Parameterization of Particles Emitted from a Jet Engine during Stationary Tests

Particles are one of the pollutants that affect air quality. The assessment of air pollution degree is conducted, among others, on the basis of parameters regarding the mass concentration of particles (PM2.5 and PM10). The growing awareness of the processes accompanying particles emissions is causing a growing interest in their other parameters such as number and diameter. Particles dimensions are important in determining their impact on human health. The most dangerous are particles of the smallest size; characteristic for internal combustion engines, mainly jet engines. The assessment of individual means of transport from the point of view of their ecological aspects is carried out in relation to fuel consumption, while in the case of particles; the analysis must be extended by their individual parameters. The article presents a comprehensive analysis of particles emissions from a jet engine during stationary tests. Selected engine work points represented individual stages of the LTO test. The number, mass and dimensions of particles were analyzed. The supplement was the assessment of fuel consumption in individual phases of engine operation. The research object was the F100-PW-229 engine, which is the drive of the F-16 fighter. The determined characteristics allowed assessing the relation between number and mass of emitted particles. Only a few percent of the largest diameter particles were found to account for around 80% of the particulate mass emitted. The conducted research largely confirms the opinion currently undertaken by scientists; that the assessment of air quality based on mass concentration of particles is not sufficient, and often wrong. For a full assessment and awareness of the threat of air pollution, dimensional and numerical analysis of particles is necessary.