With the ongoing construction of the Pinglu Canal, the Zicai Bridge requires demolition and reconstruction to comply with the specified navigation clearance standards. This study focuses on optimizing traffic organization during the bridge’s construction period to alleviate the pressure on the urban traffic system. Based on a review of domestic and foreign research on traffic management for road-occupying construction, we employed a literature review, field investigation, and a combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis methods to characterize the traffic conditions in the construction area. By integrating bridge engineering codes, surrounding road network data, and on-site traffic information, we conducted traffic flow planning, formulated routes for pedestrians and non-motorized vehicles, and optimized the layout of road intersections and traffic signs. Two traffic management schemes were developed, and their performance was evaluated using VISSIM simulation tests. The results indicate that Scheme Two can effectively reduce vehicle queue length, traffic delay, and the number of vehicle stops, achieving orderly traffic operation during the construction period. Its lane adjustment strategy and traffic route design can maintain the operability of urban traffic while ensuring the smooth progress of construction work, and thus provide a valuable reference for similar engineering projects.