Carbon materials, as typical dielectric loss media, possess the characteristics
of low density, stable chemical properties, wide sources, and diverse existing
forms, and have been attracting much attention in the microwave absorption
field. Based on carbon materials, the rational design and construction of
microscopic morphology and microscopic structure is an effective way to improve
their microwave absorption performance. Up to now, unique microstructures such
as hollow, core-shell, and porous have been widely used in the design of
microwave absorption materials, and their performance improvement has also been
reliably confirmed. This paper mainly focuses on the research of the preparation
and microwave absorption performance of porous carbon foams (CF-x). Firstly, it
achieves the fabrication of porous carbon foams by the one-step pyrolysis using
readily available glucose and NH4Cl, avoiding the need for polymer
templates or magnetic element incorporation. In addition, this paper focuses on
investigating the effect of the dosage of NH4Cl on the pore structure
and dielectric properties of CF-x, and it reveals the advantages of the foam
structure in terms of enhancing microwave absorption performance.