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This SAE Standard covers motor vehicle brake fluids of the nonpetroleum type, based upon glycols, glycol ethers, and appropriate inhibitors, for use in the braking system of any motor vehicle, such as a passenger car, truck, bus, or trailer. These fluids are not intended for use under arctic conditions. These fluids are designed for use in braking systems fitted with rubber cups and seals made from styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) or a terpolymer of ethylene, propylene, and a diene (EPDM).
The following schematic diagrams reflect various methods of illustrating automotive transmission arrangements. These have been developed to facilitate a clear understanding of the functional interrelations of the gearing, clutches, hydrodynamic drive unit, and other transmission components. Two variations of transmission diagrams are used: in neutral (clutches not applied) and in gear. For illustrative purposes, some typical transmissions are shown.
This SAE standard establishes the requirement for suppliers to plan a reliability program that satisfies the following three requirements: a The supplier shall ascertain customer requirements b The supplier shall meet customer requirements c The supplier shall assure that customer requirements have been met
This SAE Recommended Practice provides a framework for the establishment of a software support concept related to the support and supportability of both custom-developed and Off-the-Shelf (OTS) software. This document complements SAE AIR 5121, JA1004, and JA1005 by providing information needed to understand the support aspects that should be covered by a software supportability program. It should be noted that particular information indicated here should not be considered a complete list of all aspects of the support concept. In particular, the information should not be confused with a list of data elements. This document has general applicability to all sectors of industry and commerce and to all types of equipment that contain software. The target audience for this document includes software acquisition organizations, software logisticians, developers, supporters, and customers. This document is intended to be guidance for business purposes and should be applied when it provides a
This SAE Standard defines the basic structural elements, and guidance on compilation and management, for a software supportability program. Software supportability considerations include initial design influence and through-life support embracing the operational use, post-delivery modification, and logistics management of software. This document requires that the processes of design, development, selection, and production of software include software supportability considerations, as relevant to particular project needs.
This SAE Recommended Practice provides a taxonomy of terms related to local and regional on-demand and shared mobility services (including ground, aviation, and maritime) and their enabling technologies. Functional definitions for shared modes (both fleet sharing and ride services), services, business models, and mobility applications are defined in this SAE Recommended Practice. This SAE Recommended Practice also provides a taxonomy of related terms and definitions. Though public transport is part of shared mobility, it is not included in this SAE Recommended Practice because its definition is well-established and documented. This document does not provide specifications or otherwise impose requirements on on-demand and shared mobility.
This document provides methods and techniques for implementing a reliability program throughout the full life cycle of a software product, whether the product is considered as standalone or part of a system. This document is the companion to the Software Reliability Program Standard [JA1002]. The Standard describes the requirements of a software reliability program to define, meet, and demonstrate assurance of software product reliability using a Plan-Case framework and implemented within the context of a system application. This document has general applicability to all sectors of industry and commerce and to all types of equipment whose functionality is to some degree implemented by software components. It is intended to be guidance for business purposes and should be applied when it provides a value-added basis for the business aspects of development, use, and sustainment of software whose reliability is an important performance parameter. Applicability of specific practices will
The importance of reliability in design engineering has significantly grown since the early 1960’s. Competition has been a primary driver in this growth. The three realities of competition today are: world class quality and reliability, cost-effectiveness, and fast time-to-market. Formerly, companies could effectively compete if they could achieve at least two of these features in their products and product development processes, often at the expense of the third. However, customers today, whether military, aerospace, or commercial, have been sensitized to a higher level of expectation and demand products that are highly reliable, yet affordable. Product development practices are shifting in response to this higher level of expectation. Today, there is seldom time, or necessary resources to extensively test, analyze, and fix to achieve high quality and reliability. It is also true that the rapid growth in technology prevents the accumulation of historical data on the field performance
This SAE Recommended Practice provides recommended guidelines and best practices for implementing a supportability program to ensure that software is supportable throughout its life cycle. This Implementation Guide is the companion to the Software Supportability Program Standard, SAE JA1004, that describes, within a Plan-Case framework, what software supportability performance requirements are necessary. This document has general applicability to all sectors of industry and commerce and to all types of equipment whose functionality is to some degree implemented via software. It is intended to be guidance for business purposes and should be applied when it provides a value-added basis for the business aspects of development, use, and sustainment of support-critical software. Applicability of specific recommended practices will depend on the support-significance of the software, application domain, and life cycle stage of the software.
