Research on Dynamic Adjustment Mechanism of Railway Freight Pricing Based on NSGA-II Algorithm

With the implementation of the "road-shift-to-rail" policy and the intensification of competition in the freight transport market, establishing a scientific and effective dynamic pricing mechanism has become a crucial factor in enhancing the competitiveness of railway freight. To address this, this paper constructs a multi-objective dynamic pricing model that comprehensively considers the interests of railway transport enterprises, shippers, and societal externalities. A new multi-objective genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is designed to solve the model, and an empirical analysis is conducted based on real-world data from "road-shift-to-rail" projects. The research results indicate that the proposed method aligns closely with the current pricing practices of railway transport enterprises. For goods with low time sensitivity, greater freight rate discounts should be offered to shippers, whereas for high time-sensitive goods, the time gap between rail and road transport should be minimized.