Results
This specification covers the material and process requirements for fabricating sandwich radomes having polyimide-resin-impregnated quartz cloth shells and polyimide-resin syntactic foam cores.
This SAE Recommended Practice applies to excavators and backhoe loaders, as defined in ISO 6165.
This SAE Standard specifies the general requirements and test methods for non-shielded, high-voltage ignition cable assemblies.
This SAE Recommended Practice pertains to liquid level determination for any fluid compartment of off-road work machines as defined in SAE J1116 and ISO 6165.
This SAE Standard applies to hydraulic directional control valves as applied to self-propelled work machines referenced in SAE J1116. It describes a laboratory test procedure for evaluating: a Flow versus pressure drop b Leakage rate c Operating effort d Metering characteristics versus spool travel, pilot pressure, or electrical current e Relief valve characteristics The document applies to single and multiple section hydraulic directional control valves. This document illustrates axial, manually operated valves although the test procedure is applicable to other input forms such as rotary actuation, electric current, hydraulic or pneumatic pressure. Performance characteristics such as metering hysteresis or dynamic response may have a significant effect on some of these tests.
The 3D crush model can be obtained by any suitable photogrammetry method using this image set and is intended to graphically represent in photographs the shape and orientation of the damaged surface(s) relative to the undamaged, or least damaged, portion of the vehicle. The procedure is intended to provide an image set sufficient to determine, with the use of photogrammetric methodologies, the 3D location of points on the crushed surface of the damaged vehicle. Measurement of the exterior damaged surface(s) on a vehicle is a necessary step in quantifying the deformation caused by a collision and the energy dissipated by the deformation process. The energy analysis is sometimes called a crush analysis. Evaluation of the energy dissipated is useful in reconstructing the change in the velocity of the vehicles (delta-V) involved in a collision. This guideline is intended for use by investigators who do not have photogrammetry expertise, special equipment or training and may be constrained
This SAE Standard serves as a guide for testing procedures of automotive 12 V storage batteries. The information contained herein was originally developed based on traditional ICE operation but can be more broadly applicable to other vehicle architectures. Although the test procedures contained herein are written from the standpoint of a 12 V nominal battery, they can be scaled for batteries with different nominal voltages.
The system emissions chart contained herein is intended to serve as a means of estimating the annual refrigerant emission rate (grams per year) from new production A/C systems equipped with specified component technologies. It provides emission values for various component technologies that are currently available and can be expanded as new technologies are commercialized. This document provides the information to develop an Excel file template system emissions chart for system emission analysis. The chart includes automotive compressor technologies for conventional mobile air conditioning systems, as well as those using semi-hermetic compressors. Fully hermetic compressors contain the working electric compressor within a welded housing that allows little if any typical emissions and the emission value for this type of compressor is added as low, fixed value. This standard can be considered a companion document to SAE J2763. SAE J2727 estimates system emissions, taking into account
This SAE Recommended Practice presents a method and example results for determining the Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) for automotive motion control electrical and/or electronic (E/E) systems. The ASIL determination activity is required by ISO 26262-3, and it is intended that the process and results herein are consistent with ISO 26262. The technical focus of this document is on vehicle motion control systems. The scope of this SAE Recommended Practice is limited to collision-related hazards associated with motion control systems. This SAE Recommended Practice focuses on motion control systems since the hazards they can create generally have higher ASIL ratings, as compared to the hazards non-motion control systems can create. Because of this, the Functional Safety Committee decided to give motion control systems a higher priority and focus exclusively on them in this SAE Recommended Practice. ISO 26262 has a wider scope than SAE J2980, covering other functions and accidents
This SAE Standard establishes the maximum gradient rating during hopper discharge of self-propelled, driver-operated sweepers and scrubbers as defined by SAE J2130-1 and SAE J2130-2.
This procedure establishes a recommended practice for performing a lumbar flexion test to the Hybrid III 50th male anthropomorphic test device (ATD or crash dummy). This test was created to satisfy the demand from industry to have a certification test which characterizes the lumbar without interaction of other dummy components. In the past, there have not been any tests to evaluate the performance of Hybrid III 50th lumbar.
This procedure provides methods to determine the appropriate inertia values for all passenger cars and light trucks up to 4540 kg of GVWR. For the same vehicle application and axle (front or rear), different tests sections or brake applications may use different inertia values to reflect the duty-cycle and loading conditions indicated on the specific test.
This classification system tabulates the properties of vulcanized rubber materials (natural rubber, reclaimed rubber, synthetic rubbers, alone or in combination) that are intended for, but not limited to, use in rubber products for automotive applications.