This SAE Standard establishes the requirement for suppliers to plan a maintainability program that satisfies the following three requirements: The supplier shall ascertain customer requirements. The supplier shall meet customer requirements. The supplier shall assure that customer requirements have been met.
SAE JA6097 (“Using a System Reliability Model to Optimize Maintenance”) shows how to determine which maintenance to perform on a system when that system requires corrective maintenance to achieve the lowest long-term operating cost. While this document may focus on applications to Jet Engines and Aircraft, this methodology could be applied to nearly any type of system. However, it would be most effective for systems that are tightly integrated, where a failure in any part of the system causes the entire system to go off-line, and the process of accessing a failed component can require additional maintenance on other unrelated components.
This SAE Standard provides a framework for the management of software reliability within system reliability requirements. It is based around the Software Reliability Plan and Software Reliability Case and emphasizes the importance of evaluating progress towards meeting software reliability requirements throughout the project life-cycle.
This document provides information to help the reader view maintainability in the context of an overall systems engineering effort. The guide defines maintainability, describes its relationship to other disciplines, addresses the basic elements common to sound maintainability programs, and describes the tasks and activities associated with those elements.
This Glossary is designed to serve persons who need to know the accepted meanings, within specific contexts, of the terminology used in reports, articles, regulations, and other materials dealing with aviation safety -- with particular reference to terms specific to human factors in aviation safety. It is assumed that some users of the Glossary will be familiar with the nomenclature of aviation, but will need information on the language of human factors in engineering as they apply to aviation safety. Others (for example, engineers and psychologists) will have fairly extensive knowledge of the terminology of their own and related disciplines, but will need authoritative definitions of technical terms specific to aviation. Within the foregoing general framework, the following guidelines for the inclusion of terms to be defined have been observed:
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes uniform engineering nomenclature for the most common wheel constructions, and their components used on passenger cars, light trucks, and multipurpose vehicles. These wheel constructions are welded disc wheels, cast wheels, forged wheels, composite wheels and hybrid wheels. This nomenclature and the accompanying drawings are intended to define fundamental wheel terms rather than to provide a comprehensive tabulation of all wheel design types.
Electric and alternative fueled vehicles present different hazards for first and second responders than conventional gasoline internal combustion engines. Hydrogen vehicles (H2V) including Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCVs) involved in incidents may present unique hazards associated with the fuel storage and high voltage systems. The electrical hazards associated with the high voltage systems of hybrid-electric vehicles and FCVs are already addressed in the parent document, SAE J2990. This Recommended Practice therefore addresses electric issues by reference to SAE J2990 and supplements SAE J2990 to address the potential consequences associated with hydrogen vehicle incidents and suggest common procedures to help protect emergency responders, tow and/or recovery, storage, repair, and salvage personnel after an incident has occurred. Industry design standards and tools were studied and where appropriate, suggested for responsible organizations to implement.
