Results
This SAE Standard was developed to provide a method for indicating the direction of engine rotation and numbering of engine cylinders. The document is intended for use in designing new engines to eliminate the differences which presently exist in industry.
An airbag generates a considerable amount of kinetic energy during its inflation process. As a result substantial forces can be developed between the deploying airbag and the out-of-position occupant. Accident data and laboratory test results have indicated a potential for head, neck, chest, abdominal, and leg injuries from these forces. This suggests that mitigating such forces should be considered in the design of airbag restraint systems. This document outlines a comprehensive set of test guidelines that can be used for investigating the interactions that occur between the deploying airbag and the occupant who is near the module at the time of deployment. Static and dynamic tests to investigate driver and passenger systems are given. Static tests may be used to sort designs on a comparative basis. Designs that make it through the static sorting procedure may be subjected to the appropriate dynamic tests. On a specific vehicle model, engineering judgment based upon prior experience
This report investigates the use of single and multi-layer coatings on replaceable headlamp bulbs and how such coatings can affect the performance of bulbs in terms of light scattering, which can contribute to glare, and spectral separation in headlamps. Tests were developed to investigate the effects of absorptive and interference (multi-layer) coatings on bulbs, and on bulbs in headlamp systems. These tests provide validation for a proposed bulb color separation test, which establishes limits for spectral separation within the boundaries of SAE J578 white color requirements. The bulb color separation test provides a definitive selection criterion to identify bulbs that cause excessive light scatter (glare) and/or spectral separation in an optical system.
This SAE Recommended Practice defines minimum requirements for general characteristics, performance, and durability. It is applicable to remanufactured assemblies (factory rebuild) only. This document applies to master cylinder assemblies and components of current established designs but does not cover fluid level sensors, integral proportioning valves, or those master cylinders used in anti-lock brake or traction control systems. These will be covered by other standards. The general characteristics and test procedure are specified in SAE J1693.
This SAE Recommended Practice is intended as the definition of a standard test, but may be subject to frequent change to keep pace with experience and technical advances. This should be kept in mind when considering its use. The SAE No 2 Friction Test Machine is used to evaluate the friction characteristics of automatic transmission plate clutches with automotive transmission fluids. It can also be used to conduct durability tests on wet friction systems. The specific purpose of this document is to define a Durability Test based on a specific power level selected from either the 3600 r/min Stepped Power Test or from the 6000 r/min Stepped Power Test, for the evaluation of wet friction system performance variation as a function of number of cycles. This standard procedure is intended for common use by both suppliers and end users to allow objective comparisons of wet friction material system performance. The only variables selected by the supplier or user of the friction system are: a
There are two ways to assess the characteristics of ride vibrations of a vehicle during its operation. Subjective evaluation and objective measurement. Subjective assessments of the ride vibrations experienced by drivers during ride evaluations are generally performed by a panel of drivers and/or passengers who are instructed to operate or ride a group of vehicles in a predetermined manner in order to subjectively assess the levels and characteristics of ride vibrations. Figures 6A through 6C show examples of subjective evaluation forms presently in use. The disadvantages of the subjective method include need for careful experimental design, need for statistically unbiased samples, complexity of human perceptions of vibrations, and difficulty in comparing qualitative data of vehicles evaluated at different times and/or by different groups of people. Often ride characterization is not an easy task using only qualitative or descriptive terms. Therefore, it is necessary and desirable to
This SAE Recommended Practice applies to speedometers, odometers, and speedometer drives typical of passenger vehicles, buses, and trucks used for personal or commercial purposes. The method of determining wheel revolutions per unit distance (3.1) and overall system design variation (3.3.3) are applicable to passenger cars only. Comparable recommendations for trucks and buses are under development. The data of tachometers is applicable to vehicular use, as previously described, and also to stationary and marine engines and special vehicles.
This SAE Recommended Practice provides general guidelines for measuring the splash and spray produced by vehicles operating over wet pavements. The guidelines describe both the video digitizing and the laser methods of analysis. The video-digitizing method uses video images and contrast measurements between black and white checkerboards when a spray cloud is superimposed on them as a means of measuring the obscuring spray. The laser method uses laser transmittance through the spray cloud as the means of measurement. It is left to the users of this practice to decide which method is best suited to their needs. There is no implied relationship between these two methods, although it is expected that the ranking of relative spray reduction between test vehicle configurations would be approximately the same. All sections listed in this document are to be considered as common to both methods, unless otherwise noted. There are complex interactions of variables that affect splash and spray
To measure the performance characteristics of Continuously Variable Transmissions (CVT). It outlines dynamometer tests that cover the range of operation and provides a method of presenting the test data. This procedure must be followed with similar test facilities so that results obtained from different laboratories are comparable.
This information applies to refrigerant used to service automobiles, light trucks, and other vehicles with similar CFC-12 (R-12) systems. Systems used on mobile vehicles for refrigerated cargo that have hermetically sealed, rigid pipe, are not covered in this document.
This SAE Recommended Practice provides headlamp beam pattern test points for harmonized low and high beam headlamp beam patterns that incorporate elements of European, Asian, and U.S. photometric tables. These photometric tables are optional to those found in SAE J1383.
This SAE Recommended Practice applies to motor vehicle Distributed Lighting Systems (DLS) which use light generated by remote sources. It provides test methods, requirements, and guidelines applicable to these systems. This document is intended to be a guide to standard practice and is subject to change dependent upon additional experience and technical advances. This document covers Headlamp, Fog lamp, Auxiliary lamp, plus Signal and Marking lamp functions.
