorous training, testing, and validation phases, the model demonstrates remarkable proficiency in recognizing and

Thangaraju, Shanmuganathan, Raja, Selvakumar, Nagarajan, Meenakshi

Design and Computational Investigations on the Performance attainment and Structural Integrity of Advanced Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines for Unmanned Marine Vehicles

2025-28-0188To be published on 02/07/2025

The integration of advanced Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTs) into Unmanned Marine Vehicles (UMVs) significantly enhances their operational efficiency by providing power source. These vehicles, designed for diverse applications, require efficient power systems to operate autonomously over extended periods. The major disadvantages are limited battery life and energy storage capabilities restrict their operational range and endurance of the UMVs. Utilizing HAWTs in UMVs provide a renewable energy source, reducing operational costs. This continuous power supply enhances mission capabilities and promote energy independence, making them ideal for long-term missions. Ansys Composite PrepPost (ACP) is employed for the pre-processing of HAWT blades, enabling the layering of different composites. The layering of various materials can significantly increase the strength and durability of the HAWT blades. These composites provide superior resistance to fatigue and environmental degradation

Gunasekaran, Durga Devi, KANNAN, HARIDHARAN, Sourirajan, Laxana, Vinayagam, Gopinath, Gnanasekaran, Raj Kumar, Kulandaiyappan, Naveen Kumar, Stanislaus Arputharaj, Beena, L, Natrayan, Raja, Vijayanandh

Enhancing O-Ring Performance Prediction Using Machine Learning

2025-28-0161To be published on 02/07/2025

O-rings are essential sealants in engineering applications, ensuring leak-tight seals, and preventing fluid leakage. Specifically, in Fuel Cells, they play a crucial role in maintaining system integrity by preventing working fluid leakages. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is commonly employed for virtual assessments of sealant assemblies. By simulating the behavior of O-rings under various conditions, engineers can evaluate their performance. However, the traditional approach of varying individual input parameters to understand their impact on performance is time-consuming and extensive. To address this challenge, machine learning (ML) algorithms offer an efficient alternative to repetitive traditional FEA. By leveraging ML models, engineers can predict output parameters more effectively, streamlining the analysis process and enhancing accuracy. Despite the benefits of ML, different predictive models exhibit varying prediction performance, leading to inconsistency. Therefore, it is

MALLU, Venkata Reddy, Penumatsa, Venkata Ramana Raju, Chirravuri, Bhaskara, Duddu, Varaprasad, Miller, Ronald, Sahu, Abhishek

Enhancing Disc Brake Performance: Investigating Squeal Noise, Wear, and the Application of Functionally Graded Materials in Brake Rotors

2025-28-0162To be published on 02/07/2025

Disc brakes play a vital role in contemporary automotive braking systems, offering a dependable and effective means of decelerating or halting a vehicle. The disc brake assembly functions by converting the vehicle's kinetic energy into thermal energy through friction. Two key factors that greatly influence the brake assembly's performance and user experience are squeal noise and wear performance. This paper delves into the fundamental mechanisms behind squeal noise and assesses the wear performance of the disc brake assembly. Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are an innovative type of composite material, characterized by gradual variations in composition and structure throughout their volume, leading to changes in properties such as mechanical strength, thermal conductivity, and corrosion resistance. FGMs have emerged as a groundbreaking solution in the design and manufacturing of brake rotors, addressing significant challenges related to thermal stress, wear resistance, and overall

C V, Prasshanth, S, Gurumoorthy, Bhaskara Rao, Lokavarapu, S, Sridhar, S, Badri Narayanan, Kumar, Ajay, Biswas, Sayan

A Novel Approach to develop the Exhaust Backpressure Measurement System for Automotive Application

2025-28-0168To be published on 02/07/2025

Backpressure is one of key acoustic performance evaluation criteria of exhaust muffler (or Silencer) /EATS (Exhaust after treatment system) as well as for the exhaust system. Exhaust back pressure is an important parameter for fuel efficiency of a vehicle. Typically, the engine manufacturer specifies an upper limit for this. Usually, exhaust back pressure is measured during the driving condition of the vehicle at maximum power condition of the engine either on road or on chassis dynamometer. Both these methods, need a lot of preparatory works, test setup arrangement, 3 or more manpower and special skills. In this research, authors are tried to develop a new backpressure measurement set up for automotive vehicle application, which is simple and innovative, to fulfill the backpressure test requirement. In this design, mainly following devices are used namely Pitot tube, Compressed air, Manometer (or pressure gauge), Thermocouple, Fluke thermometer, along with standalone exhaust layout

