Pneumatic and Thermal State Estimator (PSE and TSE) algorithms were implemented in a production speed-density Engine Management System (EMS) to provide engine mass flow, pressure, and temperature estimates for general use by other control, diagnostic, and estimator algorithms.
A fluid-network architecture (see, for example, [1],[2]) was used to significantly reduce development cycle time associated with iterative calibration work, to increase flexibility to engine hardware changes, and to enable the application of Modern Control Theory.
The algorithms and associated development process were applied to a 2.4L DOHC engine. The PSE and TSE met internally-defined performance requirements and, in application, LEV emissions.