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) has been compiled to provide information on hydraulic systems fitted to the following categories of military vehicles. Attack Airplanes Fighter Airplanes Bombers Anti-Sub, Fixed Wing Airplanes Transport Airplanes Helicopters Boats
This SAE standard applies to any and all additives and chemical solutions intended for aftermarket use in the refrigerant circuit of vehicle air-conditioning systems with belt-driven compressors, except as noted below. This standard provides testing and acceptance criteria for determining the stability and compatibility of additives and flushing materials (solutions) with A/C system materials and components, that may be intended for use in servicing or operation of vehicle air conditioning systems. This standard does not provide test criteria for additive, compressor lubricant, or flushing solution effectiveness; such testing is the responsibility of the additive and/or solution manufacturer/supplier. This standard does not cover additives or flushing materials for electrically driven compressors. The use of additives with electrically driven compressors might cause electrical shorting and compressor failure. It is not the intent of this document to identify the requirements for
This SAE Standard defines test methods and general requirements at all phases of development production, and field analysis of electrical terminals, connectors, and components that constitute the direct connection to the storage battery of road vehicles having 42 volt (nominal) electrical systems.
This SAE Recommended Practice defines test methods and general requirements at all phases of development, production, and field analysis of electrical terminals (including sense pins), connectors, and components that constitute the jump-start connection for road vehicles having 42 V (nominal) electrical systems. The 42 V jump start connector is always remote from the vehicle battery and may take the form of an in-line or Header Connection, either of which is in an accessible location for attachment of a jumper cable from an assist vehicle or battery charger. WARNING—The Jump Start Connector requires environmental protection. This specification assumes that such protection is in place and remains effective for the life of the vehicle. The level of protection depends on the vehicle packaging environment and duty cycle. Appendix B of this document contains the physical specification for the Jump Start Connector.
This SAE Recommended Practice defines minimum performance standards, qualification requirements, and minimum documentation requirements for Integrated Lap and Shoulder Restraint (to) equipped Seats (IL&SRTS). The goal is to achieve comfort, durability, and occupant protection under expected and foreseeable normal operation loads. The document attempts to define test and evaluation criteria to demonstrate performance at peak operational loads, while attempting to maintain the seat’s ability to meet loads set forth in FMVSS 207, 210, and ECE 14, 16, and 17. This document also provides guidance for design by enumerating certain design goals to enhance comfort, serviceability, and safety. Guidance for test procedures, measurements, equipment, and interpretation of results may be presented to promote uniform techniques and to achieve acceptable data. While this document addresses system performance, responsibility for the seating systems is divided between the seat supplier and the vehicle
This SAE Recommended Practice describes a unified numbering system (UNS) for metals and alloys which have a "commercial standing" (see 6.1), and covers the procedure by which such numbers are assigned. Section 2 describes the system of alphanumeric designations or "numbers" established for each family of metals and alloys. Section 3 outlines the organization established for administering the system. Section 4 describes the procedure for requesting number assignment to metals and alloys for which UNS numbers have not previously been assigned.
This Information Report presents background and rationale for SAE Recommended Practice J1106, Laboratory Testing Machine and Procedures for Measuring the Steady Force and Moment Properties of Passenger Car Tires. The purpose of SAE J1106 is to define standards for equipment design and test procedures so that data from different laboratories can be directly compared. Whereas such standardization is not a requirement for testing associated with tire development, it is necessary in the context of vehicle design and tire selection problems. The basic approach employed in developing SAE J1106 was to consolidate and document existing technology as embodied in equipment and procedures currently employed for routine tire evaluations. Equipment and procedures whose current use is restricted to research applications were not considered. Research experience is discussed in this Information Report, however, to the extent deemed necessary to provide background and rationale for SAE J1106. Material
The SAE International task force on headlamp mounting height has considered the ramifications of reducing the maximum mounting height of headlamps on highway vehicles. The task force has concluded that it is in the best interest of the driving public to make a substantial reduction in the recommended maximum height at which headlamps, particularly low-beam headlamps, may be mounted. Heights as low as 36 to 40 in (90 to 100 cm) have been considered. New tractor vehicles are in fact being designed with headlamps mounted in this range. Further recommendations were withheld in anticipation of tests to demonstrate the effect of mounting height on the legibility of certain overhead signs.
This SAE Part Standard covers selected machine screw nuts manufactured in accordance with American Society for Mechanical Engineers (ASME) dimensional standards. This document covers material most often used in ship systems and equipment but its use may be applied wherever nuts of the covered materials are used. This document permits the nuts to be identified and ordered by a part identification number (PIN) as defined in this document.
This SAE Standard provides test procedures and performance requirements for spot lamps.
This SAE Recommended Practice has been established for the purpose of providing design criteria and suggested dimensional proportions which may be used for ball studs and ball stud socket assemblies as used on steering systems or control mechanisms of passenger vehicles, trucks and off-road equipment. The recommended practice does not cover all applications. It is intended to provide assistance in obtaining functional satisfaction and interchangeability. The inclusion of dimensional data in this report is not intended to imply that all the products described are stock production sizes. Consumers are requested to consult with manufacturers concerning stock production parts.
This SAE Standard applies to direct acting hydraulic power assist brake boosters only, of the type which provide "push through" manual braking of the static brake circuit(s) via a separate master cylinder, in event of inoperative power assistance similar to existing vacuum boosters (SAE J1808), for passenger cars and light trucks [4500 kg GVW (10 000 lb)].
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes remanufacturing procedures and acceptance criteria for engine water pumps.
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