Mandal, Goutam, Biswas, Sanjoy

Forced Vibration Analysis of Cracked Functionally Graded Beams

2025-28-0169To be published on 02/07/2025

This study investigates the forced vibration characteristics of functionally graded material (FGM) beams with square cross-sections featuring V-shaped cracks. FGMs, characterized by a gradual transition in mechanical composition from a ceramic to a metallic surface, offer unique advantages in various engineering applications due to their non-uniform microstructure, which imparts varying material properties throughout the structure. This research employs ANSYS Workbench to conduct a comprehensive numerical analysis, focusing on evaluating the frequencies and mode shapes of cracked FGM beams under simply supported boundary conditions. The analysis delves into the impact of three critical crack parameters: crack opening width, crack depth, and crack location. The findings highlight that the crack opening width significantly influences the vibrational frequencies of the FGM beam. Specifically, as the crack opening width increases from 0.002 meters to 0.01 meters, the frequencies decrease

D, Manish, C V, Prasshanth, N, Suhas, Bhaskara Rao, Lokavarapu

Machine Learning Based Variation Studies for Electric Vehicle Drive Unit Virtual System Models

2025-28-0171To be published on 02/07/2025

In electric vehicles development, manufacturing variations pose big challenge in designing various mechanical components as these variations directly impact various customer perceivable performance outputs. If the manufacturing variations can be included in design phase itself, overall robustness of the design can be enhanced. This paper delineates machine learning based methods to include manufacturing variations in designing drive units for electric vehicles. In an electric vehicle, the drive unit transfers power or torque from a battery through an inverter to wheels. The drive units are subjected to different types of loads under various vehicle maneuvers. To evaluate the drive unit system virtually, system level simulations are performed. Traditionally, nominal values of the several inputs such as bearing parameters, gear parameters and clearances etc. are used. However, the drive unit must be designed in such a way that outputs meet target considering all the variations of inputs

Penumatsa, Venkata Ramana Raju, Katha, Venkateswar, Black, Derrick, Jain, Sachin, Maddipati, Seshagiri

Design and Development of Tractor Front Hitch Linkage System

2025-28-0006To be published on 02/07/2025

Today's agriculture demands increased productivity due to the higher cropping intensities. Agricultural field readiness for cultivation requires various operation in field resulting in delay in cultivation which lower down productivity. Therefore, field operation needs to be more efficient in terms of both input cost and time consumption. One way to achieve this is by performing multiple operations in a single tractor pass, utilizing the increased power available in modern Tractors. In some agricultural operations, implements need to be mounted on the front of the tractor. Therefore, designing a front three-point hitching system for the tractor is essential to meet various farming needs, allowing customers to perform multiple operations simultaneously. The use of a front three-point linkage better utilizes the potential of four-wheel drive, higher horsepower tractors. This paper focus on comprehensive design process for the development and validation of a front hitch system of the

Kumar, Yuvaraj, V, ASHOK KUMAR, Perumal, Solairaj, GABA, RAHUL, RAMDEBHAI, KARAVADARA

ALLOY WHEEL RIM LINEAR CRASH VALIDATION WITH BENCH LEVEL TEST PROCEDURE

2025-28-0008To be published on 02/07/2025

Crash test plays a very crucial role in determining the passenger safety along with driver safety in most modern vehicles. This has become a prominent factor for many buyers to choose a safe car. During crash test, many components tend to fail. Amongst them, the major safety critical component which hampers the drivability of a vehicle is Wheel and Tyre Assembly. With the introduction of low aspect tyres, the failure rate of these assemblies has increased. A very high importance is given to ensure these parts withstand the subjection load as it is directly related to function of vehicle. Many methods are available to test the Wheel and Tyre assembly to ensure they pass the crash criteria. We have developed a test method which can simulate the crash pattern in the rig/bench level. The method employs a mechanical actuator which can be operated at designated load application to ensure the assembly undergoes the anticipated failure. The process is repeated with different types of contact

Medaboyina, HarshaVardhan, muthupandi, J, Senniappan, Moorthy, Singh, Ram Krishnan, Gupta, Anjali

Design and Multi-Parametric Computational Investigations on the Propulsive System of a Pentacopter UAV