SAE J2886 Design Review Based on Failure Modes (DRBFM) Recommended Practice is intended for Automotive and Non-Automotive applications. It describes the basic principles and processes of DRBFM including planning, preparation, change point FMEA, design reviews, decisions based on actions completed, and feedback loops to other processes, such as design, validation and process guidelines (Appendix B - DRBFM Process Map). The intent of each fundamental step of the DRBFM methodology is presented. It is intended for use by organizations whose product development processes currently (or intend to) use Failure Mode & Effects Analysis (FMEA) or DRBFM as a tool for assessing the potential risk and reliability of system elements (product or process) or as part of their product improvement processes. DRBFM is not intended to replace FMEA however, companies interested in adopting DRBFM will benefit from the focus on specific change points and supporting engineering decisions based on detailed
Electroplating is a process whereby an object is coated with one or more relatively thin, tightly adherent layers of one or more metals. It is accomplished by placing the object to be coated on a plating rack or a fixture, or in a basket or in a rotating container in such a manner that a suitable current may flow through it, and then immersing it in a series of solutions and rinses in planned sequence. The advantage to be gained by electroplating may be considerable; broadly speaking, the process is used when it is desired to endow the basis material (selected for cost, material conservation, and physical property reasons) with surface properties it does not possess. It should be noted that although electroplating is the most widely used process for applying metals to a substrate, they may also be applied by spraying, vacuum deposition, cladding, hot dipping, chemical reduction, mechanical plating, etc. The purpose for applying an electroplate and the metals used for various
Automotive parts can be fabricated from either coiled sheet, flat sheet or extruded shapes. Alloy selection is governed by finish requirements, forming characteristics, and mechanical properties. Bright anodizing alloys 5657 and 52521 sheet provide a high luster and are preferred for trim which can be formed from an intermediate temper, such as H25. Bright anodizing alloy 5457 is used for parts which require high elongation and a fully annealed ("0") temper. Alloy 6463 is a medium strength bright anodizing extrusion alloy; Alloy X7016 is a high strength bright anodizing extrusion alloy primarily suited for bumper applications. To satisfy anti-glare requirements for certain trim applications, sheet alloy 5205 and extrusion alloy 6063 are capable of providing the desired low-gloss anodized finish. Bright anodizing alloys require control of the chemical composition of the alloy to enhance response to chemical brightening and to result in the formation of anodic coatings that are
Case hardening may be defined as a process for hardening a ferrous material in such a manner that the surface layer, known as the case, is substantially harder than the remaining material, known as the core. The process embraces carburizing, nitriding, carbonitriding, cyaniding, induction, and flame hardening. In every instance, chemical composition, mechanical properties, or both are affected by such practice. This testing procedure describes various methods for measuring the depth to which change has been made in either chemical composition or mechanical properties. Each procedure has its own area of application established through proved practice, and no single method is advocated for all purposes. Methods employed for determining the depth of case are either chemical, mechanical, or visual, and the specimens or parts may be subjected to the described test either in the soft or hardened condition. The measured case depth may then be reported as either effective or total case depth
This user's manual covers the Hybrid III 10-year old child test dummy. The manual is intended for use by technicians who work with this test device. It covers the construction and clothing, assembly and disassembly, available instrumentation, external dimensions and segment masses, as well as certification and inspection test procedures. It includes guidelines for handling accelerometers, guidelines for flesh repair, and joint adjustment procedures. Finally, it includes drawings for some of the test equipment that is unique to this dummy.
The performance requirements have been established for external automatic slack adjusters when tested to SAE J1462.
This SAE Standard presents performance requirements for the parking stability of two-wheeled motorcycled intended for highway use.
This SAE standard applies to all electric battery-powered machines that fall within the scope of SAE J2130-2.
This SAE Standard applies to hydraulic pumps and motors used on off-road self-propelled work machines as described in SAE J1116.
This SAE Recommended Practice was developed cooperatively by SAE, ASTM, and API to define and identify energy conserving or resource conserving engine oils for passenger cars, vans, sport utility vehicles, and light-duty (3856 kg [8500 pounds] GVW or less) trucks.
This document describes methodologies to determine the causes of high oil consumption caused primarily by the power cylinder system.
The following information covers accessory drive belt testing methods and includes test configurations, pulley diameters, power loads, and guidance for interpreting test data. Belt construction definitions are also documented. This information has been prepared from existing literature, including standards and data supplied by producers and users of V-ribbed belts.
The practice applies to parts and materials used in vehicle manufacture which are intended to be acceptable color matches to a specified color standard. This practice is intended for use with parts or materials that are opaque or nearly so and does not apply to transparent materials. Materials covered by this practice include topcoat paint finishes, interior soft trim, interior and exterior hard trim, and exterior film.