This document establishes safety limits and performance requirements for gaseous hydrogen fuel dispensers used to fuel Hydrogen Powered Industrial Trucks (HPITs). It also describes several example fueling methods for gaseous hydrogen dispensers serving HPIT vehicles. SAE J2601-3 offers performance based fueling methods and provides guidance to fueling system builders as well as suppliers of hydrogen powered industrial trucks and operators of the hydrogen powered vehicle fleet(s). This fueling protocol for HPITs can support a wide range of hydrogen fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles including fork lifts, tractors, pallet jacks, on and off road utility, and specialty vehicles of all types. The mechanical connector geometry for H25 and H35 connectors are defined in SAE J2600 Compressed Hydrogen Surface Vehicle Refueling Connection Devices. Multiple fueling methods are described in this document and include: 1 Fill to Service Pressure with fixed area flow-limiting device 2 Fill to Target
This SAE Standard sets forth accepted definitions and terminology of major components and parts peculiar to snowmobiles.
This SAE Recommended Practice is applicable to oil-to-air and oil-to-coolant oil coolers installed on mobile or stationary equipment and provides a glossary of oil cooler nomenclature. Such oil coolers may be used for the purpose of cooling automatic transmission fluid, hydraulic system oil, retarder system fluid, engine oil, etc. This document outlines the methods of procuring the test data to determine the operating characteristics of the oil cooling system and the interpretation of the results.
This document is not a standard, it is a candidate for a standard being submitted to SAE for their consideration as a comment to SAE J2735. The term SAE J2735 SE candidate is used within this document to refer to this submission. This document specifies dialogs, messages, and the data frames and data elements that make up the messages specifically for use by applications intended to utilize the 5.9 GHz Dedicated Short Range Communications for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (DSRC/WAVE, referenced in this document simply as “DSRC"), communications systems. Although the scope of this Standard is focused on DSRC, these dialogs, messages, data frames and data elements have been designed, to the extent possible, to be of use for applications that may be deployed in conjunction with other wireless communications technologies. This standard therefore specifies the definitive message structure and provides sufficient background information to allow readers to properly interpret the
This SAE Recommended Practice summarizes the composition of modern automotive gasolines, the significance of their physical and chemical characteristics, and the pertinent test methods for defining or evaluating these properties.
This SAE Standard applies to planning and mapping various types of information associated with directional boring/drilling machines. This type of planning and mapping information is typically used with horizontal directional drilling (HDD) machines as defined by ISO 21467:2023.
This SAE Information Report applies to structural integrity, performance, drivability, and serviceability of personally licensed vehicles not exceeding 10000 pounds GVWR such as sedans, crossovers, SUVs, MPVs, light trucks, and van-type vehicles that are powered by gas and alternative fuel such as electric, plug-in hybrid, or hybrid technologies. It provides engineering direction to vehicle modifiers in a manner that does not limit innovation, and it specifies procedures for preparing vehicles to enhance safety during vehicle modifications. It further provides guidance and recommendations for the minimum acceptable design requirements and performance criteria on general and specific structural modifications, thereby allowing consumers and third-party payers the ability to obtain and purchase equipment that meets or exceeds the performance and safety of the OEM production vehicle.
This glossary provides accepted definitions for terms commonly used by manufacturers and users of electric wire and cable, and their components, intended for use on aerospace vehicles.
This SAE standard covers the minimum mechanical properties measured on separately cast test pieces of varying thickness and microstructural requirements for ductile iron castings used in automotive and allied industries. Castings may be specified in the as-cast or heat-treated condition. If castings are heat-treated, prior approval from the customer is required. The appendix provides general information on chemical composition, microstructure and casting mechanical properties, as well as other information for particular service conditions. In this standard SI units are primary and in-lb units are derived.
This SAE Recommended Practice defines the principal terms and equations pertaining to automotive automatic transmission clutch plate, band, or other wet-friction systems. The terms apply directly to friction-system testing as is typically conducted on inertia-stop test equipment. Some terms can be directly applied to the analysis of friction in the transmission or brake assembly and other friction-test equipment. The glossary presents terms used to describe the set-up, testing, and results of tests as shown in Figure 1, which were taken on a clutch SAE No. 2 machine. The glossary is intended to provide a collection of definitions in the hope of eliminating confusion in development and their application to passenger cars and trucks. This document focuses on the terminology of friction-system testing. References for this type of testing are shown in Section 2.
