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This document defines the test procedures and performance limits of steady state and transient voltage characteristics for 12 V, 24 V, or 48 V electrical power generating systems used in commercial ground vehicles.
This specification covers a low-alloy steel in the form of bars, forgings, mechanical tubing, and forging or tubing stock.
This document covers flexible and semiflexible, reinforced and unreinforced air hoses fabricated from laminated and impregnated fabric, intended for use in aircraft heating, air conditioning, ventilating, defrosting, and/or deicing systems.
This paper was prepared to support supersession of MIL-S-8879C with Screw Thread Conformity Task Force selected industry standard AS8879C, published by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). Other documentation changes will be covered by separate papers. Separate papers are anticipated for thread gaging issues, and thread gage calibration procedures. The STC-TF decided that the thread design standard needed to be completed before thread gage definition could be addressed. Thread gage definition has to be known before calibration procedures can be addressed.
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) aims at identifying the design criteria and testing methods adequate to guarantee the ultimate load and operational dependability of cargo restraint strap assemblies with a typical 22250 N (5000 lbf) rated ultimate tension load capability, as used by the airline industry in order to restrain cargo on board civil transport aircraft during flight: a cargo loaded and tied down onto airworthiness certified air cargo pallets, themselves restrained into aircraft lower deck or main/upper deck cargo systems and meeting the requirements of NAS 3610 or AS36100, or b non-unitized individual pieces of cargo, or pieces of, cargo placed onto an unrestrained (“floating”) pallet into either lower deck or main deck containerized cargo compartments of an aircraft.
Electric and alternative fueled vehicles present different hazards for first and second responders than conventional gasoline internal combustion engines. Hydrogen vehicles (H2V) including Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCVs) involved in incidents may present unique hazards associated with the fuel storage and high voltage systems. The electrical hazards associated with the high voltage systems of hybrid-electric vehicles and FCVs are already addressed in the parent document, SAE J2990. This Recommended Practice therefore addresses electric issues by reference to SAE J2990 and supplements SAE J2990 to address the potential consequences associated with hydrogen vehicle incidents and suggest common procedures to help protect emergency responders, tow and/or recovery, storage, repair, and salvage personnel after an incident has occurred. Industry design standards and tools were studied and where appropriate, suggested for responsible organizations to implement.
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes uniform engineering nomenclature for the most common wheel constructions, and their components used on passenger cars, light trucks, and multipurpose vehicles. These wheel constructions are welded disc wheels, cast wheels, forged wheels, composite wheels and hybrid wheels. This nomenclature and the accompanying drawings are intended to define fundamental wheel terms rather than to provide a comprehensive tabulation of all wheel design types.
This SAE Standard applies to planning and mapping various types of information associated with directional boring/drilling machines. This type of planning and mapping information is typically used with horizontal directional drilling (HDD) machines as defined by ISO 21467:2023.
This SAE Information Report applies to structural integrity, performance, drivability, and serviceability of personally licensed vehicles not exceeding 10000 pounds GVWR such as sedans, crossovers, SUVs, MPVs, light trucks, and van-type vehicles that are powered by gas and alternative fuel such as electric, plug-in hybrid, or hybrid technologies. It provides engineering direction to vehicle modifiers in a manner that does not limit innovation, and it specifies procedures for preparing vehicles to enhance safety during vehicle modifications. It further provides guidance and recommendations for the minimum acceptable design requirements and performance criteria on general and specific structural modifications, thereby allowing consumers and third-party payers the ability to obtain and purchase equipment that meets or exceeds the performance and safety of the OEM production vehicle.
This Glossary is designed to serve persons who need to know the accepted meanings, within specific contexts, of the terminology used in reports, articles, regulations, and other materials dealing with aviation safety -- with particular reference to terms specific to human factors in aviation safety. It is assumed that some users of the Glossary will be familiar with the nomenclature of aviation, but will need information on the language of human factors in engineering as they apply to aviation safety. Others (for example, engineers and psychologists) will have fairly extensive knowledge of the terminology of their own and related disciplines, but will need authoritative definitions of technical terms specific to aviation. Within the foregoing general framework, the following guidelines for the inclusion of terms to be defined have been observed:
This SAE Standard covers complete general and dimensional specifications for refrigeration tube fittings of the flare type specified in Figures 1 to 42 and Tables 1 to 15. These fittings are intended for general use with flared annealed copper tubing in refrigeration applications. Dimensions of single and double 45 degree flares on tubing to be used in conjunction with these fittings are given in Figure 2 and Table 1 of SAE J533. The following general specifications supplement the dimensional data contained in Tables 1 to 15 with respect to all unspecified details.
This specification defines limits of variation for determining acceptability of composition of cast and wrought corrosion and heat-resistant steels and alloys, maraging and other highly alloyed steels, and iron alloy parts and materials acquired from a producer.
The methodology for maximum package size loading is based on a mathematical method allowing the calculation of maximum package size tables. This method does not in principal differentiate between bulk loading and cargo system loading. However, some restrictions have to be considered: Some cargo systems generate pre-determined pallet trajectories. Envelope curves depending on the pallet size and the possible trajectories have to be determined first. Door geometric limitations (with or without cargo loading system) Turning limitations due to weight, load geometry and conveyance capability Securing requirements This document is not intended for airline operational use. It should be used by engineers performing calculations or developing computer programs to produce Maximum Package Size tables specified in AS1825.
