Hydrogen energy is a kind of secondary energy with an abundant source, wide
application, green, and is low-carbon, which is important for building a clean,
low-carbon, safe, and efficient energy system and achieving the goal of carbon
peaking and being carbon neutral. In this paper, the effect of nozzle position,
hydrogen injection timing, and ignition timing on the in-cylinder combustion
characteristics is investigated separately with the 13E hydrogen engine as the
simulation object. The test results show that when the nozzle position is set in
the middle of the intake and exhaust tracts (L2 and L3), the peak in-cylinder
pressure is slightly higher than that of L1, but when the nozzle position is L2,
the cylinder pressure curve is the smoothest, the peak exothermic rate is the
lowest, and the peak cylinder temperature is the lowest. When the ignition
timing is consistent, with the delay of hydrogen injection timing, the peak
in-cylinder pressure decreases and the peak phase remains the same, the peak
in-cylinder temperature and peak exothermic rate increase, and the peak phase is
advanced; the stall period is the shortest when the hydrogen injection timing is
120°CA BTDC; and the combustion DOC is the most stalled when the hydrogen
injection timing is 160°CA BTDC. When the hydrogen injection timing is
consistent with the advance of the ignition timing, the peak of in-cylinder
pressure and in-cylinder temperature increases, the stall period of in-cylinder
combustion increases, the pre-burn period shortens, and the post-burn period
shortens. When the ignition advance angle is 15°CA BTDC, the lowest heat release
rate is 130 J/°CA, and when the ignition advance angle is 25°CA BTDC, the
highest heat release rate is 208 J/°CA.