2025-28-0181To be published on 02/07/2025

This work deals with the design and multi-parametric investigation on the uniquely designed propeller for a Pentacopter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The primary design data, secondary design data and performance coefficients such as diameter of the propeller, pitch angle, chord length, lift coefficient are determined through standard analytical approach. About ten different airfoils such as NACA 2412, NACA 4109, NACA 4312, NACA 4409, NACA 4415, NACA 5317, NACA 6409, NACA 6412, NACA 23024, NACA 25012 with 13 Reynolds Number and an Angle of Attack (AOA) of 20 ranges between -5 to 15 degrees are compared in order to design the propellers. The lift coefficient and drag coefficient values of ten different airfoils using the 13 Reynolds Number and the 20 AOA are acquired from the X-foil software. Based on the effect of high lift to drag ratio (L/D), three advanced airfoils are chosen among ten relevant airfoils. The shortlisted airfoils by means of high L/D ratio provided are as follows

Arumugam, Manikandan, Solaiappan, Senthil Kumar, Veeraperumal Senthil Nathan, JananiPriyadharshini, Kulandaiyappan, Naveen Kumar, Madasamy, Senthil Kumar, Solaiappan, Senthil Kumar, Veeraperumal Senthil Nathan, JananiPriyadharshini, Kulandaiyappan, Naveen Kumar, Madasamy, Senthil Kumar, Stanislaus Arputharaj, Beena, L, Natrayan, Raja, Vijayanandh

Innovative Automation Solutions for Agricultural Tractors: Boosting Efficiency and Reducing Fatigue

2025-28-0192To be published on 02/07/2025

This paper presents the automation of tasks performed by agricultural tractor operators at headlands, aimed at enhancing comfort and productivity while reducing operator fatigue. The system, developed through Electronic Depth & Draft Control, features automatic one-side braking based on wheel angle, automatic implement lift, and PTO rotation stop during headland turns. Field tests demonstrate up to 9% fuel savings and an 11% productivity increase. The advanced technology significantly boosts efficiency and cost-effectiveness, achieving a 24% increase in operator savings and overall productivity

M, Rojer Denny, Natarajan, Saravanan, Baskar, Augustin

Comprehensive Analysis of Different Space Vector PWM Techniques for the Speed Control of Two Level Traction Inverter Fed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM

2025-28-0012To be published on 02/07/2025

The popular methods to generate PWM modulation are triangle comparison method and space vector method. The work evaluates the performance of continuous and discontinuous space vector pulse width modulation techniques based on the switching losses and harmonic distortion. The flexibility in the placement of null vectors and active vectors gives generality in SVPWM techniques. Continuous SVPWM employs the conventional switching sequences which are equally divided the null vectors and active vectors. Discontinuous PWM are derived based on the different combinations of null and active switching vectors. The discontinuous PWM techniques clamps each phase for either 300 or 600 in each half cycle. Majority of the discontinuous SVPWM uses any one of the null vectors and effectively to reduce the average switching loss in a cycle and the total harmonic distortion. The study brings out the optimum SVPWM sequences for the control of PMSM. Influence of the switching sequences on the line current

Nair, Meenu Divakaran

Design and Comprehensive Computational Hydro-Structural Analyses on Nature Inspired Unmanned Aquatic Vehicle for Underwater Applications

2025-28-0056To be published on 02/07/2025

This study focuses on developing and deploying an unmanned aquatic vehicle (UAV) capable of underwater travel. The primary objectives of this project are to detect the presence of dimethyl sulphide and toluene, as well as to identify any potential oil leakage in underwater pipelines. The UAV has a maximum operating depth of 300 meters below the water's surface. The design of this UAV is derived from the natural design of Rhinaancylostoma, an underwater kind of fish. The operational setting for this mission is situated at a depth of approximately 300 meters beneath the surface of the sea, and the choice of this species is suitable for fulfilling the objectives of this undertaking. This technology will mitigate the risk associated with human interaction in inspection processes and has the potential to encompass various other resources in the future. The initial design data of the UAV is determined using analytical processes and verified formulas. The selection of the aerofoil is done by

Veeraperumal Senthil Nathan, JananiPriyadharshini, Rajendran, Mahendran, Arumugam, Manikandan, Raji, Arul Prakash, Sakthivel, Pradesh, Madasamy, Senthil Kumar, Stanislaus Arputharaj, Beena, L, Natrayan, Raja, Vijayanandh

Structural Effect based Parametric Investigations on Lightweight Materials for Propulsive System of Unmanned Airship through Fluid Structural Interaction Approach

