Safety Analysis of Collision Avoidance for Semi-Autonomous Navigation Ship Based on STPA-CREAM

With the continuous improvement of ship intelligence, more intelligent onboard navigation equipment and intelligent navigation systems are used to assist in improving navigation efficiency. This study takes semi-autonomous navigation ships as research objects and adopts System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) to model the complex interaction relationships of semi-autonomous navigation encounter scenarios and identify and analyze potential risks. To address the deficiency of STPA in human factors analysis capability, the Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method (CREAM) is introduced to analyze human factors in semi-autonomous navigation. Finally, based on the results of the STPA-CREAM analysis, recommendations are provided to improve the safety of semi-autonomous navigation.