Trailing Vortex Hazard

Light aircraft that encounter the trailing vortex system generated by heavy transport aircraft can experience high roll rates, loss of altitude, and large structural loads. Envelopes of vortex system velocities, duration, and movement for various wind conditions have been determined. Specific operational procedures for the take-off, landing, and enroute phases of flight are suggested to enable the light aircraft pilot to avoid the wake turbulence of heavy aircraft.