Simulation of Hydraulic Retarder using Particleworks

Meshless particle-based simulation methods are increasingly being considered for modeling complex physical systems, particularly those involving large fluid deformations, splashing, and sloshing effects. The effectiveness of these methods, however, depends greatly on the careful selection of simulation models and parameters. This study investigates the capabilities of Particleworks, a CFD simulation tool employing a particle-based Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS) solver, in simulating hydraulic retarders used in heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs). Hydraulic retarders utilize viscous drag forces generated by a spinning rotor within a fluid-filled chamber to achieve controlled braking. A dual-rotor, cup-shaped hydraulic retarder operating is analyzed in Particleworks under various conditions, including the use of different working fluids such as transmission oil, coolant, and water. The study also considered thermophysical properties with oil and examined the impact of geometrical modifications, such as cup angle, on braking torque. These results were validated with output from a conventional CFD solver. The findings demonstrate that although the actual braking torque output varies with Particleworks parameters, the trends align well with existing literature, confirming the potential of Particleworks as an effective tool for accurately simulating hydraulic retarder behavior. Additionally, Particleworks' parallel computing capabilities enable faster and more efficient simulations compared to conventional solvers, accelerating the product development process