To improve the acoustic performance of the intake system in fuel cell vehicles while maintaining airflow efficiency, this study investigates the intake duct using numerical simulation methods. A comprehensive evaluation of acoustic transmission loss and pressure drop characteristics is conducted. Based on the original structure, an improved design incorporating a perforated inner tube and a sound-absorbing layer is proposed. The pressure drop is calculated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), while the acoustic transmission loss is analyzed using the finite element method (FEM).
The results show that the improved intake duct significantly enhances transmission loss within the frequency range of 20–2,000 Hz, achieving effective broadband noise attenuation, particularly in the mid-to high-frequency range. Although the pressure drop increases slightly compared with the original structure, it remains within an acceptable engineering range and has no significant adverse effect on airflow performance. Overall, the proposed design achieves a good balance between noise reduction and flow efficiency, providing a useful reference for the structural optimization of fuel cell vehicle intake systems.