Regulated and Unregulated Exhaust Emissions from Malfunctioning Automobiles

This paper summarizes a laboratory effort to characterize exhaust emissions from non-catalyst and oxidation catalyst-equipped gasoline automobiles operating under malfunction conditions. One non-catalyst and four catalyst automobiles were evaluated over three test cycles in an unmodified configuration and in four engine and/or emission control system malfunction configurations. Exhaust emission constituents measured, in addition to the currently regulated automobile emissions, include: particulates, sulfates, aldehydes, sulfides, amines, metals, and several additional elements and compounds.