Two-Dimensional Calculation of the Gas Exchange Processes in Direct-injection Two-Stroke Engines

Using the KVIA code as a reference, a two dimensional computational fluid dynamics program is used to analyze the scavenge and fuel injection processes in a two--stroke engine: By calculation, the flow velocity, the mass distribution and density distribution of compositions (including the air, fuel and exhaust) and the escaped mass of fuel from the exhaust ports are known. It models the work process of the direct--injected two--stroke engine. By analysing the computational results, the best injector location, injection angle and injection timing can he determined.

IT IS A WELL KNOWN FACT THAT THE TWO--STROKE ENGINE'S ADVANTAGES ARE high specific power, simple structure, light weight and the small outline. The main disadvantage of the two--stroke engine with the carburettor is that some 25-40% of the unburnt fresh charge during the gas exchange process is lost due to the short circuiting to the exhaust ports. This inevitably results in poor fuel economy and high hydrocarbon emissions. To reduce the fuel lost, in addition to improve the structure of gas exchange ports, the more effective method is to employ fuel injection technique and bring about the stratified combustion [1][2]. Fig. 1 shows the injector locations examined. These are scavenge port injection (case 1), middle wall injection (case 2) and cylinder head injection (case 3 and case 4).