2025-28-0167To be published on 02/07/2025

This work proposes using an airship outfitted with four weather stations that can be quickly deployed from an inflatable platform to conduct comprehensive environmental research on Titan. To navigate Titan's rivers, the weather stations are installed on inflatable platforms. Each station has a storage device that may record and send data collected by the aerobot as it travels across the area. The aerobot is inflated just before landing so that it doesn't crash into the rivers of Titan. The proposed unmanned airship will operate in Titan's atmosphere and atmospheric conditions, so this study is primarily concerned with their design and the computational analysis of structural effects and fluid dynamics. One of the most effective vehicles for extraterrestrial research was the method offered to employ unmanned lighter-than-air systems (aerobot) for planetary exploration. The titan aerobot has been built with a co-axial 4-blade propeller to generate thrust in cruise mode, horizontal and

Baskar, Sundhar, Pisharam, Akhila Ajith, Vinayagam, Gopinath, Gnanasekaran, Raj Kumar, Raji, Arul Prakash, Stanislaus Arputharaj, Beena, L, Natrayan, Ganesan, Balaji, Raja, Vijayanandh

A reduced-order beam modelling approach of BIW for torsional and bending stiffness optimization

2025-28-0187To be published on 02/07/2025

NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness) simulations of vehicle bodies are crucial for assessing performance during the design phase. However, these simulations typically require detailed CAD models and are time-consuming. In the early stages of vehicle development, when only high-level vehicle sections are available, designing the body-in-white (BIW) structure to meet target values for bending and torsional stiffness is challenging and often requires multiple iterations. To address these challenges, this study deploys a reduced-order modelling approach. This method involves identifying the beam-like sections and major joints within the BIW and calculating their sectional properties (area, area moments of inertia along the plane’s independent axes, and torsion constant). These components form a simplified skeleton model of the BIW. Load and boundary conditions are applied to the suspension mount locations at the front and rear of the vehicle, and NVH parameters are calculated. The results

KHAN, Mohd Zishan Ali, THANAPATI, Alok, Deshmukh, Chandrakant

Design and Comprehensive Computational Performance Investigations of Hybrid Vortex Bladeless Turbine with PVEH Patches for Unmanned Surface Vehicles

2025-28-0185To be published on 02/07/2025

This work addresses an innovative method for improving energy harvesting in bladeless wind turbines (BWT) by utilizing the energy of vorticity, an aerodynamic effect (vortex scattering), piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting (PVEH) patches, and profile modifications of a wind turbine. The streamlined flow undergoes a transformation and generates a vortex in the vicinity of the structure when the wind impacts the BWT. As the velocity increases, the wind strikes the structure with a greater force, resulting in an imbalance that causes the structure to vibrate. In order to convert the vibrational energy of the wind turbine into electrical energy, the research investigates the use of a variety of profile modifications to capitalize on the aerodynamic effect generated by the structure. The PVEH patches are applied to the structure's surface to extract energy from renewable sources. This provides additional energy in addition to the energy produced by the BWT, which is advantageous in

Arumugam, Manikandan, Rajendran, Mahendran, Veeraperumal Senthil Nathan, JananiPriyadharshini, Raji, Arul Prakash, Sakthivel, Pradesh, Stanislaus Arputharaj, Beena, L, Natrayan, Ganesan, Balaji, Raja, Vijayanandh

Autonomous Drone Solution for Human-Wildlife Conflict Management

2025-28-0198To be published on 02/07/2025

Human-wildlife conflicts pose significant challenges to both conservation efforts and community well-being. As these conflicts escalate globally, innovative technologies become imperative for effective and humane management strategies. This paper presents an integrated autonomous drone solution designed to mitigate human-wildlife conflicts by leveraging technologies in drone surveillance and artificial intelligence. The proposed system consists of stationary IR cameras that are setup within the conflict prone areas, which utilizes machine learning to identify the presence of wild animals and to send the corresponding location to a drone docking station. An autonomous drone equipped with high resolution IR cameras and sensors is deployed from the docking station to the provided location. The drone camera utilizes object detection technology to scan the specified zone to detect the animal and emit animal repelling ultrasonic sound from a device integrated to the drone to achieve non

sadanandan, Vaishnav, Sadique, Anwar, George, Angeo Pradeep, Vinod, Vishal, Raveendran, Darshan Unni

A Simulation Methodology for Rainwater Ingress into Vehicle HVAC Cowl Box With Design Improvement

