Simulator Sickness: A Review of Its Costs, Countermeasures, and Prediction

The potential costs of vehicle simulators that induce operator discomfort and disorientation and feasible procedural countermeasures for reducing the effects of simulator sickness are discussed. A review of the ability to predict a person's susceptibility to simulator sickness based upon tests of perceptual style (field dependence-independence) reveals that there is little convincing evidence to support the contention that field-independent subjects are more susceptible than field dependent. A re-evaluation of several studies reporting to show such a relationship indicated considerable contradictory evidence.