Well-To-Wheels Analysis of CO2 Emissions from a Conventional Taxi Fleet Replaced by Electric Vehicles

This paper presents a Well-to-Wheels (WTW) analysis of equivalent carbon dioxide (CO2eq) emissions in different scenarios of replacement of a conventional taxi fleet by electric vehicles. Two battery electric vehicles and one hybrid electric vehicle were used in the comparison with the conventional vehicle fleet. A numeric model was developed to evaluate CO2eq emissions in the fuel production, electricity supply, and vehicle operation phases. Gasoline and sugarcane ethanol were considered as fuels for the conventional and hybrid electric vehicles. Six scenarios of conventional vehicles replacement by electric vehicles in the taxi fleet were evaluated. The results showed that the replacement of nearly 13% of the current taxi fleet of a major city by the three electric vehicle models considered in the analysis could reduce CO2eq emissions by about 6%. If the entire fleet was replaced in a 5 years period, CO2eq emission could reach a reduction up to 82%.