2025-28-0163To be published on 02/07/2025

Cowl Box is the first element of HVAC air passage and responsible for keeping rainwater away from blower unit without much impacting the HVAC air flow rate. Rainwater ingress to HVAC system affects passenger comfort. The main design objectives to be achieved in the design of HVAC cowl box includes minimizing the pressure drop and eliminating the chances of water ingress in cowl box. There are CFD tools available to study the cowl box pressure drop. However, methods available to study rain water ingress in cowl box are expensive in both mesh preparation and computational time. Using SPH (Smooth Particle based Hydrodynamics) based Preonlab tool, an attempt has been made in this work to study the design improvements of HVAC cowl box to eliminate the chances of flooding during raining. ANSYS FLUENT tool used to study the pressure drop of each design. The objectives of the simulation are to examine the cowl box pressure drop and water ingress quantity into the HVAC module. Designs with

Baskar, Subramaniyan, A, Boopalshanmugam, Raju, Kumar

Mechanical Design and Packaging Strategies of a Cell-To-Pack Battery for An Automotive Electric Vehicle Based on Economic & Sport Vehicle Requirements

2025-28-0078To be published on 02/07/2025

The world is moving towards a green transportation system. Governments are also pushing for green mobility, especially electric vehicles. Electric vehicles are becoming more popular in Europe, China, India, and developing countries. In EVs, the customer's range anxiety and the perceived real-world range are major challenges for the OEMs. The OEMs are moving towards a higher power-to-weight ratio. Energy density plays a crucial role in the battery pack architecture to increase the vehicle range. Higher capacity battery packs are needed to improve the vehicle's range. The battery pack architecture is vital in defining the gravimetric and volumetric energy densities. The cell-to-pack battery technique aims to achieve a higher power-to-weight ratio by eliminating unnecessary weight in the battery architecture. The design of battery architecture depends on the cell features such as the cell shape & size, cell terminal positions, vent valve position, battery housing strength requirements

K, Barathi Raja

Novel Test Method for Accelerated Fatigue Testing of Engine Camshaft

2025-28-0055To be published on 02/07/2025

In some IC engines, fuel injection pump is driven by camshaft; thus, these camshafts are designed for bending and torsional loads. Conventionally, camshafts are built-to-specification. Typically, durability assessment of camshafts happens at engine level, this calls for proto or calibration engine to be made and available for testing. As there are limited number of engine level proto testing, the overall scatter in camshafts due to manufacturing/process variations is not possible to be covered. This poses a risk of camshaft failures in the final stages of product development. To mitigate this risk, a component level standard test method is needed for quickly validating design and manufacturing process of camshafts for second source suppliers. The current paper discusses the process followed for arriving at a standard test setup and the challenges in terms of capturing the appropriate physics. Camshaft rear end experiences bending load due to FIP operation, and this bending load is

Chakraborty, Abhirup, S, Aravamuthan, K, Karthikeyan

Finite Element Fatigue Life Prediction and Test Correlation for Seam Welded Joints in Sheet-Metal Assemblies

2025-28-0054To be published on 02/07/2025

Tractors, agricultural machines comprising diverse interconnected assemblies, collaboratively perform specific functions to attain desired outputs. Among these assemblies, the footstep assembly—an affixed structure or platform facilitating convenient access for the operator to the tractor cabin or platform. The components of the footstep assembly are fabricated from sheet metal and are connected using various joining technologies, such as bolts, welds, and others. During field operations, several failures have been noted in the footstep component, specifically at the weld connections. This paper delineates a methodology for simulating and predicting the occurrences of weld joint failures in the sheet-metal components. The inherent characteristics of the welding process lead to welded joints generally exhibiting a fatigue strength lower than that of the individual parts being joined. Additionally, welds are frequently applied at geometric features or points of section changes within a

Kumar, Arun, PANDEY, MANOJ KUMAR, THIRUGNANAM, vivekanndan, MANI, SURESH, Redkar, Dinesh

Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of microchannel through various nanofluids

2025-28-0024To be published on 02/07/2025

The significant development of power convertors in electrical vehicles demand higher energy consumptions and in turn larger heat generations. To prevent overheating of power convertors a newly designed curved micro channel was designed diamond shaped and triangular cross-sections. The working fluids used are Gc3N4/Water (0.3%), Al2O3/Water (0.3%) nanofluids, and Al2O3-Gc3N4/Water (0.3%) hybrid nanofluid and evaluated the flow and heat transfer characteristics. The heat sink has a cross-sectional area of 80 × 48 mm², and the experimental study was conducted by varying the mass flow rate from 0.1 to 0.5 LPM under a constant heat flux of 50 kW/m². The experimental results revealed that the heat transfer rate and pressure drop for the pentagonal channel increased by 14.2% and 18.9%, respectively, compared to the triangular channel heat sink using hybrid nanofluids. This improvement can be attributed to the secondary flow generated in the oblique finned pentagonal microchannel heat sink

