In transportation infrastructure constructed in mountainous and rocky regions, such as highway slopes, railway cuttings, bridge abutments, and tunnel portal slopes, uplift-resistant anchorage systems are widely required to ensure structural stability and service safety. To support anchorage design in such conditions, this study investigates the uplift bearing behavior, load-transfer mechanism, and key design parameters of pressure-type rock anchors in weathered rock strata through a combined field-and-numerical approach. A rock anchorage project in mountainous terrain in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China, was adopted as the prototype case, and two representative anchors installed in strongly weathered and moderately weathered tuffaceous sandstone were selected for field pullout testing and three- dimensional finite element simulation. The failure characteristics, uplift load–displacement response, axial strain distribution of the grout body, and the effects of anchorage length and rock-socketed length were systematically examined. The results show that pressure- type rock anchors exhibit favorable uplift resistance in weathered rock strata. No overall pullout failure occurred during the tests, and no obvious cracking or significant ground deformation was observed. The uplift load–displacement curves exhibited a pronounced steep- transition pattern, and the axial strain of the grout body was mainly concentrated near the bearing plate and attenuated upward along the anchorage section. When the anchorage section extended into the moderately weathered rock stratum, strain attenuation became faster and interfacial load transfer became more efficient. Parametric analysis further indicates that the uplift bearing capacity increases approximately linearly with anchorage length before a critical anchorage length is reached, whereas the increase becomes much less significant beyond about 8 m. In addition, a proper increase in rock- socketed length can significantly improve the uplift bearing capacity. The findings provide useful reference for the design and optimization of uplift-resistant anchorage systems in transportation infrastructure founded in layered weathered rock.