This SAE Standard applies to all machines with shovel, clam, or dragline attachment.
This SAE Standard includes names of major components and parts peculiar to this type of machine. Illustrations used here are not intended to include all existing commercial machines or be exactly descriptive of any particular machine. They have been provided to describe the principles to be used in applying this document.
This SAE Standard applies to fluorescent refrigerant leak detection dye injection equipment for use in ultraviolet leak detection when servicing mobile air-conditioning systems.
The purpose of this SAE Recommended Practice is to promote the highest professional and personal conduct of practitioners in the fields of accident investigation and reconstruction. It encourages the continuous application of high ethical principles to one’s own endeavors. It also encourages the application of these same principles to others associated with accident investigation and reconstruction.
This SAE Recommended Practice provides the following for the windshield washer system for trucks, buses, and multipurpose vehicles with GVW of 4500 kg (10 000 lb) or greater: a Minimum performance requirement b Uniform test procedures. The test procedures are limited to those tests that can be conducted with uniform test equipment by commercially available laboratory facilities. c Uniform terminology of windshield washer system characteristics and phenomena. The minimum performance requirements and test procedures, outlined in this document, are based on currently available engineering data. It is intended that all portions of the document will be periodically reviewed and revised as additional data on windshield washer system performance are developed.
These requirements define minimum recommended levels of side stand retraction performance of a new side stand/motorcycle combination when tested according to the procedures of SAE J1578.
This recommended practice covers the requirements of magnetic or thermal circuit breakers for use in marine applications for 50 V DC or less.
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes a uniform procedure for the level road test of the brake systems of all classes of motorcycles intended for highway use.
This SAE Recommended Practice is intended for use only in characterizing test surfaces used in motorcycle side stand retraction testing (SAE J1578). The equipment and procedure described in this document yields repeatable results in characterizing test surfaces in a way found to be related to retraction performance. The test results obtained with this procedure do not necessarily correlate with measurements obtained with other friction measurement procedures which have been developed for other purposes.
This SAE Recommended Practice applies to valve assemblies that are used on passenger car and light truck braking systems utilizing motor vehicle hydraulic brake fluids. The procedure (SAE J1118) and these requirements (SAE J1137) were developed for brake fluids conforming to SAE J1703 and FMVSS 116 (DOT 3) requirements; however, it may be utilized for valves which use DOT 4 or DOT 5 brake fluid. These requirements are applicable to differential warning, metering hold off, bypass function, or proportioning type valves or any combination thereof.
This SAE Standard applies to new refrigerant used in motor vehicle passenger air-conditioning (A/C) systems designed to use R-1234yf, including belt and electrically driven compressors. Refrigerant for use in hermetically sealed, refrigerated cargo systems is not covered by this document.
This report investigates the use of single and multi-layer coatings on replaceable headlamp bulbs and how such coatings can affect the performance of bulbs in terms of light scattering, which can contribute to glare, and spectral separation in headlamps. Tests were developed to investigate the effects of absorptive and interference (multi-layer) coatings on bulbs, and on bulbs in headlamp systems. These tests provide validation for a proposed bulb color separation test, which establishes limits for spectral separation within the boundaries of SAE J578 white color requirements. The bulb color separation test provides a definitive selection criterion to identify bulbs that cause excessive light scatter (glare) and/or spectral separation in an optical system.
This SAE Information Report prescribes dummies, procedures, and configurations that can be used for investigating the interactions that might occur between a deploying airbag and a child restrained by a child restraint system (CRS). During the inflation process, airbags generate a considerable amount of kinetic energy which can result in substantial forces being applied to a child who is restrained in a CRS in the front seat of a vehicle. Field data collected by the special crash investigation team of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) indicate that fatal forces can be developed. In response to these field data, NHTSA added a series of airbag/child interaction tests and limits to the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR 571.208) that deal with occupant protection, commonly known as Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS 208). The bases for NHTSA tests are the various test procedures that were developed by the International Standards Organization (ISO) and the
This SAE Recommended Practice identifies major components and parts peculiar to clam bunk skidders. Illustrations used here are not intended to include all existing machines or to be exactly descriptive of any particular machine. They have been provided to illustrate the principles to be used in applying this document.
This SAE Recommended Practice presents requirements for the structural integrity of the brake system of all new trucks, buses, and combinations of vehicles designed for roadway use and falling into the following classifications: a Truck and Bus—Over 4500 kg (10 000 lb) GVWR b Combination Vehicles—Towing vehicle over 4500 kg (10 000 lb) GVWR The requirements are based on data obtained from SAE J294.
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