Process and Calculation Models for Electric Vehicle Battery Traceability: An Illustration of the SAE J3327 Standard

This paper presents a model for implementing the SAE J3327 standard, which establishes a digital traceability record for electric vehicle (EV) batteries. Additionally this paper outlines the objectives of SAE J3327, and its harmonization with global standards such as the European Union’s Digital Product Passport and with U.S. battery production tax credit requirements. The SAE J3327 standard also aligns with ISO standards for chain of custody and mass balance. Through detailed process models and sample calculations, this paper demonstrates how to document the provenance, processing, and recycling of critical battery minerals—such as lithium—across complex supply chains. The methodology in the SAE J3327 standard emphasizes the importance of consistent data formats, reliable chain of custody, and dynamic traceability practices to support responsible sourcing, manufacturing, and recycling. The results highlight the need for robust verification systems and ongoing revision of traceability records to adapt to evolving technologies and regulatory priorities. Recommendations are provided for industry stakeholders to adopt global best practices and ensure transparency throughout the battery lifecycle.