This SAE Recommended Practice applies to speedometers, odometers, and speedometer drives typical of passenger vehicles, buses, and trucks used for personal or commercial purposes. The method of determining wheel revolutions per unit distance (3.1) and overall system design variation (3.3.3) are applicable to passenger cars only. Comparable recommendations for trucks and buses are under development. The data of tachometers is applicable to vehicular use, as previously described, and also to stationary and marine engines and special vehicles.
This document describes a fuel-consumption test procedure that utilizes industry accepted data collection and statistical analysis methods to determine the difference in fuel consumption between vehicles with a gross vehicle weight of more than 10000 pounds. This test procedure can be used for an evaluation of two or more different vehicles but is not to be used to evaluate a component change. Although on-road testing is allowed, track testing is the preferred method because it has the greatest opportunity to minimize weather and traffic influences on the variability of the results. All tests shall be conducted in accordance with the weather constraints described within this procedure and shall be supported by collected data and analysis. This document provides information that may be used in concert with SAE Recommended Practices SAE J1264, SAE J1252, SAE J1321, and SAE J2966, as well as additional current and future aerodynamic and vehicle performance SAE standards.
This document provides an overview on how and why EGR coolers are utilized, defines commonly used nomenclature, discusses design issues and trade-offs, and identifies common failure modes. The reintroduction of selectively cooled exhaust gas into the combustion chamber is just one component of the emission control strategy for internal combustion (IC) engines, both diesel and gasoline, and is useful in reducing exhaust port emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx). Other means of reducing NOx exhaust port emissions are briefly mentioned, but beyond the scope of this document.
This SAE Information Report establishes a minimum level of uniform recipes for contaminants which may be used when durability testing pneumatic components to obtain additional information on how a device may perform under more true-to-life operating conditions. This type of contamination testing, however, is not meant to replace the type of performance testing described in SAE J1409 and SAE J1410. Durability testing in the presence of contamination will yield results more reflective of actual in-service field conditions and provide an additional evaluation of pneumatic devices. While the contaminant supply rate and other test criteria of the device being tested must be set by the device manufacturer or user, the items covered in this document will be:
This SAE Standard includes names of major components and parts peculiar to this type of equipment. The illustrations are not intended to show all existing commercial machines or to be exactly descriptive of any particular machine. They have been selected to depict principles used in identifying specific mechanisms and to identify useful dimensional relationships.
This SAE Recommended Practice identifies and defines terms specifically related to brake systems.
Automotive and locomotive diesel fuels, in general, are derived from petroleum refinery products which are commonly referred to as middle distillates. Middle distillates represent products which have a higher boiling range than gasoline and are obtained from fractional distillation of the crude oil or from streams from other refining processes. Finished diesel fuels represent blends of middle distillates and may contain other blending components of substantially non-petroleum origin, such as biodiesel fuel blend stock, and/or middle distillates from non-traditional refining processes, such as gas-to-liquid processes. The properties of commercial distillate diesel fuels depend on the refinery practices employed and the nature of the crude oils from which they are derived. Thus, they may differ both with and within the region in which they are manufactured. Such fuels generally boil, at atmospheric pressure, over a range between 130 °C and 400 °C (approximately 270 °F to 750 °F). Their
This SAE Standard covers the minimum requirements for metric sizes of nonmetallic tubing as manufactured for use in air brake systems. Nonreinforced products are designated type A and reinforced products type B. It is not intended to cover tubing for any portion of the system that operates below -40 °C (-40 °F), above +93 °C (+200 °F), above a maximum working gage pressure of 1.0 MPa (150 psi), or in an area subject to attack by battery acid. This tubing is intended for use in the brake system for connections that maintain a basically fixed relationship between components during vehicle operation. Coiled tube assemblies required for those installations where flexing occurs are covered by this standard and SAE J1131 to the extent of setting minimum requirements on the essentially straight tube and tube fitting connections, which are used in the construction of such assemblies.2 NOTE—As all elements of SAE J1394 are being merged into SAE J844, two separate documents are no longer
This SAE Recommended Practice summarizes the composition of modern automotive gasolines, the significance of their physical and chemical characteristics, and the pertinent test methods for defining or evaluating these properties.
This SAE Recommended Practice defines the principal terms and equations pertaining to automotive automatic transmission clutch plate, band, or other wet-friction systems. The terms apply directly to friction-system testing as is typically conducted on inertia-stop test equipment. Some terms can be directly applied to the analysis of friction in the transmission or brake assembly and other friction-test equipment. The glossary presents terms used to describe the set-up, testing, and results of tests as shown in Figure 1, which were taken on a clutch SAE No. 2 machine. The glossary is intended to provide a collection of definitions in the hope of eliminating confusion in development and their application to passenger cars and trucks. This document focuses on the terminology of friction-system testing. References for this type of testing are shown in Section 2.
This SAE standard covers the minimum mechanical properties measured on separately cast test pieces of varying thickness and microstructural requirements for ductile iron castings used in automotive and allied industries. Castings may be specified in the as-cast or heat-treated condition. If castings are heat-treated, prior approval from the customer is required. The appendix provides general information on chemical composition, microstructure and casting mechanical properties, as well as other information for particular service conditions. In this standard SI units are primary and in-lb units are derived.
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