Sled Test Results Using the Hybrid III 6 Year Old: An Evaluation of Various Restraints and Crash Configurations

Data suggest that in response to substantial educational efforts, more children are being placed in the rear seats of vehicles. As this transition occurs, it is important to make efforts to optimize the performance of rear seat restraints for children. Prior to developing new restraints for children for the rear seat, a better understanding of child responses in various crash scenarios is needed.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of various restraint systems and countermeasures for child occupants in different crash scenarios. Sled tests were carried out with a Hybrid III 6 year old anthropomorphic test device (ATD) in frontal, oblique and side impact configurations. The performance of a highback and a backless booster seat was assessed. The results were compared with two standard 3 point belt restraint systems: 1. a package shelf mounted belt, and 2. a C-pillar mounted belt. The benefit of adding a shoulder guide and shoulder/lap belt guides to the C-pillar system was also evaluated.

Results indicated that in the frontal and oblique testing there was no clear “best restraint” system - the benefits of various restraint systems were different depending on which criteria were examined. Side impact testing indicated significant lateral movement in all restraint systems. The data suggest customizable restraints may provide enhanced protection in a variety of impact configurations.