R L, Krupakaran, PETLA, RATNA KAMALA, Anchupogu, Praveen, Kala, Lakshmi K, Gangula, Vidyasagar reddy, Tarigonda, Hariprasad

Innovative Design and Validation of Tandem Quadrant Assembly in Tractors

2025-28-0009To be published on 02/07/2025

The Tractor is essential in both agriculture and construction, equipped with a variety of implements for different operational conditions. Its hydraulic system is crucial for controlling these implements during fieldwork and transport. The quadrant assembly is a key part of the tractor's hydraulic control system, allowing the operator to manage important functions. This includes hydraulic control and draft control, enabling the farmer or operator to use the PC and DC levers to adjust the movement of implements during various tasks. Tractors are commonly used in fields and farms where the soil can be loose and muddy, particularly during wet puddling operations. In these muddy conditions, tractors can accumulate mud in critical components, such as the quadrant assembly. This can lead to functional issues, increased friction, and problems within the hydraulic system, especially affecting the controls for hydraulics and lever shifting for implement handling. As a result, operators may need

K, Bheshma, Phadtare, Yogesh, Gomes, Maxson, V, ASHOK KUMAR, Perumal, Solairaj, Magendran, G

Improvement in Shift Quality in an Automated Multi-Speed Transmission of a Battery Electric Vehicle through Optimization of Required Shift Force

2025-28-0105To be published on 02/07/2025

In the context of heavy-duty applications for Battery Electric Commercial Vehicles, the development of multi-speed transmissions paired with smaller traction motors is increasingly pertinent. This combination is essential for achieving the necessary gradeability while enhancing operational efficiency. However, the primary challenge lies in comprehending the shifting methodology in electric vehicles, which do not employ physical clutches to disengage the transmission from the traction motor during gear shifts. This unique characteristic of electric vehicles renders traditional methods for estimating shift force inapplicable, presenting a novel challenge for the industry. The advent of electric vehicles has presented opportunities for optimizing various attributes of mechanical powertrains. A particularly promising approach involves the design of a compact shift system that employs smaller actuators for automated gear shifting. During gear shifts, the unlocking of the dog clutch

Sharma, Saurabhkumar

Matt finish Vehicles– Emerging trend in automotive sector for visual attraction

2025-28-0038To be published on 02/07/2025

Exterior paint look is one the important tie braker on vehicle aesthetic appeal when compared with equal contenders. Time to time, globally new trend emerges to make the vehicle look attractive, one of the technologies is matt finish. To adapt with changing trends, current Indian market trend is moving from glossy finish paint to Matte finish paint by low gloss and attractive texture characteristics, which can provide soft light and pleasant feel. Matt finish helps to enhance the shape and features of the painted surface, feature lines clarity and enhanced visual appeal with absorption of light rather than reflection by glossy finish. Any new technology comes with challenges and limitations compared to traditional approach of vehicle painting and handling in field. In this paper, we have discussed on development of matt finish paint for automotive sector as per OEM manufacturing setup, definition of gloss for matt finish, quantification method, classification of gloss, mechanism

Kumar, Vinay, Lalwani, Rahul, Jayanthan, B

Gear misalignment optimization for Electric Drive Unit using Machine learning based Prescriptive Analytics

2025-28-0166To be published on 02/07/2025

Gear mesh misalignment in electric drive unit may result in shifts in the load distribution of a gear pair that can increase contact and bending stresses. It may move the peak bending and contact stresses to the edge of the face width, and also increase gear noise. Lower misalignment value is often required to reduce the peak bending and contact stresses and have a balanced load distribution along the gear flank. This paper delineates a method which is also called prescriptive analytics that combines virtual simulations, Machine learning (ML) and optimization techniques to minimize different gear misalignments for electric vehicle drive unit. The gear misalignments are dependent on stiffness of different components in the drive unit. So, a comprehensive approach that incorporates effect of individual components and their interactions is needed. Generally, an assembly level virtual simulation is performed to evaluate gear misalignments. In order to minimize the misalignments, manual

Penumatsa, Venkata Ramana Raju, Thomas, Benson, Black, Derrick, Jain, Sachin

Items per page:

1 – 50 of 118596