Develop terminology and definitions specifically for the automotive industry that defines greener and more sustainable materials and practices. The document will provide information and context for how and where the terms are used in the auto sector. In some cases, there may be more than one definition provided as some terms have different meanings in different countries.
This SAE Standard covers the minimum requirements for metric sizes of nonmetallic tubing as manufactured for use in air brake systems. Nonreinforced products are designated type A and reinforced products type B. It is not intended to cover tubing for any portion of the system that operates below -40 °C (-40 °F), above +93 °C (+200 °F), above a maximum working gage pressure of 1.0 MPa (150 psi), or in an area subject to attack by battery acid. This tubing is intended for use in the brake system for connections that maintain a basically fixed relationship between components during vehicle operation. Coiled tube assemblies required for those installations where flexing occurs are covered by this standard and SAE J1131 to the extent of setting minimum requirements on the essentially straight tube and tube fitting connections, which are used in the construction of such assemblies.2 NOTE—As all elements of SAE J1394 are being merged into SAE J844, two separate documents are no longer
This SAE Recommended Practice provides a Glossary of Terms commonly used to describe Seat Belt Restraint Systems Hardware and their function. These terms are currently defined in various SAE Recommended Practices but are sometimes inconsistent. It is intended for this document to supersede the definitions found in separate SAE Recommended Practices.
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes uniform engineering nomenclature for wheels, hubs, rims, and their components used in truck, bus, and trailer applications. This nomenclature and accompanying drawings are intended to define functional truck wheel, hub, and rim designs. For nomenclature specific to “passenger-type” disc wheels, refer to SAE J1982. The International Standard (ISO) nomenclature is shown in parentheses when different than SAE J393.
The fluid flow treated in this section is isothermal, subsonic, and incompressible. The effects of heat addition, work on the fluid, variation in sonic velocity, and changes in elevation are neglected. An incompressible fluid is one in which a change in pressure causes no resulting change in fluid density. The assumption that liquids are incompressible introduces no appreciable error in calculations, but the assumption that a gas is incompressible introduces an error of a magnitude that is dependent on the fluid velocity and on the loss coefficient of the particular duct section or piece of equipment. Fig. 1A-1 shows the error in pressure drop resulting from assuming that air is incompressible. With reasonably small loss coefficients and the accuracy that is usually required in most calculations, compressible fluids may be treated as incompressible for velocities less than Mach 0.2. At higher velocities and for large loss coefficients (Kt and 4fL/D), compressible flow analysis should
This document defines requirements for digital, command/ response time division multiplexing (data bus) techniques for fiber optic implementation. The concept of operation and information flow on the multiplex data bus and the functional formats to be employed are also defined.
Groove designs presented herein are applicable for use with the following "MS" metal O-ring gaskets conforming to the applicable "AS" standard drawings listed in 1(a) or 1(b), or to dimensionally equivalent gaskets of other materials: a AMS 5570 or AMS 5576 Plain 1 AS9141 - 0.035 tube × 0.006 wall 2 AS9142 - 0.062 tube × 0.006 wall 3 AS9202 - 0.062 tube × 0.010 wall 4 AS9203 - 0.094 tube × 0.006 wall 5 AS9204 - 0.094 tube × 0.010 wall 6 AS9205 - 0.125 tube × 0.010 wall b AMS 5570 or AMS 5576 Silver Plated 1 AS9371 - 0.035 tube × 0.006 wall 2 AS9372 - 0.062 tube × 0.006 wall 3 AS9373 - 0.062 tube × 0.010 wall 4 AS9374 - 0.094 tube × 0.006 wall 5 AS9375 - 0.094 tube × 0.010 wall 6 AS9376 - 0.125 tube × 0.010 wall NOTE: The term "AS gasket" as used in this document refers to the 'MS' part numbers defined on the applicable 'AS' standards listed in 1(a) or 1(b).
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