In order to reduce CO₂, Electric Vehicles (EV) and Hybrid
Vehicles (HV) are effective. Those types of vehicles have
powertrains from conventional vehicles. Those new powertrains
drastically improve their efficiency from conventional vehicles
keeping the same or superior power performance. On the other hand,
those vehicles have an issue for thermal energy shortage during
warming up process. The thermal energy is very large, and seriously
affects the fuel economy for HV and the mileage for EV.
In this paper, we propose VHDL-AMS multi-domain simulation
technique for the estimation of the vehicle performance at the
concept planning stage. The VHDL-AMS is IEEE and IEC standardized
language, which supports not only multi-domain (physics) but also
encryption. The common modeling language and encryption standard is
indispensable for full-vehicle simulation.
By the VHDL-AMS modeling, the fuel economy, the effect of heat
energy recovery from the exhaust gas, and the power performance are
discussed for HV. The fuel economy was estimated using LA#4 driving
pattern and the base simulation model validation result was that
simulation was 22.0 km/L and measurement was 21.7 km/L (error
1.4%). The energy management using an exhaust gas heat exchange
system realized 10.3% fuel consumption improvement during warming
up. As for the power performance, the simulated acceleration time
of 0-100 km/h was 11.12 sec and the measured vehicle time was 11.27
sec. The error between simulation and actual measurement result was
1.4%.
We showed that the application of VHDL-AMS multi-domain HV
simulation is effective for the vehicle concept planning. Since the
HV model uses embedded real control software, the VHDL-AMS modeling
can be used as SIL at system control development stage.